子京和油丹的研究与保护

子京和油丹是我国海南省珍贵用材树种,有着重要的经济和科研价值,但天然林资源逐渐减少,均被列为国家二级濒危重点保护野生植物,急需加强对子京和油丹的保护、研究和开发利用.在进行子京和油丹天然资源调查和收集的基础上,文章从应用价值、生物学特性、分布生境、濒危现状、繁殖育苗、引种栽培和保护利用等方面进行了介绍和探讨,提出了子京...     

基于小波包原理的蚕茧无损检测研究

提出了基于声学的蚕茧无损检测新方法，研究了利用小波包原理提取噪声信号的特征值的方法。噪声信号经过小波包分解后，得到各频段内的信号，将各频段内信号的能量谱作为识别蚕蛹质量的特征值。结果表明，通过小波包原理提取的能量谱特征值能有效地识别出蚕蛹的质量，解决了蚕茧无损检测过程中难找出与蚕蛹质量有关的信号特征值的难题。     

自动测量胸径和树高便携设备的研制与测量精度分析

胸径和树高测量是评价立地质量和林木生长状况的重要依据,该文以图像自动识别原理、摄影测量原理、相似三角形几何原理和三角函数原理为理论基础,研制了可测量胸径和树高的多功能便携式微型超站仪,该设备集成电荷藕合器件图像传感器、倾角传感器、激光测距传感器、中央处理器、存储器、液晶显示屏,测量时可获取测站点到待测点的倾角和距离2个参数值,并记录存储测量时的图像信息,通过仪器的嵌入式操作程序,实现胸径的自动测量、树高测量、任意处直径自动测量、基本测量等4项基本功能。通过试验验证,215株立木的单次胸径测量的平均绝对误差为0.369 cm,平均相对误差为2.08%。101株立木的单次树高测量的平均相对误差为1.44%。胸径测量精度达到97.92%,树高测量精度达到98.56%,符合国家森林资源连续清查中的测量精度要求。该设备为森林资源调查提供了参考。     

Soil nutrient supply and biomass production in a mixed forest on a skeleton‐rich soil and an adjacent beech forest

In the natural forest communities of Central Europe, beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) predominates in the tree layer over a wide range of soil conditions. An exception with respect to the dominance of beech are skeleton‐rich soils such as screes where up to 10 broad‐leaved trees co‐exist. In such a Tilia‐Fagus‐Fraxinus‐Acer‐Ulmus forest and an adjacent mono‐specific beech forest we compared (1) soil nutrient pools and net nitrogen mineralization rates, (2) leaf nutrient levels, and (3) leaf litter production and stem increment rates in order to evaluate the relationship between soil conditions and tree species composition. In the mixed forest only a small quantity of fine earth was present (35 g l^—1) which was distributed in patches between basalt stones; whereas a significantly higher (P < 0.05) soil quantity (182 g l^—1) was found in the beech forest. In the soil patches of the mixed forest C and N concentrations and also concentrations of exchangeable nutrients (K, Ca, Mg) were significantly higher than in the beech forest. Net N mineralization rates on soil dry weight basis in the mixed forest exceeded those in the beech forest by a factor of 2.6. Due to differences in fine earth and stone contents, the volume related soil K pool and the N mineralization rate were lower in the mixed forest (52 kg N ha^—1 yr^—1, 0—10 cm depth) than in the beech forest (105 kg N ha^—1 yr^—1). The leaf N and K concentrations of the beech trees did not differ significantly between the stands, which suggests that plant nutrition was not impaired. In the mixed forest leaf litter fall (11 %) and the increment rate of stem basal area (52 %) were lower than in the beech forest. Thus, compared with the adjacent beech forest, the mixed forest stand was characterized by a low volume of patchy distributed nutrient‐rich soil, a lower volume related K pool and N mineralization rate, and low rates of stem increment. Together with other factors such as water availability these patterns may contribute to an explanation of the diverse tree species composition on Central European screes.     

~(134)Cs在茶树上的行为

茶树喷洒~(134)Cs后,~(134)Cs在老茶叶上的残留和新茶叶上的吸收都遵循一级反应动力学模式。~(134)Cs叶面污染后危害性最大,水质污染和土壤污染具有潜在的危害性。茶树对~(134)Cs的富集能力低,K值为0.02;鲜茶叶经制茶加工后,~(134)Cs的损失率达13.3％;茶叶经4次浸泡后,~(134)Cs的总浸出率为83.6％。     

根据形态学和分子系统学特征界定拟盘多毛孢属的种

以拟盘多毛孢属108个ITS（内转录间区）序列建立了分子系统树,探讨拟盘多毛孢属的形态特征与分子系统树的相互关系.结果表明,拟盘多毛孢属首先按照分生孢子有色胞的颜色区分为暗色和淡色（同色）2个分支,暗色组再分成2个亚分支--同色亚分支和异色亚分支,淡色分支内进一步根据顶端附属丝特征和基部附属丝的有无区分为7个亚分支.寄主植物的某个分类单元在拟盘多毛孢属的分子系统树上并未形成特定的分支.通过对形态特征与分子系统树结合分析,重新界定小孢拟盘多毛孢（Pestalotiopsis microspora）、异色拟盘多毛孢（P.versicolor）和茶拟盘多毛孢（P.theae）.     

In situ evaluation of fruit yield and estimation of repeatability coefficient for major fruit traits of umbu tree [Spondias tuberosa (Anacardiaceae)] in the semi-arid region of Brazil

The umbu tree (Spondias tuberosa) is a xerophytic woody species endemic to the northeast of Brazil. The present work reports a three-year in situ evaluation of major yield components in a random set of trees in Petrolina city, Pernambuco State, Brazil and the application of repeatability coefficient in the context of genetic resources utilization. Five traits were assessed: total fruit yield per plant (FY); total number of fruits per plant (NF); average fruit weight (FW); average pulp weight (PW) and average fruit diameter (FD). The values observed for FY ranged from 4.2–184 kg with mean of 61.5 kg. The values for NF ranged from 257 to 12,981 fruits/tree with mean 3,993 fruits. For FW, the range was from 10.82–23.36 g with mean of 16.03 g. The values for PW ranged from 7 to 17 g with mean of 11.2 g, while FD values varied from 2.5 to 3.5 cm with mean of 3.0 cm. Six methods were employed to estimate repeatability coefficient (r) for all parameters. The r ranged from 0.68–0.76 for NF; 0.87–0.89 for FW; 0.65–0.75 for FY; 0.64–0.78 for PW and 0.70–0.84 for FD. Narrower ranges across methods were observed to r-values greater than 0.80, as observed for FW and FD. Three to four years of measurements will be necessary for FY, NF, and PW and one year for FW to obtain a precision of 90% to provide a reliable identification of individuals for in situ or ex situ conservation.     

福建省连城县天然林资源分析与评价

对连城县18个乡镇的天然林面积和树种组成分析表明:全县天然林面积比例为72.64%,以针叶树种为主的天然林占57.75%,纯阔叶林仅占4.89%;不同针阔比例的天然林面积,随着阔叶树比例增加呈递减趋势;全县天然林阔叶树权重为0.4,乡镇间存在较大差异;通过聚类分析,18个乡镇被划分为4个不同天然林阔叶树比例类型;综合评价认为,全县天然林比例大,阔叶树种丰富,但干扰严重,天然林面积呈减小趋势,森林结构退化,个别地段出现逆行演替。     

对低产林改良先造后抚的探讨

为改造生长率低、产量低、质量低、结构单一、生态系统脆弱的低产林,对先造后抚的营林措施进行了论述,提出先造后抚是改造低产林的重要手段。     

利用三重测交群体剖析玉米株高与穗位高杂种优势的遗传学基础

以玉米强优势杂交种组合豫玉22及其重组近交系为材料,按照TTC (triple testcross)遗传交配设计,组配了270个测交后代的TTC群体。利用复合区间作图法,对控制株高与穗位高的QTL进行了分析,分别检测到20和17个主效QTL,其中超显性位点最多(11个和8个),加性次之(5个和6个),显性(2个和0个)和部分显性较少(2个和3个)。分析发现,存在同时控制株高与穗位高杂种优势的QTL区域,即Bin1.06区域(umc2151~umc1122)、Bin3.05区域(umc2127~umc2166~ umc1539)以及Bin7.03区域(umc1865~umc1888),这也与在各个环境中株高与穗位高的相关性吻合。另外,还分别检测到两性状4个和7个QTL与遗传背景之间的互作,22对和12对标记间的互作,分别解释表型变异的3.26%~16.58%和3.44%~22.41%,说明上位性也可能与这两个性状及其杂种优势的形成有重要关系。