植物甘油三酸酯油及其衍生物在聚合物领域的应用

综述了天然甘油三酸酯油及其衍生物在聚合物领域的研究与开发动态、重点研究内容、开发途径及应用前景.指出了天然甘油三酸酯油及其衍生物应用于聚合物领域时存在的问题及发展方向.     

二氢吡啶对产蛋鸡的作用效果及机理研究

１０２４羽罗曼蛋鸡随机分４组,分别饲喂二氢吡啶添加量为０,１００,１５０,２００ｍｇ／ｋｇ的４种饲粮,结果表明：二氢吡啶可以显著地改进蛋鸡的产蛋性能,其中添加１５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ效果最佳,产蛋率提高了１１．０８％,料蛋比降低了１０．３６％．蛋重随日粮中二氢吡啶递增呈上升趋势．二氢吡啶使血清尿酸含量显著降低（ｐ＜０．０５）;二氢吡啶使血清Ｃａ浓度、Ｐ浓度下降（ｐ＜０．０５）,具有降低破蛋和异常蛋的作用（ｐ＜０．０５）;二氢吡啶可促进浓蛋白和蛋黄的合成（ｐ＜０．０５）,降低蛋黄中胆固醇的含量;添加二氢吡啶还显著地提高了脂肪酶活性（ｐ＜０．０５）,降低了血清甘油三酯和总胆固醇含量（ｐ＜０．０１）,降低腹脂率和肝脏中脂肪含量（ｐ＜０．０１）,防止脂肪肝的发生;二氢吡啶还可以提高血清超氧化物岐化酶活力（ｐ＜０．０１）,对血清ＧＰＴ与ＧＯＴ无明显影响,因而具有保护生物膜的作用．     

固体超强酸催化合成中碳链甘油酯试验研究

进行自制固体超强酸催化剂催化合成中碳链甘油酯试验,讨论其适宜的合成条件。试验结果表明:用固体超强酸SO42-/AxBy催化合成中碳链甘油酯效果显著,当反应时间为5 h、温度180℃、催化剂剂量为0.7%时催化效果最佳,得到的中碳链甘油酯的酸值为0.56 mg KOH/g,产品为无色。     

FSTL1基因促进猪前体脂肪细胞分化成脂的机制

【目的】构建猪FSTL1基因过表达载体和RNAi载体,探究FSTL1基因对猪前体脂肪细胞分化成脂的作用及机制。【方法】通过构建FSTL1基因过表达载体和RNAi载体,在猪前体脂肪细胞中过表达、干扰FSTL1基因并诱导其分化,测定细胞中甘油三酯含量以及脂肪细胞分化相关调节基因的m RNA表达量。【结果】成功克隆得到猪FSTL1基因c DNA序列,其开放阅读框全长924 bp,并将序列提交到GenBank,登录号为KF021281。成功构建猪FSTL1基因的过表达载体pcDNA3.1-FSTL1和RNAi载体pSilencer4.1-491以及pSilencer4.1-530。过表达FSTL1基因促进了猪前体脂肪细胞中甘油三酯生成,干扰FSTL1基因抑制了猪前体脂肪细胞中甘油三酯的生成。FSTL1在猪前体脂肪细胞中使PPARγ2和AP2基因表达分别上调了73%和113%,使LPL、 Adiponectin和FASN等基因表达分别下调了44%、79%和16%。【结论】FSTL1基因通过上调PPARγ2和AP2基因,下调LPL、Adiponectin及FASN基因的表达,促进猪前体脂肪细胞的分化,提高猪前体脂肪细胞中甘油三酯的含量。     

Pancreatic triglyceride lipase is involved in the virulence of the brown planthopper to rice plants

The brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens, an important rice insect pest, can enhance its virulence to BPH-resistant rice within as short a span as several generations. Here, we cloned a pancreatic triglyceride lipase (PTL) gene (NlPTL) in N. lugens, and found that its mRNA level was higher in the high virulence population (fed on variety Rathu Heenati, P-RH) than in the low virulence population (fed on variety Taichung Native 1, P-TN1). Knocking down NlPTL caused BPH individuals to spend more time in non-penetration and the pathway phases and less time feeding on the phloem of rice plants; these changes consequently decreased food intake, lipid content, survival rate, and fecundity in the insects. These findings reveal for the first time that PTL in BPH is involved in its virulence to rice plants.     

蛋氨酸对体外培养奶牛乳腺上皮细胞泌乳能力的影响

研究蛋氨酸与乳蛋白合成及乳腺泌乳能力的关系。建立体外培养的奶牛乳腺上皮细胞模型,采用高效液相色谱法、实时荧光定量PCR、细胞活力分析仪、甘油三酯试剂盒检测不同浓度蛋氨酸(0、0.2、0.4、0.8、1.2、1.6mmol/L)对体外培养24h的奶牛乳腺上皮细胞泌乳的影响。结果表明,蛋氨酸在1.2mmol/L时对体外培养的奶牛乳腺上皮细胞增殖的促进作用最明显,乳糖分泌量最高,β-酪蛋白mRNA表达量最高且甘油三酯合成最多(P<0.01)。     

应用Triton WR-1339测定山羊肝脏脂肪分泌量的方法研究

TritonWR 1339(TWR ,一种非离子型的表面活性剂 )能抑制血浆脂蛋白的降解 ,被广泛用于测定实验动物肝脏脂肪分泌入血液的分泌率。试验拟通过研究不同剂量TWR对采食山羊血脂浓度的影响建立测定肝脂分泌率所需的TWR剂量及测定时间。选用 4头 3月龄、平均体重 15kg的莎能山羊 ,按 4× 4拉丁方设计 ,分别从颈静脉按TWR 0、2 0 0、40 0和 6 0 0mg/kg体重剂量注射含 2 0 %TWR的生理盐水 (0剂量组只注射生理盐水 )。每期过渡 4d ,预试 2d ,正试 4d。每只羊在注射TWR之前及注射后 3、6、9、12、2 4、36、48、72和 96h从颈静脉采血 ,测定血浆甘油三酯含量。结果表明 ,从第 3h起 ,注射TWR羊的甘油三酯含量均极显著高于注射生理盐水的山羊 (P <0 0 1) ,从第 2 4h起 ,不同注射剂量间的血浆甘油三酯浓度差异显著 (P <0 0 1) ;注射剂量为 2 0 0、40 0和 6 0 0mg/kg的山羊 ,血浆甘油三酯浓度分别在注射后 12、36和 48h前随时间的延长而呈线性增加 ,此后增速减缓 ,到达最大值后逐渐下降。根据血浆甘油三酯浓度呈线性增加的回归方程 ,计算出采食山羊肝脂分泌率为 0 71mg/(min·kg体重 )。在甘油三酯保持线性增加的时间区域内 ,Triton的注射剂量不影响测定结果。高剂量TWR对山羊有一定副作用 ,但不影响测定结果。研究表     

Serum Lipids and Lipoproteins in Clinically Healthy Male Camels (Camelus dromedarius)

Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein of 87 Iranian male dromedary camels of different age groups (<3, 3–5, 5–6 and 6–8 years). Variations in the serum concentrations of cholesterol, triglyceride, total lipid, very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL-cholesterol), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-cholesterol) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL-cholesterol) were investigated. The concentrations of cholesterol, triglyceride, total lipid, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and VLDL-cholesterol in the different age groups were significantly different (p<0.05). With an increase in the age of the animals, there were highly significant increases in the cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol and VLDL-cholesterol concentrations, whereas the concentration of LDL-cholesterol decreased (p<0.001).     

应用Triton WR-1339测定不同日粮产蛋鸡血脂分泌量方法的研究

Triton WR-1339(TWR)能抑制血清脂蛋白的降解,被广泛用于测定实验动物肝脂分泌量。试验拟研究翅静脉注射TWR对不同日粮饲养的绝食产蛋鸡血液脂肪(血脂)分泌量的影响,建立所需的测定时间。选用24周龄、平均体重1.5kg已饲喂基础日粮和添加4.0%α-亚麻酸(ALA)日粮2周的罗曼粉壳产蛋鸡,按2因子试验设计,分别从翅静脉注射4mL生理盐水或TWR250mg/kg体重。饥饿12h后正试12h。在注射TWR前及注射后0.5、1、2、4、6、8、10h和12h从翅静脉采血,测定血清甘油三酯(TG)含量。结果表明:普通日粮注射TWR后从6h起TG显著高于注射生理盐水的蛋鸡(P<0.05),添加ALA日粮注射TWR蛋鸡则从8h后,TG极显著高于注射生理盐水的蛋鸡(P<0.01)。采食产蛋鸡血脂分泌量分别为:普通日粮0.1181mmol/(min·kg体重),添加ALA日粮0.1070mmol/(min·kg体重)。     

Effect of dietary Rhodobacter capsulatus on cholesterol, triglycerides concentration, and meat quality of finishing pigs

The study was designed to investigate the effect of Rhodobacter capsulatus on serum and meat cholesterol, fatty acid composition in meat, as well as meat quality of finishing pigs. A total of 16 120-day-old Landrace female pigs of about 60 kg initial body weight were randomly assigned into two groups. The pigs were fed a supplemented diet with 0.04% dietary R. capsulatus or a control diet for 60 days. Total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol concentration in serum was significantly lowered ( P  < 0.05) in the pigs fed the R. capsulatus supplemented diet compared to the control diet. Carcass weight, carcass length, shoulder fat, back fat and loin fat thickness, longissimus muscle (LM) area, and color score did not differ significantly between the pigs fed the R. capsulatus supplemented diet and control diet. Among the nutrient composition of LM meat, neutral fat and triglyceride concentration were significantly ( P  < 0.05) reduced in the finishing pigs by dietary supplementation of R. capsulatus . The proportions of n-6 PUFA were higher ( P  < 0.05) in the pigs fed the R. capsulatus supplemented diet than in the pigs fed the control diet. The supplementation of dietary R. capsulatus to finishing pig diet played important roles in reducing serum cholesterol and meat triglycerides, as well as in increasing polyunsaturated fatty acid content in LM meat.