小青龙汤对小儿哮喘激素干预的增效作用及免疫调节观察

目的 研究小青龙汤对小儿哮喘激素干预的增效作用及免疫调节作用。方法 选择我院满足诊断标准的69例小儿哮喘者为研究样本,以随机数字表法分为观察组（n=35例）与对照组（n=34）,两组均行舒利迭雾化吸入治疗,观察组另给予小青龙汤治疗,1周为1个疗程,采用中医证候积分评价两组治疗疗效,同时观察1个疗程后肺功能指标用力肺活量（FVC）、1s用力呼气容积（FEV1）、最大通气量（MVV）变化,比较两组免疫指标免疫球蛋白A（IgA）、免疫球蛋白E（IgE）、免疫球蛋白G（IgG）,同时观察T淋巴细胞CD₄⁺、CD₈⁺、CD₄⁺/CD₈⁺治疗前后差异,比较两组治疗期间不良反应发生率,同时建立CD₄⁺/CD₈⁺对治疗疗效的评估模型。结果 观察组中医证候总有效率为97.1%,显著高于对照组82.4%（P<0.05）;两组治疗后FVC、FEV1、MVV均高于治疗前（P<0.05）,观察组FVC、FEV1、MVV高于对照组,其中FEV1与对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;观察组治疗后IgA、IgG较治疗前及对照组显著升高,IgE较治疗前及对照组降低,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,对照组治疗前后免疫指标均无显著变化（P>0.05）;治疗后两组CD₄⁺较治疗前降低（P<0.05）,观察组CD₄⁺低于对照组,CD₈⁺高于对照组,CD₄⁺/CD₈⁺低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;两组均未见严重不良反应,不良反应发生率对照组5.88%（2/34）与观察组8.57%（3/35）比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;治疗后无效患儿CD₄⁺/CD₈⁺较高,CD₄⁺/CD₈⁺值达2.17时,患儿无效率较高。结论 小青龙汤联合激素治疗小儿轻中度急性哮喘有良好的协同作用,用药无明显不良反应,对中医证候及肺功能的改善优于单一西药治疗,其机制考虑与增强患儿免疫力有关。     

陆地棉棉酚合成关键基因杜松烯合酶基因克隆及序列差异分析

利用同源克隆法克隆获得有酚陆地棉(Gossypium hirsutum)杜松烯合酶(Delta-cadinene sythase)基因。结果表明,该基因长ORF为1 665 bp,编码551个氨基酸,具有类戊二烯的保守结构域,有酚和低酚陆地棉之间,该基因存在序列差异。     

湖北宣恩烤烟新品种筛选比较

[目的]筛选适合宣恩地理环境的特色烤烟新品种。[方法]采用方差分析法和模糊综合评判分析法对6个新品种进行综合分析。[结果]方差分析法和模糊综合评判分析结果均表明,HB112、HB086和HB061这3个新品种在农艺性状、经济指标、化学指标三方面的表现较优。[结论]HB112、HB086和HB061这3个新品种综合表现较为优秀,可作为特色品种进一步筛选。     

Female fertility variation in mature Pinus sylvestris clonal seed orchards

Abstract

Female fertility is the basis for the output of seeds from clonal orchards and its variation is of major interest for the economics and biology of seed orchards, especially for the efficiency and diversity of seed orchard crops. Assessments of female fertility variation in 10 mature (>15 years old) seed orchards of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) were evaluated and compared. Depending on the individual orchard, fertility variation for each clone was assessed in slightly different ways, e.g. number of strobili, cones, seeds or litre of cones per ramet. Assessments in five of the orchards were made over consecutive years. The main result was that the clonal variation in mean female fertility per surviving ramet was lower than expected from the literature; the Kang–Lindgren sibling coefficient (Ψ) within individual years averaged 1.35. The variation between ramets within clones and years was of similar magnitude as that between clones. Clone by year interactions were noticeable, but were slightly lower than the variation between as well as that within clones in individual years. There was considerable variation in the variance components between years. The limited variation in female fertility indicated that it should not be a selection criterion when selecting clones for a seed orchard. Furthermore, it will not result in large differences between clones in seed set or large reductions in gene diversity in productive Scots pine seed orchards.     

A method for the prediction of multitrait breeding values for use in stochastic simulation to compare progeny-testing schemes, with large progeny groups for proven sires

A method of approximating estimated breeding values (EBV) from a multivariate distribution of true breeding values (TBV) and EBV is proposed for use in large-scale stochastic simulation of alternative breeding schemes with a complex breeding goal. The covariance matrix of the multivariate distributions includes the additive genetic (co)variances and approximated prediction error (co)variances at different selection stages in the life of the animal. The prediction error (co)variance matrix is set up for one animal at a time, utilizing information on the selection candidate and its offspring, the parents, as well as paternal and maternal half- sibs. The EBV are a regression on TBV taking individual uncertainty into account, but with additional 'free' variation drawn at random. With the current information included in the calculation of the prediction error variance of a selection candidate, it is concluded that the method can be used to optimize progeny-testing schemes, where the progeny-tested sires are utilized with large progeny groups, e.g. through artificial insemination.     

马尾松近熟林施肥技术研究

通过对17a生马尾松近熟林施肥试验4年的生长效应分析表明:在南方红壤地区施适量的P,K肥对马尾松近熟林生长有显著的促进作用,但施用过量却有负作用;施N肥短期内对林木生长不利;施肥效果显著时可掩盖林地本身质量对林木生长的影响。根据对各肥种水平效应值的分析可知,最佳施肥处理为每株混施P2O590g,K2O 90g,其4年蓄积定期生长量比对照高13.4%。施肥措施对促进小径阶木生长有利。在肥效期内施肥措施与马尾松近熟林的生长效应呈显著相关性。     

伊犁州19个引种杨树品种扦插苗生长特性的研究

1995年对伊犁州19个引种杨树主栽品种进行扦插育苗试验,通过对1年生苗木地径、苗高随机抽样调查后进行方差及聚类分析,结果表明:伊犁州19个杨树引种品种的苗高、地径存在极显著差异(P<0.01),1年生扦插苗苗高及地径最大差距可达1.04 m、0.83 cm。其中,生长最快的品种有78-8、优胜003、格氏、中林23等4个,其苗高平均为3.22 m,地径平均为2.36 cm;生长较快的有78-133、中林、沙兰杨等12个品种;表现最差的是斯大林、加小×俄9#、健227等3个品种。     

Validation of alternative models in genetic evaluation of racing performance in North Swedish and Norwegian cold-blooded trotters

There have been several approaches to the estimation of breeding values of performance in trotters, and the objective of this study was to validate different alternatives for genetic evaluation of racing performance in the North Swedish and Norwegian cold-blooded trotters. The current bivariate approach with the traits racing status (RACE) and earnings (EARN) was compared with a threshold-linear animal model and the univariate alternative with the performance trait only. The models were compared based on cross-validation of standardized earnings, using mean-squared errors of prediction (MSEP) and the correlation between the phenotype (Y) and the estimated breeding value (EBV). Despite possible effects of selection, a rather high estimate of heritability of EARN was found in our univariate analysis. The genetic trend estimate for EARN was clearly higher in the bivariate specification than in the univariate model, as a consequence of the considerable size of estimated heritability of RACE and its high correlation with EARN (approximately 0.8). RACE is highly influenced by ancestry rather than the on-farm performance of the horse itself. Consequently, the use of RACE in the genetic analysis may inflate the genetic trend of EARN because of a double counting of pedigree information. Although, because of the higher predictive ability of the bivariate specification, the improved ranking of animals within a year-class and the inability to discriminate between models for genetic trend, we propose to base prediction of breeding values on the current bivariate model.     

香蕉新品种‘红研一号’的对比试验研究

在云南省河口县沙坝,将高产、优质的香蕉新品种‘红研一号’与当地生产上的主栽品种‘威廉斯8818’、‘巴西蕉’及福建省近年来推广的优质品种‘漳蕉1号’进行对比试验。结果表明,4个品种3年的平均果实质量性状(指净重量,净重量=实际的毛重量×0.9)表现为:‘红蕉一号’(23.52kg)>‘巴西蕉’(23.06kg)>‘威廉斯8818’(22.99 kg)>‘漳蕉1号’(22.79 kg),但均未达到显著性差异(P<0.05)。同时,试验还对其它主要性状进行了检测。综合来看,改良、选育出的矮杆、速生、丰产、优质的新品种‘红研一号’,在河口地区表现最佳,特别是茎干比较粗,山地栽培比较容易作业,抗风(倒伏)能力较强。建议,加大该品种在河口地区的栽培面积,同时,我国广东、海南、广西、福建等有台风及冬季温度相对较低的地区也可加快引种并进行适地种植。     

动物冷应激的研究进展

综述了动物冷应激时神经系统的生理机制,及其对动物生产性能、免疫功能、抗氧化功能和血液中相关生理指标的影响,以及相关基因的研究进展。通过对动物冷应激时动物机体内的一系列变化规律的总结,为提高管理效率,减少动物冷应激带来的经济损失,以及冷应激相关科学研究的开展奠定了基础。