海上风机与养殖网箱融合系统中网箱系泊绳张力与导管架基础结构安全性研究

海洋牧场与海上风电融合发展是现代渔业和清洁能源产业融合发展的典型代表,能够构建“海上粮仓+清洁能源”的新产业模式。本文基于福建漳浦六鳌海上风电场风机导管架构建养殖网箱与海上风机融合系统,运用Aqua-FE?有限元工具探究极端波流条件下不同网箱布设深度、波流入射角、生物附着程度对网箱系泊绳张力的影响;采用海洋工程专用设计软件SACS,计算分析风机导管架结构在波流及网箱系泊绳张力作用下的应力分布,评估养殖网箱系泊绳张力对风机导管架基础结构安全性的影响。结果表明,网箱布设深度的增加能够减少网箱系泊绳最大张力,显著改善网箱风机整体结构受力状态;波流入射角的改变对于网箱风机整体结构安全性影响不大;网衣生物附着程度的增加会显著增加网箱系泊绳最大张力,从而造成风机导管架基础杆件大量失效。综上所述,养殖网箱可布设于适当水深以减少受力,同时应及时清理附着生物,适当增加网箱系泊点附近的导管架杆件和导管架底部桩土点杆件的壁厚,以确保养殖网箱与海上风机融合系统结构安全。该结果可为深入研究网箱与风机融合系统的受力,评估该系统的安全性,优化设计养殖网箱与风机融合系统提供数据支撑。     

面向葡萄知识图谱构建的多特征融合命名实体识别

为解决构建知识图谱过程中由于上下文环境复杂、现有模型字向量语义表征相对单一导致领域专业实体识别率低的问题,该研究提出了来自转换器的双向编码器表征量（bi-directional encoder representation from transformer, BERT）和残差结构（residual structure, RS）融合的命名实体识别模型（bert based named entity recognition with residual structure,BBNER-RS）。通过BERT模型将文本映射为字符向量,利用双向长短时记忆网络（bi-directional long-short term memory, BiLSTM）提取局部字符向量特征,并采用RS保留BERT提供的全局字符向量特征,以提高字向量的语义丰富度,最后通过条件随机场（conditional random field, CRF）模型对特征向量解码,获取全局最优序列标注。与其他命名实体识别模型相比,提出的BBNER-MRS模型在葡萄数据集上表现较好,在葡萄人民日报、玻森、简历和微博数据集上F1值分别达到89...     

基于改进YOLOv7的杨梅树单木检测

为了快速检测和统计杨梅树的数量,该研究提出了一种基于改进YOLOv7的杨梅树单木检测模型：YOLOv7-ACGDmix。首先,对YOLOv7的可扩展高效长程注意力网络（extended-efficient long-range attention networks, E-ELAN）进行改进,通过融合兼具卷积和注意力机制优势的ACmix（a mixed model that enjoys the benefit of both self-attention and convolution）结构得到AC-E-ELAN模块,提升模型的学习和推理能力,引入可变形卷积（deformable convolutional networks version 2, DCNv2）结构得到DCNv2-E-ELAN模块,增强模型对不同尺寸目标的提取能力;其次,采用内容感知特征重组（content-aware reassembly of features, CARAFE）上采样模块,提高模型对重要特征的提取能力;然后,在主干和头部网络部分添加全局注意力机制（global-attention mechanism, GAM）,强化特征中的语义信息和位置信息,提高模型特征融合能力;最后,采用WIoU（wise intersection over union）损失函数减少因正负样本数据不平衡造成的干扰,增强模型的泛化性。在公开数据集上的试验结果表明,YOLOv7-ACGDmix模型的精确率达到89.1%,召回率达到89.0%,平均精度均值（mean average precision, mAP）达到95.1%,F₁-score达到89.0%,相比于原YOLOv7模型分别提高1.8、4.0、2.3和3.0个百分点。与Faster R-CNN、SSD、YOLOv8模型相比,改进模型的平均精度均值（mAP_0.5）分别提高了9.8、2.2、0.7个百分点。实地采集杨梅树样本数据的检测精确率87.3%、召回率85.7%。试验表明,改进模型为基于无人机影像的杨梅树单木检测提供了一种有效的解决方案,对果园精准管理的发展具有重要意义。     

Soil bacterial characteristics between surface and subsurface soils along a precipitation gradient in the Alxa Desert,China

Bacteria in desert soil have unique phylogeny and important ecological functions, and theirresponses to changes in precipitation need further attention. However, relevant studies have mainlyfocused on the surface soil, and studies on the responses of bacteria at different soil depths to variationsin precipitation are rare. Thus, we used 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing to investigate the changesin soil bacterial distribution along a mean annual precipitation gradient (50–150 mm) in the Alxa Desert,China, and compared the variation characteristics in the surface soil layer (0–10 cm) and subsurface soillayer (10–20 cm). Results showed that soil bacterial communities significantly changed along theprecipitation gradient in both soil layers. However, the subsurface soil layer could support bacterialcommunities with higher diversity and closer internal relationships but more internal competition than thesurface soil layer. Additionally, compared with the surface soil layer, variations in diversity andco-occurrence patterns in the subsurface soil layer were more in line with the changes in the mean annualprecipitation, while bacterial community structure was less variable in the subsurface soil layer. Comparedwith the mean annual precipitation, soil moisture had little influence on the structure and diversity of soilbacterial community but had a high correlation with intercommunity connectivity. Therefore, soilmoisture might play a complex role in mediating environmental conditions and soil bacterial communitycharacteristics. Due to the different responses of surface and subsurface soil bacteria to the changes inprecipitation, it is necessary to distinguish different soil layers when predicting the trends in desert soilbacterial conditions associated with precipitation, and prediction of subsurface soil bacteria may be moreaccurate.     

"十一五"期间提高大洼县农民收入的对策与途径

总结了农业发展单纯依靠农产品价格提高,农业结构不合理,农产品加工业落后,剩余劳动力较多等制约大洼县农民增收的主要因素,提出了加大农业结构调整力度,大力实施节水、节肥农业,做大做强企业,推进农民外出务工等增收的对策与途径,为大洼县“十一五”期间实现农民人均纯收入达6500元打下坚实基础。     

急性氨氮胁迫和恢复后中华条颈龟主要器官组织结构的变化

氨氮是水产养殖过程中最主要的环境污染物之一。为探究急性氨氮胁迫对中华条颈龟主要器官组织结构的影响,以体质量(218.26±12.65) g的1龄中华条颈龟为对象,应用苏木精—伊红染色的方法研究氨氮(200 mg/L)胁迫(24、48 h)及去除氨氮(48 h)对其脑、肝脏、心脏、肾脏和脾脏组织结构的影响。试验结果显示,氨氮胁迫后脑组织出现间质增宽、疏松,神经元细胞核发生偏位,神经元变性、坏死等现象,恢复48 h后神经元肿胀与细胞核偏位现象减少;肝脏出现肝细胞肿胀、颗粒变性、水泡变性、坏死等病理现象,肝血窦缩小甚至消失,恢复48 h后肝细胞肿胀减少,肝血窦基本恢复到胁迫前水平,但肝细胞颗粒变性、水泡变性现象依旧存在;心脏间质血管充血,恢复48 h后心肌细胞间隙缩小趋于胁迫前水平,充血现象消失;肾脏肾小管上皮细胞发生颗粒变性,部分细胞从基膜脱落,细胞膜破裂,肾小球体积增大、毛细血管网扩张,细胞核固缩甚至溶解消失,间质中有炎性细胞浸润,恢复48 h后炎性细胞基本消失,但肾小管管腔不规则和颗粒变性等病理现象依旧存在;脾脏白髓区域增大,恢复48 h后白髓与红髓趋于正常水平。试验结果表明,急性氨氮...     

京珠高速公路从化段生态景观林13个乡土阔叶树种生长表现初探

在京珠高速公路从化段两侧生态景观林改造套种中,对2003年乡土树种造林中的枫香等6个主要造林树种进行生长分析,结果表明:各树种间高生长存在显著差异,黎蒴林木生长较好,红锥、黄樟、枫香、木荷、山杜英较差;对蓝花楹等7个伴生树种的生长分析结果表明:各树种间高生长存在着明显差异,蓝花楹生长较好,凤凰木、米老排、火力楠次之,红花油茶、大叶紫薇、大头茶较差。乡土树种与速生树种间种中的黎蒴等4个造林树种的高生长分析结果表明:黎蒴、黄樟、木荷、大头茶与卷荚相思间种的高生长明显优于与尾叶桉间种。     

Ulva (Enteromorpha) Polysaccharides and Oligosaccharides: A Potential Functional Food Source from Green-Tide-Forming Macroalgae

The high-valued utilization of Ulva (previously known as Enteromorpha) bioresources has drawn increasing attention due to the periodic blooms of world-wide green tide. The polysaccharide is the main functional component of Ulva and exhibits various physiological activities. The Ulva oligosaccharide as the degradation product of polysaccharide not only possesses some obvious activities, but also possesses excellent solubility and bioavailability. Both Ulva polysaccharides and oligosaccharides hold promising potential in the food industry as new functional foods or food additives. Studies on Ulva polysaccharides and oligosaccharides are increasing and have been the focus of the marine bioresources field. However, the comprehensive review of this topic is still rare and do not cover the recent advances of the structure, isolation, preparation, activity and applications of Ulva polysaccharides and oligosaccharides. This review systematically summarizes and discusses the recent advances of chemical composition, extraction, purification, structure, and activity of Ulva polysaccharides as well as oligosaccharides. In addition, the potential applications as new functional food and food additives have also been considered, and these will definitely expand the applications of Ulva oligosaccharides in the food and medical fields.     

不同耐旱性玉米根系解剖结构比较研究

以大田生长的不同耐旱性玉米品种为试验材料,采用徒手切片法和常规石蜡制片法对玉米的初生根和各层次生根的基部、中部和根毛区显微结构进行了系统研究和比较.结果显示:与不酎旱品种玉米的根系相比,耐旱玉米的初生胚根的皮层细胞层数较少,木质部导管数量较多、导管直径较小;各层次生根的皮层细胞层教相对较少,木质部导管数量相对较多,导管直径相对较小.     

兰州旅游圈旅游空间结构构建研究

区域旅游空间结构对于区域旅游业的发展具有重要的意义。文章在简要地梳理近些年来区域旅游空间结构研究成果的基础上,对于区域旅游空间结构的构建方法提出了自己的观点:根据游客的到访情况划分其内部结构,根据资源集聚态势和共同表现的主题进行功能分区,按照远近结合的原则确定优先发展区,根据服务功能确定旅游中心地。通过对兰州旅游圈深入的调查和研究,提出兰州旅游圈的空间结构构建模式:三个旅游圈层、七个旅游瓣区和十一个旅游功能区;在综合评价的基础上确定了圈内的七个优先发展区和若干个旅游中心地。最后,对于兰州旅游圈的旅游线路提出了设计方案。