我国部分地区ＮＤＶ的分子流行病学研究

本研究根据新城疫病毒（ＮＤＶ）Ｆ基因编码区１－３７４位核苷酸序列计算其遗传距离并给出了ＮＤＶ的系统发育进化树，将６８株ＮＤＶ分为９个基因型（３０株为国内分离株），其中Ⅰ－Ⅵ是早已存在的老基因型，Ⅶ、Ⅷ、Ⅸ为新发现的基因型，特别是Ⅸ为我国特有的基因型（Ｆ４８ＥＯ、Ｍ３、ＨＬＪ－３、ＨeB-1P和ＮＭ－５）。１９９７－１９９９年我国云南、广西、甘肃、陕西、新疆等地分离的ＹＮ－１Ｐ、ＧＸ－３、Ｈ１、Ｈ２、Ｐ１、ＧＸ－１、ＧＸ－２、ＧＳ－３、ＳＨＸ－２、ＳＨＸ－３、ＳＨＸ－６、ＳＨＸ－７、ＸＪ－２和１９９１年分离的ＨuB-1均属于Ⅶ基因型，该基因型的病毒是９０年以来引起新城疫发生的主要病原。根据遗传距离和分离年代可将此基因型进一步划分为５个基因亚型，分别是Ⅶa、Ⅶb、Ⅶc、Ⅶd和Ⅶe。此外ＨuN-1/98、HLJ-4/95和ＨeH-1P属一个老的基因Ⅵ，１９７９－１９８５年分离自青海的ＱＨ－１、ＱＨ－２、ＱＨ－４属于一个新的基因型－Ⅷ型。可见在我国新城疫的流行是极其复杂的，既有老基因型的危害（Ⅰ－Ⅵ），又有新基因型（Ⅶ）的流行，更有我国独特Ⅷ和Ⅸ基因潜伏。     

饲料碳水化合物水平对鳡幼鱼生长和体成分的影响

以白鱼粉、酪蛋白、鱼油和α-淀粉分别作为蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物原料,配制等蛋白质(45%)、等脂肪(8%)、碳水化合物水平分别为0%、5%、10%、15%、20%、25%的6组饲料。饲养鳡幼鱼8周后测定其生长、体成分及肝糖原含量,初步探讨鳡对碳水化合物的利用能力。结果表明,20%组鱼体的增重率、特定生长率和蛋白质效率最高(P<0.05)。高碳水化合物组表现较高的摄食率、脏体比、肝体比和肠脂比(P<0.05)。饲料碳水化合物水平的升高,增加了全鱼体干物质和粗脂肪的累积(P<0.05)。随着饲料碳水化合物水平的增加,鱼体的肝糖原储存量先增加、后降低,20%组达到最高(P<0.05)。综合试验结果分析,鳡可以在一定程度上利用淀粉类碳水化合物,但在饲料中添加量不宜超过20%,否则不利于鱼的健康生长。     

柳杉人工林单木材积生长模型的研究

本文将柳杉人工林单株木的林积生长量作为年龄、地位指数、竞争指数的函数，建立单木生长模型。研究结果表明：简单竞争指数优于竞争压力指数，而在简单竞争指数中，竞争木取６株和８株差别不大，均优于竞争木取４株。进一步的分析表明：在不受人为干扰的林分中，竞争木取６株和８株的简单竞争指数在一定时期内保持相对稳定的状态，与林分年龄和立地质量关系不密切，而与胸径之间存在着密切的相关关系。其值随着胸径的增大而减小，二者之间的关系用双曲线和幂函数拟合较为适宜，由此建立的简单竞争指数预估模型，扩大了单木生长模型的运用范围。在理论上和实践上均有重要的意义。     

土壤酸度对茶叶产量及品质成分含量的影响

为了分析土壤酸度对茶叶产量及品质成分的影响,本研究选择4个不同酸度土壤的茶园(pH分别为3.29、4.74、5.32、6.38)为研究点,于2016年4月种植铁观音茶树,于2018年5月、2019年5月(春茶采摘时间)和2018年10月、2019年10月(秋茶采摘时间)采样测定茶叶鲜叶产量及鲜叶品质成分(茶多酚、茶氨酸...     

不同生物治理措施对赤红壤抗蚀性影响的研究

采用营造大叶相思水土保持林和种植荔枝、龙眼、杨梅等果树的措施治理严重退化赤红壤,对不同航对照的土壤抗蚀性研究,结果表明：采用不同生物措施治理后土壤抗蚀性大小顺序为：２７年生杨梅（Ｔ２３）;６年生大叶相思（Ｔ１２）、２８年生的荔枝（Ｔ２１）、龙眼（Ｔ２２）和６年生荔枝（Ｔ１１）。采用受蚀性指数ＥＶＡ、土壤有机质、结构体破坏率,大于１ｍｍ水稳性团粒含量以及侵率,能较好地表征赤红壤抗蚀性,在果园中引进以     

我国杧果病害的新病原

本文报道了来自云南和四川16种杧果病害的新病原,并分别对病原及病害症状进行了详细描述。     

雅安市主要造林树种苗木质量的分级研究

对2006年雅安各县苗圃主要造林树种苗木进行调查,以地径(D)和苗高(H)作为质量指标,采用逐步聚类分析对苗木质量进行分级,结合生产实际探讨了雅安市主要造林树种苗木标准。其中有些树种的苗木分级标准为首次研究。标准中各指标均大于现行国家标准,能较好地反映实际生产水平,为育苗生产和制定地方标准提供了参考。     

Effects of starvation,subsequent feeding and photoperiod on flesh quality in farmed cod (Gadus morhua)

The study was designed to investigate the effect of four cycles of 5 weeks starvation followed by 10‐week refeeding compared with daily feeding under either natural photoperiod or continuous light (LL) regime on body composition and flesh quality in Atlantic cod in sea cages, northern Norway. The fish were sampled for body composition and flesh quality parameters at the start of the trial, twice at the end of a 10‐week feeding period and twice at the end of a 5‐week starvation period. There was effect of both feeding and light regime on growth, the two starving groups losing weight during starvation and regaining weight during refeeding, and the group under LL being heavier. But, the mean overall growth did not vary between groups. Starvation/refeeding regime resulted in higher slaughter yield, but no overall effect was seen on hepatosomatic index, water content, water holding capacity (WHC), muscle pH, hardness or flesh colour compared with control groups. Continuous light increased gutted weight and slaughter yield, lowered WHC and depressed maturation compared with fish under natural light regime. Increased growth rate resulted in softer fillets and lower muscle pH.     

饲料盐藻水平对卵形鲳鲹体色和生长的影响

以初始体质量为(13.88±0.28)g的卵形鲳鲹为试验对象,研究不同盐藻添加量(0.0%、0.1%、0.2%、0.4%、0.8%、1.6%)饲料对其体色和生长的影响。每组设3个平行,每个平行饲养20尾鱼,每日饱食投喂2次(8:00;17:00),试验周期为56d。结果显示,盐藻添加量为0.1%~1.6%时,随着饲料中盐藻水平的提高,卵形鲳鲹背部和腹部黄色值(b*)呈显著上升趋势(P0.05),饲料中添加盐藻可明显改善卵形鲳鲹体色;与此同时,卵形鲳鲹质量增加率和特定生长率随饲料盐藻水平的上升呈下降趋势(P0.05),未添加盐藻的对照组具有最高蛋白质效率和最低饲料系数,且与盐藻添加量为0.4%的试验组差异显著(P0.05),饲料中添加盐藻对卵形鲳鲹生长性能和饲料利用没有明显的促进作用;此外饲料盐藻水平对卵形鲳鲹体成分也没有显著影响(P0.05)。     

Off-Season Spawning of Eurasian Perch Perca Fluviatilis

This study was designed to determine the effects of the selection for body weight and of two final warming durations during an out-of-season reproductive cycle on gonad recrudescence, plasma steroid levels and spawning in Eurasian perch Perca fluviatilis males and females. Two different bodyweight classes (200–250 and 350–400 g) and two different warming periods (1 or 2 months) were studied.At the end of the chilling period, a significant effect of the selection for body weight was observed on gonad development whereas fish were the same age. According to higher levels in testosterone (12 ng mL^–1), a better development was recorded for smaller breeders (P < 0.05). A short water warming period up to 14°C (1 month v.s. 2 months) allowed higher rates of females with completed gonadogenesis (33–38% v.s. 7–8%) and spawning (31–33% v.s. 0%) (P < 0.05). Spontaneous out-of-season spawning (17 ribbons) and larvae were obtained. Relative fecundity was about 100 eggs g^–1 of female body weight. Five ribbons were partly fertilized with a rate ranging from 5 to 90%. These studies have shown that delayed spawning in Eurasian perch can be obtained by a temperature manipulation, but results are not sufficient because of low stimulation rate of females, low spawning rates and high heteroge-neity of fertilization rates. The effects of other environmental factors like photoperiod should be tested in further experiment to improve the protocol inducing out-of-season spawning production.