Efficacy of ivermectin controlled-release capsules for the control and prevention of nasal bot infestations in sheep

Objective To investigate the therapeutic and prophylactic efficacy of an ivermectin controlled-release capsule against nasal bots (Oestrus ovis) in sheep.
Design Trial 1 – A pen study with controls. Trial 2 – A field study with controls.
Animals Trial 1 – Forty Merino wethers with natural infestations of nasal bot were used. Trial 2 – One hundred nasal bot-free wethers were used.
Procedure Trial 1 – Ten randomly selected animals were slaughtered and the heads split and examined to confirm bot infestation. Fifteen animals were allocated to untreated controls and 15 to treatment with a controlled-release capsule delivering ivermectin at ≥ 20 μg/kg/day for 100 days. Twenty-nine days after treatment the sheep were killed and examined for nasal bots. Trial 2 – Nasal bot-free sheep were allocated to two groups of 45 animals. One group was untreated the other sheep were treated with capsules as above. The sheep were grazed as a single group exposed to natural challenge from O ovis . Ninety days after treatment the animals were slaughtered and examined for nasal bot infestation.
Results Trial 1 – Live O ovis larvae were recovered from 60% of control sheep. No live larvae were collected from treated sheep. Trial 2 – Forty-one percent of untreated sheep harbored nasal bot infestations. No live larvae were collected from any treated animal.
Conclusion Treatment with a single ivermectin controlled-release capsule was 100% effective against existing infestations of O ovis and as a prophylactic treatment for this parasite.     

Expression of low-density lipoprotein receptor after exposure to hepatocyte growth factor in human Tenon's capsule fibroblasts

AIM: To study the dynamic alteration of low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLr) expression after exposure to hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in human Tenon's capsule fibroblasts (HTFs).METHODS: HTFs were stimulated with HGF at different concentrations (0, 10, 20, 40, 80 and 160 μg/L) for 12, 24, and 48 h. The viability of HTFs was analyzed by MTT assay. The expression of LDLr at mRNA and protein levels were analyzed by real-time PCR and Western blot.RESULTS: The expression of LDLr at mRNA and protein levels was positively correlated with the viability of HTFs. HGF promoted the viability of HTFs in a time-and concentration-dependent manner. At the same time, HGF promoted the expression of LDLr in the same manner.CONCLUSION: Exposure of HTFs to HGF induces LDLr expression at high level, suggesting that over-expression of LDLr on the HTFs may be a target receptor for controlled drug delivery, particularly in anti-scarring therapy after glaucoma filtration surgery.     

"神蜂"牌J9311蜂胶囊抗癌作用试验研究

以J931 1蜂胶囊水溶液为样品 ,对小鼠进行了抑制S1 80 实体瘤 (小鼠肉瘤细胞系 )和H2 2 实体瘤 (小鼠肝癌细胞系 )试验以及成分合理性分析试验。试验结果显示 ,对于S1 80 实体瘤 ,J931 1蜂胶囊的有效抑瘤剂量范围是 :0 6g kg～ 4 8g kg。以0 3g kg、0 6g kg、1 2g kg为低、中、高剂量进行抑瘤试验显示 ,中、高剂量组小鼠瘤重明显降低 ,与对照组比较差异显著 (P <0 0 5 ,P <0 0 1 ) ;对于H2 2 实体瘤的有效抑瘤剂量范围是 :1 6g kg～ 6 0g kg ,重复试验差异性结果与S1 80 实体瘤相同。结果表明J931 1蜂胶囊具有抑制小鼠S1 80 和H2 2 实体瘤的作用。J931 1蜂胶囊成分合理性试验显示 ,J931 1蜂胶囊组分抑瘤效果显著优于单独成分及各成分二二组合 ,单独成分中蜂王浆和蜂胶起主要抑瘤作用 ,中药成分起辅助作用     

A cost-benefit analysis of pre- and post-lambing anthelmintic treatments to twin-bearing ewes on commercial farms in the southern North Island of New Zealand

Abstract

AIM: To conduct a cost-benefit analysis of the administration of anthelmintics to adult ewes around lambing.

METHODS: Production data from comparisons of different anthelmintic treatments with no treatment were used in a cost-benefit analysis. The data were from 14 trials (part of an experiment carried out on one farm in 1 year) conducted on sheep and beef farms (eight in 2011 and six in 2012) in the Wairarapa region of New Zealand. The cost structure involved the purchase price of products and the labour cost of administration. The four key benefits identified for the calculation of economic returns, relative to untreated ewes, were: increased value of ewes sold (culled) at weaning, additional lambs weaned related to ewe liveweight at mating, increased total weight of lamb weaned per ewe, and reduced number of ewes requiring removal of soiled wool at weaning due to a lower dag score. Commercial values for these variables as at December 2013 were used, with the measured production data, to calculate a net (NZ$) benefit for every treatment-trial combination.

RESULTS: The economic return on treating ewes around lambing with anthelmintics was highly variable and across all trials treatment resulted in a financial loss in 18/38 (47%) groups of ewes. The mean net benefit from pre-lambing administration of a controlled release capsule (CRC) containing albendazole and abamectin was 5.36 (95% CI=?2.64 to 13.35) $/ewe, but overall was not different from zero (p=0.171). A breakdown of the overall gross benefit into its various components showed that weight of lamb weaned per ewe had the largest influence (a mean benefit of $5.68/ewe), followed by ewe liveweight pre-mating ($2.45/ewe), ewe liveweight at weaning ($0.66/ewe) and reduced dag score ($0.15/ewe). Other anthelmintic treatments all showed highly variable responses amongst trials, with some negative cost-benefits. There was no significant difference between any of the treatments except a short-acting oral treatment at tail-docking had a lower net benefit than a CRC containing albendazole administered pre-lambing (p<0.05).

CONCLUSIONS: A positive financial return resulting from the anthelmintic treatment of adult ewes around lambing is neither consistent nor predictable, and is often not achieved. Given that the additional costs of accelerating the development of anthelmintic resistance were not included in these calculations, farmers need to consider carefully the merits of administering anthelmintics to ewes around lambing.     

舞毒蛾幼虫龄数和龄期的划分

为明确舞毒蛾Lymantria dispar幼虫龄数和龄期划分的形态依据,以室内饲养的来自内蒙古自治区、山西省、辽宁省、贵州省、云南省和四川省的亚洲型舞毒蛾种群以及亚洲型舞毒蛾和欧洲型舞毒蛾的杂交种群作为试验材料,收集每次蜕皮时掉落的头壳并测量其宽度和长度,绘制频数分布图后基于Dyar法则划定幼虫龄数和龄期,并利用Crosby生长法则和线性回归分析进行验证。结果显示,舞毒蛾幼虫头壳宽度和头壳长度的频次分布图可以划分为7个相对集中的区域,1~7龄幼虫的头壳宽度平均值分别为0.55、0.92、1.54、2.42、3.51、4.74和5.88 mm;1~7龄幼虫的头壳长度平均值分别为0.49、0.78、1.21、1.93、2.83、3.89和4.90 mm。幼虫头壳宽度和头壳长度的Crosby指数均小于10%,说明幼虫的头壳宽度和长度均可作为划分龄期的形态指标。在室内饲养过程中,只有小部分雌性舞毒蛾幼虫才能成长至7龄,全部的雄性幼虫和大部分雌性幼虫的龄期为6龄。1~7龄幼虫的众数龄期值分别为10.75、4.99、4.68、6.27、8.24、10.20和4.90 d,整个幼虫众数龄期为50.03 d。关键词：舞毒蛾     

正交试验优选复方沙棘和胃胶囊的提取工艺

目的：优化复方沙棘和胃胶囊的提取工艺。方法：以紫丁香苷含量和正丁醇浸出物为指标,采用L9（3^4）正交试验,优选最佳提取工艺条件。结果：影响提取工艺的因素依次为：提取次数〉提取时间〉加水量〉浸泡时间。最佳工艺条件为：加10倍量水,提取2次,提取总时间4h（2,2）,浸泡时间40min。结论：该工艺简便、可行,适合于工业生产;     

桉柠蒎软胶囊治疗儿童慢性鼻-鼻窦炎的疗效观察

目的 探讨桉柠蒎肠溶软胶囊治疗儿童慢性鼻-鼻窦炎（CRS）的临床疗效。方法 将CRS患儿120例随机分为对照组(克拉霉素+0.9％氯化钠溶液冲洗鼻腔+氨溴索口腔崩解片)和观察组(克拉霉素+0.9％氯化钠溶液冲洗鼻腔+桉柠蒎肠溶软胶囊)各60例,连续治疗12周,采用：(1)视觉模拟量表（VAS）评估其症状;(2)鼻内镜观察评估鼻腔病情;(3)鼻窦CT评价病变范围。结果 两组患儿经过8周治疗后,其症状VAS评分、鼻内镜评分均较治疗前明显下降（P<0.01）,两组间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;经过12周治疗,流涕、鼻塞、头痛及鼻内镜评分的组间比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;CT评分较治疗前明显下降（P<0.01）,组间比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;观察组总有效率显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。结论 桉柠蒎肠溶软胶囊联合克拉霉素内服治疗CRS方法简单、疗效好,值得临床推广。     

缓释技术在性信息素防治害虫中的应用

缓释技术在昆虫性信息素稳定均匀释放方面发挥重要的作用。本文总结了缓释技术在利用昆虫性信息素进行害虫防治过程中的应用现状、优缺点及发展前景。     

益肾调肝方治疗乳腺癌患者类更年期综合征肝肾阴虚证的临床研究

目的观察益肾调肝方对乳腺癌患者类更年期综合征证候群的治疗作用及安全性。方法将60例符合入选标准的乳腺癌患者,随机分为治疗组和对照组。治疗组予益肾调肝方口服,对照组予更年安胶囊口服。比较两组病人更年期综合征症状积分、临床主症症状积分、生活质量、雌激素水平、卵泡刺激素水平以及药物不良反应等指标。结果治疗组与对照组在治疗后更年期综合征症状、临床主症、生活质量改善方面均优于治疗前(P<0.05),但治疗组效果优于对照组(P<0.05);治疗组在临床主症的改善方面以潮热汗出、烦躁易怒尤为明显,改善率分别为96.67%和93.33%;两组患者治疗前后雌激素及卵泡刺激素水平均无明显变化(P>0.05)。两组治疗前后白细胞、血小板、血红蛋白计数比较均无统计学差异(P>0.05),两组均未出现明显肝肾功能、心电图方面异常。结论益肾调肝方治疗乳腺癌合并类更年期综合征疗效肯定,无明显不良反应。 更多还原