慢肝养阴胶囊挥发性成分的分析

分析慢肝养阴胶囊中挥发性成分。采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取挥发性成分并通过气相色谱-质谱联用技术进行分析。通过检索NIST08标准质谱图库鉴定出59种成分,占总量的83．16％。含量较多的3个化合物分别是8,9-去氢-9-甲酰基-环异长叶烯（7．0％）、棕榈酸乙酯（5．9％）和4,8,13-杜法三烯-1,3-二醇（5．7％）。慢肝养阴胶囊挥发性成分主要为萜类和酯类,占总成分的61．83％。     

Production benefits from pre- and post-lambing anthelmintic treatment of ewes on commercial farms in the southern North Island of New Zealand

Abstract

AIMS: To measure the magnitude and variability in production responses to anthelmintic treatments administered to adult ewes around lambing.

METHODS: Ewes carrying twin lambs, from sheep and beef farms (eight in Year 1 and six in Year 2) in the Wairarapa region of New Zealand, were enrolled in 14 trials (part of an experiment carried out on one farm in one year). Experiment 1 compared ewes treated 2–4?weeks pre-lambing with a controlled release capsule (CRC) containing abamectin, albendazole, Se and Co, to ewes injected pre-lambing with a long-acting Se plus vitamin B₁₂ product, and to untreated ewes. Experiment 2 included these treatments, plus a CRC administered at pregnancy scanning. Experiment 3 included the same treatments as Experiment 1, plus administration of a CRC containing albendazole, Se and Co, injectable moxidectin or oral derquantel plus abamectin, all administered pre-lambing, or oral derquantel plus abamectin administered 4–6?weeks after lambing. Variables compared were ewe liveweight at weaning and pre-mating, lamb liveweight at weaning, total weight of lamb weaned per ewe and ewe dag score at weaning.

RESULTS: Ewes treated with a CRC pre-lambing were heavier than untreated ewes (mean 3.2?kg) at weaning in 12/14 trials, and pre-mating (mean 2.8?kg) in 9/14 trials (p<0.001). Compared with mineral-treated ewes the mean difference was 2.8?kg pre-lambing (9/14 trials) and 1.7?kg pre-weaning (6/14 trials). Lambs reared by treated ewes were heavier (mean 1.55?kg) at weaning in 6/14 trials (p<0.001), but there was no effect of CRC treatment on total weight of lambs weaned per ewe (p=0.507). Variation in weight of lamb weaned per ewe was largely explained by differences in lamb survival from birth to weaning (p<0.001), with no effect of CRC treatment (p>0.65).

Treatment of ewes with a CRC at pregnancy scanning was neither better nor worse than a pre-lambing treatment (p=0.065).

There was no difference in the response from treatment with either of the two CRC or moxidectin. Treatment with short-acting oral anthelmintics resulted in no consistent benefit.

CONCLUSIONS: Anthelmintic treatments administered to ewes around lambing resulted in variable responses between farms and years, which in some trials were negative for some variables, and some of the variability was due to the mineral component of the CRC. The widespread perception amongst farmers and veterinarians that anthelmintic treatment of ewes around lambing will always result in positive benefits is not supported.     

高含量二甲戊灵微囊悬浮剂物理稳定性的影响因素及优化

采用界面聚合法制备了500 g/L的二甲戊灵微囊悬浮剂;考察了乳化剂和囊壁材料的质量分数、固化温度、分散剂和黏度调节剂等对微囊平均粒径、包封率、分散状态和物理稳定性的影响;通过红外光谱（FT-IR）表征了微囊的包封情况。结果表明:随着4,4’-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯（MDI）质量分数的增加,微囊的包封率逐渐增大;当MDI的质量分数为3.0%~4.0%时,可制备出包封率大于87.0%、载药量约为82.0%的微囊;当EL-40（蓖麻油聚氧乙烯醚）的质量分数为1.0%和3.0%时,平均粒径分别为15.5和4.00 μ m,热贮析水率分别为25.1%和1.73%;在固化温度为40、50和60℃下制备的样品,热贮（54 ℃±2 ℃,14 d）后分别表现为团聚严重,轻微粘连和保持良好形貌、囊间无粘连;当采用相对分子质量为1.0×104~1.2×104、磺化度0.85 mmol/g的木质素磺酸钠,且其质量分数为3.0%时,制剂的析水率（热贮）仅为4.76%,粒子间无粘连,囊形圆滑;黄原胶和硅酸镁铝配伍使用可明显提高制剂的贮存稳定性,当黄原胶的质量分数为0.07%、硅酸镁铝的质量分数为1.0%时,热贮析水率仅为2.12%,而且流动性良好;FT-IR结果表明,二甲戊灵原药大部分被包封于微囊中,且其在1 248和1 322 cm-1处硝基的吸收峰向低波段移动,变为1 231和1 307 cm-1。     

盐酸沙拉沙星胶囊在蚕体内的药物动力学研究

[目的]研究盐酸沙拉沙星胶囊在蚕体内的药物代谢动力学特征。[方法]采用微生物法测定家蚕食下不同浓度的盐酸沙拉沙星胶囊后不同时间血液中的药物含量。[结果]分别给5龄家蚕添食51、02、0 mg/kg盐酸沙拉沙星后,AIC值分别为-37.72547、11.076 95和27.447 15,拟合度良好;主要药动学参数吸收速率常数ka分别为0.835、0.8200、.653 h-1,达峰时间Tmax分别为2.8872、.7372、.765 h,最高血药浓度Cmax分别为3.9106、.609、11.032μg/ml。蚕食盐酸沙拉沙星后蚕体内的血药浓度-时间曲线符合一级吸收一室开放式模型,盐酸沙拉沙星在蚕体内吸收迅速、达峰时间短（2.8 h左右）,最高血药浓度与添食剂量成正比、消除半衰期较短的药物代谢动力学特征,适合日内多次给药。[结论]该研究为制定蚕病的临床合理用药方案提供了药物动力学依据。     

基于卷积块注意力胶囊网络的小样本水稻害虫识别

针对真实复杂背景下小样本水稻害虫识别模型泛化能力弱,易受复杂背景干扰以及重要特征表达能力不强等问题,提出了 一种基于卷积块注意力胶囊网络的小样本水稻害虫识别方法.采用数据增强的方法扩充数据,以提高模型的泛化能力同时预防过拟合;利用GrabCut算法去除图像中的复杂背景,减小复杂背景对水稻害虫识别的干扰;将空间注意机制和...     

几种农药防治花生蛴螬的田间药效评价

利用播种期拌种和撒毒土的方法,开展了5种农药对花生田蛴螬的田间药效评价。试验结果表明,几种毒死蜱药剂对蛴螬的防治效果为61.95%~86.39%,以毒·辛30%微囊悬浮剂防治效果(86.39%)最好,吡虫·毒死蜱30%微囊悬浮剂(79.74%)次之,毒死蜱5%颗粒剂防治效果(61.59%)最低。从不同剂型防治蛴螬的效果来看,微囊悬浮剂显著好于颗粒剂。几种毒死蜱药剂对花生均有增产效果,分别较对照增产11.60%~21.65%,其中毒·辛30%微囊悬浮剂处理的产量最高(3 539.823kg/hm2),毒·辛8%颗粒剂、吡虫·毒死蜱30%微囊悬浮剂、毒死蜱15%颗粒剂增产效果相当,毒死蜱5%颗粒剂增产最低。在花生蛴螬的防治中,应该逐年提升毒死蜱微囊悬浮剂的使用面积。     

CT小肠成像和胶囊内镜检查在不明原因消化道出血诊断中的临床价值研究

目的 探讨CT小肠成像(CTE)和胶囊内镜(CE)在不明原因消化道出血(OGIB)诊断中的作用及其价值。方法 比较研究CTE和CE在40例OGIB患者中检查结果,并最终应用手术病理结果与之进行对照。结果 CTE的诊断阳性率为45.0％(18/40),而CE的诊断阳性率高达70.0％(28/40),两者结果差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。而CE和CTE两者的联合诊断阳性率高达72.5％(29/40),与单纯进行CE检查相比,其结果差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);而同单纯行CTE检查相比,其结果差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。结论 对OGIB的诊断,单纯行CE检查的诊断阳性率显著高于单纯行CTE检查(P＜0.05),两者联合检查的诊断阳性率较CE略有提高,但差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),但鉴于CE和CTE具有互补性,在临床实践中对OGIB同时进行CE和CTE检查是有必要的。     

苏黄止咳胶囊治疗风邪犯肺型感冒后咳嗽疗效观察

目的 观察苏黄止咳胶囊治疗风邪犯肺型感冒后咳嗽的临床疗效。方法 将感冒后咳嗽的患者63例,随机分成治疗组32例和对照组31例。对照组口服复方甘草片治疗,治疗组口服中成药苏黄止咳胶囊治疗,观察两组患者的咳嗽等症状缓解情况及治疗效果。结果 两组患者治疗前和治疗后咳嗽积分的组内比较以及治疗后组间的比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）;治疗组的临床总有效率达93.8%,对照组总有效率为74.2%,两组间差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 苏黄止咳胶囊治疗风邪犯肺型感冒后咳嗽,能明显缓解咳嗽等临床症状,具有很好的临床疗效,适合门诊应用。     

抗菌消炎胶囊中知母薄层鉴别方法的改进

[目的]改进抗菌消炎胶囊中知母的薄层鉴别方法。[方法]以知母阴性、菝葜皂苷元为对照品,采用不同展开溶剂系统进行薄层色谱鉴别。[结果]改进后方法薄层色谱斑点清晰,重现性好,专属性好,阴性对照无干扰。[结论]改进后的方法快捷简便、重复性好、毒性小,可作为抗菌消炎胶囊中知母的鉴别方法。