An evaluation of fresh gas flow rates for spontaneously breathing cats and small dogs on the Humphrey ADE semi‐closed breathing system

ObjectiveTo evaluate the fresh gas flow (FGF) rate requirements for the Humphrey ADE semi-closed breathing system in the Mapleson A mode; to determine the FGF at which rebreathing occurs, and compare the efficiency of this system to the Bain (Mapleson D) system in spontaneously breathing cats and small dogs.Study DesignProspective clinical study.AnimalsTwenty-five healthy (ASA score I or II) client-owned cats and dogs (mean ± SD age 4.7 ± 5.0 years, and body weight 5.64 ± 3.26 kg) undergoing elective surgery or minor procedures.MethodsAnaesthesia was maintained with isoflurane delivered via the Humphrey ADE system in the A mode using an oxygen FGF of 100 mL kg⁻¹ minute⁻¹. The FGF was then reduced incrementally by 5–10 mL kg⁻¹minute⁻¹ at approximately five-minute intervals, until rebreathing (inspired CO₂ >5 mmHg (0.7 kPa)) was observed, after which flow rates were increased. In six animals, once the minimum FGF at which rebreathing occurred was found, the breathing system was changed to the Bain, and the effects of this FGF delivery examined, before FGF was increased.ResultsRebreathing did not occur at the FGF recommended by the manufacturer for the ADE. The mean ± SD FGF that resulted in rebreathing was 60 ± 20 mL kg⁻¹minute⁻¹. The mean minimum FGF at which rebreathing did not occur with the ADE was 87 ± 39 mL kg⁻¹minute⁻¹. This FGF resulted in significant rebreathing (inspired CO₂ 8.8 ± 2.6 mmHg (1.2 ± 0.3 kPa)) on the Bain system.ConclusionsThe FGF rates recommended for the Humphrey ADE are adequate to prevent rebreathing in spontaneously breathing cats and dogs <15 kg.Clinical relevanceThe Humphrey ADE system used in the A mode is a more efficient alternative to the Bain system, for maintenance of gaseous anaesthesia in spontaneously breathing cats and small dogs.     

BMGK-1型微计算机木材干燥监控系统的研制

本文就微计算机技术在木材干燥生产过程控制中的应用,作了理论和技术方面的分析。同时对研制成功的BMGK-1型微计算机木材于燥监控系统的软硬件结构、原理及技术经济性能进行了全面的论述。 本系统能与我国现有各类木材干燥设备配套使用,并可以提高生产效率、保证干燥质量、减轻工人劳动强度,节约能源效果显著。工业试验表明:与人工控制相比,平均节约工时10％以上。     

Effects of dissolved carbon dioxide on the integrity of the rumen epithelium: An agent in the development of ruminal acidosis

The carbon dioxide released and dissolved in rumen fluid may easily permeate across the epithelial cell membrane. Thus, we hypothesized that CO₂ may act as proton carrier and induce epithelial damage under acidotic conditions. Ovine ruminal epithelia were mounted in Ussing chambers under short‐circuit conditions. The serosal buffer solution had a constant pH of 7.4 and was gassed either with 100% oxygen or with carbogen (95% O₂/5% CO₂). The mucosal solution was gassed with either 100% oxygen or 100% carbon dioxide. The mucosal pH was lowered stepwise from 6.6 to 5.0 in the presence or absence of short‐chain fatty acids (SCFA). The transepithelial conductance (G_t) as an indicator of epithelial integrity and the short‐circuit current (I_sc) as an indicator of active electrogenic ion transfer were continuously monitored. At an initial mucosal pH of 6.6, there was no significant difference in G_t between the treatment groups. In the absence of both SCFA and CO₂, G_t remained constant when the mucosal solution was acidified to pH 5.0. In the presence of SCFA, mucosal acidification induced a significant rise in G_t when the solutions were gassed with oxygen. A small increase in G_t was observed in the mucosal presence of CO₂. However, no difference in final G_t was observed between SCFA‐containing and SCFA‐free conditions under carbon dioxide gassing during stepwise mucosal acidification. The SCFA+proton‐induced increase in G_t could also be minimized by serosal gassing with carbogen. Because of the SCFA+proton‐induced changes in G_t and their attenuation by CO₂, a protective role for mucosally available carbon dioxide may be assumed. We suggest that this effect may be due to the intraepithelial conversion of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate. However, the serosal presence of CO₂ at a physiological concentration may be sufficient to protect the epithelia from SCFA+proton‐induced damage for a certain period of time.     

基于压电效应的简易型细胞力学测试仪

针对传统的细胞力学研究方法的非无损性,不能对细胞力学参数连续、长期监测的特点,研制出一种基于石英晶体压电效应的简易型细胞力学测试仪。该测试仪以STM32 103C8 为核心,设计有石英晶体在液相环境下的起振电路、稳定振荡电路,采用了频率/电压转换电路。系统实现了对石英晶体频率变化的高精度采集,对与传感器耦合的界面层（细胞）的质量、粘弹性和表面应力多参数敏感,能对细胞黏附过程和细胞力学性能进行动态监测。通过整机在细胞培养液环境下的实验,验证了测试仪系统的可行性与稳定性。     

电控发动机喷油驱动电路的波形分析及其在故障诊断中的应用

通过对喷油驱动电路的波形测试来介绍波形分析的一般方法,并通过故障诊断实例来反映波形分析法诊断汽车故障的优越性。     

汽车启动系电路仿真教学软硬件开发研究

针对高职院校在汽车专业、汽车电器课程教学过程中,对电器系统部件工作原理与电路检修实践技能的掌握理解困难等诸多因素不能较好地解决教、学与研究的矛盾,本文以汽车启动系电路为例,就汽车电器仿真教学软硬件进行了开发研究与探讨。     

新型"中型开放回流呼吸测热装置"研制报告

为满足畜禽能量物质代谢科研领域进一步深入发展要求,对国际上已被广泛应用的传统"开放回流"呼吸测热装置进行了工艺技术改进,于2005年自行设计并采用国产有关仪器仪表和自行加工等部件,研制组装一台技术工艺较为先进的中型开放回流呼吸测热装置。采用电动系统(各种传感器)与微机相结合的方法,使该装置基本达到全部自动控制水平。可以测得在实验期间全程(在线)或各不同阶段(单项)的气体交换及能量代谢等多项内容指标与结果。     

一种土壤湿度传感器的研制

针对目前国内外土壤湿度传感器价格昂贵的现状,研制了一种轻便、响应快和经济的阻抗式土壤湿度传感器。介绍了土壤湿度传感器设计原理和材料选择,设计制作了探针传感器;用LM324四运放集成电路设计了变送电路,配合烘干称重法测出了湿度-电压实验数据;并用正交实验法确定了探针尺寸,用MATLAB对土壤湿度传感器进行了标定。     

商用车液力缓速器匹配及试验研究

介绍了液力缓速器的结构和工作原理,以某款商用车匹配采埃孚液力缓速器为例,详细阐述了商用车匹配缓速器时的空间布置、控制策略、冷却回路等设计内容.通过实车转鼓试验研究缓速器的制动性能.结果表明:整车匹配液力缓速器时,适当增大整车散热功率,能保证液力缓速器稳定的持续制动性能.