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分析了中国热带森林的分布、类型和特点。中国热带林业的几个基本数据:热带有林地总面积为1125.66万hm2;热带林分面积为1074.49万hm2;热带天然林总面积为607.38万hm2;热带人工林总面积为467.11万hm2;热带林木总蓄积为6.6亿m3。中国热带森林面积在世界各国中约占第18位。并针对中国热带森林的特点.提出了中国热带森林的经营对策。 相似文献
55.
Forest vegetation of Xishuangbanna, south China 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
Zhu Hua 《中国林学(英文版)》2006,8(2):1-58
1 Introduction The tropical area of southern China is climatically and biogeographically located at the northern edge of tropical Asia, including southeastern Xizang (Tibet, lower valleys of the southern Himalayas), southern Yunnan, southwestern Guangxi, southern Taiwan and Hainan Island. The largest tropical area still covered by forests is in southern Yunnan. Tropical forests of southern Yunnan were little known until the late 1950s because of poor access except for some brief descrip-… 相似文献
56.
2001年旱季,用Li 6400便携式光合测定仪对尖峰岭热带山地雨林下层乔木中华厚壳桂主要光合生理生态因子进行了初步测定,结果显示:冠层不同部位叶片的净光合速率无明显差异;中华厚壳桂具有较低的光饱和点(800μmol·m-2·s-1)、光补偿点(15~20μmol·m-2·s-1)和最大光合速率(≤7μmolCO2·m-2·s-1)等耐荫性光合特性,并且缺乏对高光强改变的光合调节能力,但对光斑却有快速的光合响应能力;短期内高CO2浓度会使其光合速率增加,但对气孔导度和蒸腾作用却有抑制作用;在光合最适温度范围内,温度的升高将明显促进光合作用,温度升高4℃能够使其净光合速率平均提高1 6倍,但一旦超过此范围,温度的升高却将抑制光合作用的进行。在自然条件下净光合速率与光照、温度、CO2浓度及气孔导度并无明显的相关关系,而在控制条件下却呈显著的曲线相关。 相似文献
57.
西双版纳人工雨林土壤温度变化规律 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以旷地、单层橡胶林及自然雨林作为对照,分析了人工雨林土壤温度及土壤热通量的日、年变化规律。结果表明:(1)土壤温波振幅减小幅度表现为旷地>单层橡胶林>人工雨林>自然雨林,位相滞后则是旷地<单层橡胶林<人工雨林<自然雨林。(2)地面最高温度表现为旷地>单层橡胶林>人工雨林>自然雨林,地面最低温度相反,以自然雨林最高,旷地最低。(3)土壤热通量的绝对值以旷地>单层橡胶林>人工雨林,而位相依次滞后 相似文献
58.
根据5a定位观测,对尖峰岭热带山地雨林更新林生态系统的水文化学循环规律的数据分析表明,年均降雨量为2668.3mm,其中总径流量占46.7%,蒸散量53.3%,冠层截留量14.0%。N、P、K、Ca、Mg的年均降雨输入量为78.4kg/(hm2·a),总径流输出56.7kg/(hm2·a),净积累21.6kg/(hm2·a);Si、有机C、Al、Mn的年均降雨输入量为25.0kg/(hm2·a),总径流输出为112.3kg/(hm2·a),净损失87.3kg/(hm2·a),更新林系统仅处于更新进展过程中,同时证实了冠层对降水化学的淋溶效应,净淋溶系数达4.11;提出了降雨、林内净降雨、总径流的各水化学物含量与其相应水量的回归模式 相似文献
59.
E. T. Craswell A. Sajjapongse D. J. B. Howlett A. J. Dowling 《Agroforestry Systems》1997,38(1-3):121-137
Steeply sloping lands are widespread in the tropics. An estimated 500 million people practice subsistence agriculture in these
marginal areas. Continued population growth has led to the intensified cultivation of large areas of the sloping lands, exacerbating
the problem of soil erosion. Although research shows that alley cropping and other contour agroforestry systems can stabilize
the sloping lands, these systems have not been widely adopted by farmers.
The Framework for Evaluating Sustainable Land Management (FESLM) has been tested in sloping land areas in the Philippines.
Sustainable land management must be productive, stable, viable, and acceptable to farmers, while protecting soil and water
resources. Farms on which contour hedgerow intercropping has been adopted meet the multifaceted requirements of FESLM, whereas
the farmers' current practice does not. Appropriate land management measures for particular locations depend on a complex
suite of social, economic, and biophysical factors, and need to be developed in participation with farmers.
The role of agroforestry in sustainable management of sloping lands is the subject of networks coordinated by the International
Board for Soil Research and Management (IBSRAM) in seven countries in Asia (ASIALAND) and four countries in the Pacific (PACIFICLAND).
We review selected outcomes from a wealth of network data. From these results the following conclusions about the sustainability
of various agroforestry systems for sloping lands can be drawn:
• In the Pacific, soil loss from sloping lands due to water erosion under farmers' current practices is episodic, unpredictable,
and possibly not severe;
• Agroforestry systems that utilize legume shrubs, fruit trees, coffee (Coffea spp.) or rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) provide
useful economic returns, but are not an essential component in terms of soil protection because grass or pineapple (Ananas
comosus) planted on the contour are equally effective in reducing erosion;
• Agricultural intensification will lead to nutrient mining, reduction of aboveground biomass, declining yields, and less
soil protection unless external sources of nutrients are used;
• nitrogen can be effectively supplied using legumes;
• Cash derived from hedgerow trees and/or shrubs may providean incentive for their adoption by farmers, as well as funds to
purchase external inputs such as fertilizers;
• Labor may be a major constraint to the adoption of complex agroforestry systems.
We also discuss the information management systems required to effectively manage and utilize the extensive sets of experimental
and indigenous data being accumulated. We believe such information systems can facilitate technology transfer across and between
regions, and improve the efficiency of research into agroforestry and other land-management approaches.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
60.
Chikaya Sakai Atok Subiakto Hani Sitti Nuroniah Naoto Kamata Koji Nakamura 《Journal of Forest Research》2002,7(2):73-80
We developed a vegetative propagation system for mass-producing three dipterocarps species,Shorea selanica Bl.,Shorea leprosula Mig., andShorea platyclados Sloot. This system uses fog evaporative cooling inside a greenhouse to reduce the leaf-to-air vapor pressure deficit (leaf-to-air
VPD) inside the propagator, even under high irradiance conditions. This cooling method has no negative influence on medium
conditions such as overwetting. A plastic tent propagator combined with this cooling method was used for vegetative propagation
experiments. In mass-production experiments, the annual rooting percentages from the cuttings were low in the first 2 years
(1997–1998) due to operational problems of the tent propagator (S. selanica, 48–51%;S. leprosula, 56–59%;S. platyclados: 50–63%). A hard cover propagator improved the rooting percentages in the mass-production experiments in 1999 because it
made operations easier (S. selanica, 70%;S. leprosula, 77%;S. platyclados, 77%). This system, which uses a combination of fog evaporative cooling and a hard plastic propagator, should be useful for
the mass propagation of these dipterocarp planting stocks.
This study was carried out under a joint project of the Ministry of Forestry, Indonesia and Komatsu Ltd. The project was supported
by Research Association for Reforestation of Tropical Forest (RETROF) organized by Japanese Forestry Agency. 相似文献