驱动圆盘犁的研究与设计

驱动圆盘犁对土堡侧面和底部的土壤进行旋转滑切,将土垡底部的土壤由沟底撕裂开形成土垡,并利用圆盘的旋转将土垡抬升并翻转.为此,以研究驱动圆盘犁为目标,分析了驱动圆盘犁各几何参数和工作参数对其工作过程的影响,为驱动圆盘犁的研制提供了可靠的理论依据.通过理论分析,阐明了驱动圆盘犁的运动学特性,推导了残耕高度的计算公式.     

灌溉水矿化度及盐分带入量对小麦相对产量影响的统计分析

在搜集、统计大量咸水灌溉试验资料的基础上,选取咸水充分灌溉条件下矿化度和小麦产量的完整对应数据103组,统计分析了灌溉水矿化度及单位面积盐分带入量对小麦相对产量的影响,结果表明,随着灌溉水矿化度的增加,小麦相对产量呈线性递减趋势,当矿化度大于1.0 g/L时,灌溉水矿化度每增加1 g/L,小麦减产约5.6%;与矿化度类似,随着单位面积盐分带入量的增加,小麦的相对产量也线性降低,盐分带入量每增加1000 kg/hm2,小麦的产量将减少约2%。进一步的检验结果显示,应用灌溉水矿化度及单位面积盐分带入量均可较为可靠地估算小麦的相对产量,估算相对误差基本可控制在16%以内。     

玉米品种更替过程中品种群体整齐度的变化

选用1950~2010年具有代表性的11个品种,设置4个种植密度,测定株高、穗位高、果穗长、穗粗、穗行数、行粒数指标的整齐度。结果表明,随着品种的更替,株高、穗位高、穗长、穗粗、穗行数、行粒数的整齐度明显提高,株高整齐度的提升最为突出。随着种植密度的提高,玉米的群体整齐度下降,现代品种对增密响应更加明显;同等密度条件下,现代品种的群体整齐度均高于早期品种。相关分析表明,玉米产量与株高、穗位高、穗长、穗粗、穗行数、行粒数性状的整齐度具有明显正相关关系。玉米产量提升过程与品种的群体整齐度同步,株高、穗位高整齐度是最为直观的评价指标,通过品种改良和种植技术的改进提高群体的整齐度是进一步提升产量的技术途径之一。     

杂交中稻分蘖期干旱对产量的影响及其缓解技术研究

以杂交中籼迟熟组合宜香优300和川谷优642为材料,在海南陵水旱季大田条件下,研究了分蘖期干旱处理对中籼迟熟杂交稻产量的影响及其缓解技术。结果表明,干旱会造成水稻减产,主要原因是有效穗数和穗粒数显著降低;干旱期间平均田间持水量可作为预测产量损失度的依据;分蘖期干旱处理下,稻谷产量随着施氮量和移栽密度的增加而增加,适当提高本田施氮水平和移栽密度,可显著降低分蘖期干旱的产量损失度。     

Inhibition study of red rice polyphenols on pancreatic α-amylase activity by kinetic analysis and molecular docking

This study sought to investigate the possible inhibition mechanism of red rice polyphenols (RRP) on pancreatic α-amylase (PA) activity. RRP showed strong inhibition against PA activity and the half-inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) value was 3.61 μg/mL. The fluorescence quenching of PA by RRP was a combination of static quenching and dynamic quenching. RRP could aggregate with PA and the physiochemical properties of the aggregates were closely related to the concentration of RRP. Kinetic analysis suggested that the inhibition mode of RRP on PA was reversible inhibition, which was a mixing of competitive inhibition and noncompetitive inhibition. Molecular docking speculated that RRP could form hydrogen bonds with PA by binding to the catalytic active sites (ASP197, GLU233 and ASP300) and the microenvironments of TRP58 and TRP59 were altered, thus inhibiting PA activity.     

金属表面处理用混合硅烷体系中硅烷水解度的测定

硅烷工作液的水解度数据可为建槽过程中浓缩液稀释倍数以及硅烷工作液循环利用研究提供重要依据。以双-（3-三甲氧基硅基丙基）胺（BAS）和乙烯基三乙酰氧基硅烷（VTAS）的混合体系为研究对象,异丙醇为内标物,采用气相色谱内标法对BAS/VTAS体系中两种硅烷的水解产物CH₃OH和CH₃COOH的浓度进行精确定量,并通过计算得到两种硅烷的水解度数据。该方法的有效性采用红外光谱法、极化曲线和CuSO₄点蚀法进行验证。结果表明：气相色谱法能够有效、快速地表征BAS/VTAS混合体系中两种硅烷的水解度,其结果可作为硅烷水解液性能评判的定量依据。     

微咸水微润灌溉下土壤水盐运移特性研究

为探明土壤水分和盐分在利用微咸水进行微润灌溉条件下的运移情况,采用室内土箱模拟试验方式,设置2.0、2.5、3.0、3.5、5.0 g/L 5种不同矿化度处理,以蒸馏水处理作对照,共入渗72 h。结果表明:入渗结束时在不同方向上的最大运移距离随矿化度增大呈先增大后减小趋势,在3.0 g/L处理下达到最大值,且微咸水处理的湿润锋运移距离均大于蒸馏水处理;将累积入渗量代入Kostiakov入渗公式,入渗系数随矿化度的增大呈先增大后减小趋势,入渗指数不断减小;土壤电导率以微润带为轴心向四周不断增大,在湿润锋处达到最大值,脱盐区与湿润体形状相关,呈圆环状分布;入渗结束后土壤剖面平均含盐量与蒸馏水处理之间无显著性差异,脱盐半径随矿化度的增大呈线性递减趋势;利用微润灌进行灌溉,土壤盐分存在表聚和底聚现象,且表层积盐更为严重。     

普通丝瓜褐变度概率分级与总酚的回归分析

为运用概率分级和回归分析方法揭示普通丝瓜褐变度与总酚含量之间的相互关系,从而建立普通丝瓜基于褐变度正态分布的分级标准,研究测定38份普通丝瓜的褐变度和总酚含量。采用X-1.2818S、X-0.5246S、X+0.5246S和X+1.2818S 4个点将丝瓜褐变度概率分为5级,即极低(1级)、低(2级)、中(3级)、高(4级)、极高(5级),并将其与总酚含量进行线性回归分析。普通丝瓜果肉褐变度变化范围为2.17~9.60,平均值为6.211,变异系数为29.77%,经K-S正态性检验符合正态分布,建立褐变度和总酚含量的线性回归方程y=3.559x-2.837,两者之间存在显著的线性关系。普通丝瓜果肉褐变度与总酚含量呈显著正相关。     

Responses of subshrub sagebrush rangeland in North-Western China to changes in livestock numbers and rainfall over 10 years (2004–2013)

Seriphidium transiliense, or subshrub sagebrush, is one of the most important forage resources for livestock in many arid lands, but such resources have been threatened by overgrazing for a long time. A 2013 vegetation survey of an original sagebrush rangeland (2400?ha) in the Tianshan Mountains revealed that nearly half of the area once under sagebrush has been replaced by annual species. This is due to the continual and rapid increase in livestock numbers over the past 30?years. Three smaller sites with different grazing scenarios: no grazing (Site N), a decline (Site 1), and an increase (Site 2) in livestock numbers, were selected to monitor recent changes (from 2004 to 2013) in vegetation biomass and the degree of dominance by sagebrush. Supplanting happened at Site 2 but little occurred at Site 1. There were significant differences between Site 2 and Site 1 in standing biomass in Spring and Summer, but no significant differences in Summer between Site 1 and Site N. The supplanting of sagebrush marks the completion of a dynamic process – in which rainfall plays a crucial role – of damage to sagebrush from heavy grazing in drought years and its rehabilitation by light grazing in some good years. Plant biomass loss was greatest when the land was first subjected to heavy grazing. Sagebrush tends to exist as a sole-dominant species rather than a companion species in sagebrush communities. This suggests that sagebrush continued to survive in pockets where grazing pressure had declined.     

基于蚁群算法的六自由度采摘机器人轨迹规划研究

在现代农业生产中,果蔬采摘作业复杂而繁重,采摘机器人在作业过程中常常需要经历成千上万个果蔬采摘点,面对这样巨大的工作量,采摘机器人移动路径规划显得非常重要。为此,以采摘机器人运动轨迹为研究对象,以其运动轨迹总长最短为研究目标,针对机器人各关节机构运动速度变化情况及机器人运动特性,利用基本蚁群原理对六自由度采摘机器人的路径进行规划。实验结果表明:所设计的采摘机器人轨迹优化技术不但路径优化能力强、运动轨迹平滑,还具有可靠性强及稳定性好的优点。