阴生植物和阳生植物气孔数量比较分析

制作阳生植物（变叶木、香樟、鸳鸯茉莉）和阴生植物（巴西铁、富贵竹、竹芋）的上下表皮临时切片,采用光学显微镜观察并进行方差分析比较。结果发现：同种阴生植物或阳生植物下表皮气孔数量极显著多于上表皮;阳生植物上表皮气孔极少或无,而阴生植物上表皮有较多气孔。     

富γ-氨基丁酸茶的药理功能研究进展

综述了富γ-氨基丁酸茶的药理功能和γ-氨基丁酸富集方法的研究进展,提出应进一步改进和完善富γ-氨基丁酸茶的加工工艺和我国富γ-氨基丁酸茶叶产品的广阔市场前景。     

Large-scale screening for maize drought resistance using multiple selection criteria evaluated under water-stressed and well-watered environments

A total of 550 maize inbred lines collected from global breeding programs were evaluated for drought resistance under both well-watered and water-stressed environments. The evaluation was based on multiple measurements of biomass taken before and after the drought stress was applied using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), along with other selection criteria including anthesis-silking interval, leaf senescence, chlorophyll content, root capacitance, final grain yield, and grain yield components. Kernel weight was the most stable trait under drought stress. Correlations between the primary trait (grain yield) and the secondary traits, except the root capacitance and ASI under water-stressed condition, were all significant. Root capacitance had relatively low heritability and low genetic correlation with other drought resistance criteria, and is not recommended as a drought resistance criterion. Significant reduction of NDVI values measured in the afternoon when the leaves became rolling, compared to those measured in the morning when the leaves were open, provides a reliable index for leaf rolling, which however was not significantly correlated with grain yield. NDVIs measured across different developmental stages were highly correlated with each other and with most of the secondary traits as well as, grain yield, indicating that NDVI can be used as a secondary trait for large-scale drought resistance screening. Regression models built based on non-yield drought criteria and yield components explained about 40% and 95% of the variation for the grain yield, respectively. Some maize lines developed in China for temperate regions showed strong drought resistance comparable to tropical maize lines when tested under tropical condition, indicating that temperate lines with a wide adaptability can be used in drought resistance breeding for both temperate and tropical environments.     

超声提取甜菜多糖对小鼠免疫功能影响的研究

[目的]研究甜菜多糖对正常小鼠免疫功能调节作用的影响.[方法]利用超声提取法得到80;的乙醇粗提物,通过紫外光谱测定甜菜提取物多糖含量为85.82;.将甜菜多糖配成(50 mg/(kg·d)),实验小鼠经胃灌注甜菜多糖,连续7d后处死,测定给药后小鼠脾脏及胸腺系数和腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬功能.[结果]甜菜多糖能提高小鼠免疫器官重量、巨噬细胞的吞噬功能.[结论]甜菜多糖具有免疫调节活性作用.     

Potential of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for soil health: A review

Soil health is an important component of “One Health”. Soils provide habitat to diverse and abundant organisms. Understanding microbial diversity and functions is essential for building healthy soils towards sustainable agriculture. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) form potentially symbiotic associations with approximately 80% of land plant species that are well recognized for carbon flux and nutrient cycling. In addition to disentangling the signaling pathways and regulatory mechanisms between the two partners, recent advances in hyphosphere research highlight some emerging roles of AMF and associated microbes in the delivery of soil functions. This paper reviews the contribution of AMF to soil health in agroecosystems, with a major focus on recent progress in the contribution of hyphosphere microbiome to nutrient cycling, carbon sequestration, and soil aggregation. The hyphosphere microbiome and fungal stimulants open avenues for developing new fertilizer formulas to promote AMF benefits. In practice, developing AMF-friendly management strategies will have long-term positive effects on sustainable agriculture aiming at simultaneously providing food security, increasing resource use efficiency, and maintaining environment integrity.     

Disentangling the contributions of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to soil multifunctionality

Soil multifunctionality represents a range of soil processes driven by the interactions between soil abiotic and biotic components. As a group of ubiquitous fungi that form mutualistic symbiotic associations with a vast array of terrestrial plants, arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi may play a critical role in maintaining soil multifunctionality, but the characteristics of their contributions remain to be unraveled. This mini review aims to disentangle the contributions of AM fungi to soil multifunctionality. We provide a framework of concepts about AM fungi making crucial contributions to maintaining multiple soil functions, including primary productivity, nutrient cycling, water regulation and purification, carbon and climate regulation, habitat for biodiversity, disease and pest control, and pollutant degradation and detoxification, via a variety of pathways, particularly contributing to soil and plant health. This review contends that AM fungi, as a keystone component of soil microbiome, can govern soil multifunctionality, ultimately promoting ecosystem services.     

山区特色农业现代化进程中政府职能研究

政府职能特别是其经济职能的行使是推进农业现代化的重要一环。山区拥有发展特色农业的自然优势,推进特色农业现代化经营是山区实现富民强农的重要途径,但从现实来看,我国山区特色农业现代化总体进程较为滞后。因此,如何科学地发挥政府作为并行使政府职能来推进山区特色农业快速现代化便成为一个重要的议题。文章以典型山区县——浙江省仙居县的杨梅产业发展为例,研究发现：政府在多个方面的作为直接加快了特色农业的现代化进程,而政府的观念引领职能、政策导向职能、科技支撑职能和改善交通职能等是山区特色农业现代化进程中四大关键且具有一般性意义的政府职能。     

高等植物中转化酶生理生化特性的研究进展

在高等植物中,转化酶是决定植物体内碳水化合物库组织分配的关键基因家族,在作物经济产量形成与果实品质改良中发挥重要作用。笔者综述了高等植物转化酶的种类、结构特征、代谢途径、生化特性、生理功能的研究现状,着重讨论不同类型转化酶生理生化特性与生理功能的差别。同时,简要介绍了笔者实验室在橡胶树胶乳转化酶基因克隆、表达调控、分离纯化和酶学特性研究上的最新进展。     

湖南省郴州市烤烟叶片发育过程中淀粉含量和差异分析

以云烟85为材料,对湖南省郴州市烤烟叶片发育过程中淀粉含量和差异分析作了研究。结果表明,淀粉含量在叶片发生的初期维持在一个较低的水平,然后迅速上升,部位间规律有较明显的差异。下部烟叶积累淀粉的主要时期是30～50d叶龄,在40d叶龄以前下部烟叶的淀粉的积累速度大于分解速度,烟叶中淀粉的积累速度小于分解速度。中部烟叶除了第8～10叶位的烟叶在30～50d叶龄时淀粉积累强度小于降解强度,其淀粉的积累强度基本上一直高于降解速度,最高时期是70～80d叶龄。上部烟叶在30d叶龄以前积累的淀粉量较少,30d叶龄以后,淀粉的积累迅速上升。对发育过程中烟叶的淀粉含量进行方差分析结果表明,不同叶龄和部位间均达到极显著水平。     

基于失地农民问题视角的政府职能网络构建

从政府对经济活动由不干预向强制干预转变、从强制干预经济活动转向放弃或减少干预、从对经济放弃干预或减少干预向适度干预迈进3个方面阐述了国外政府职能转变情况,探讨了国外政府在城镇化过程中的职能,具体体现在通过立法明确规定土地征用的主体、对象、目的及操作程序、核准公告、审批权限、补偿标准等。从以政治型政府调整为经济型政府、直接管理经济调整为间接管理经济、从经济型“全能型”政府调整为服务型“有限型”政府3个方面阐述了我国政府职能的调整状况;从开拓创新、合理利用土地补偿款和出台政策3个方面探讨了国内政府在失地农民市民化进程中的职能体现。针对我国失地农民市民化进程面临的问题,构建了满足失地农民需要的中央、区县、乡镇政府3级职能网络,并提出了相应的对策。