提高地方杂种黄牛移植冷冻奶牛胚胎效果的研究

本试验共选用77头地方杂种黄牛作为受体，进行高产奶牛冷冻胚胎移植。对其中的70头受体牛进行同期发情处理，经过两次PG处理后有58头牛发情，同期发情率为82．9％，移植前经直肠检查有68．6％的受体牛黄体合格。但由于子宫炎症，最后移植了33头受体牛，并达到了51．5％的妊娠率。因此在不存在子宫炎症的情况下，我们已达到比较好的胚胎移植效果。     

新几内亚凤仙组培快繁技术研究

通过对新几内亚凤仙组织培养及入土移栽的技术研究，分别筛选出诱导芽分化的最适培养基和诱导生根的最适培养基。试验结果表明，不同的激素浓度对新几内亚凤仙组培苗的生长效果有着较大的影响，最适宜的诱导芽分化的培养基为MS＋NAA0．3mg.L^-1 6-BA0.8mg.L^-1，诱导率为90％，最适宜的生根培养基为1／2MS＋NAA0．3mg.L^-1，生根率为93．3％，最适宜的移栽基质为蛭石＋粗砂（1：1），成活率为87％。     

池沼公鱼在新疆大水面的移植推广研究

池沼公鱼自１９８９年由吉林省移植到新疆后，经进一步移植推广，已经广泛分布到博斯腾湖、天池、乌伦古湖、石城子水库等２０个总面积为２９．２４×１０４ｈｍ２的湖泊和水库，共移植池沼公鱼受精卵１２．９９×１０８粒，捕获池沼公鱼１０１２８０２ｔ，本研究从池沼公鱼受精卵移植、生物学性状、丰满度、繁殖力等方面论证了池沼公鱼在新疆大水面移植推广是成功的。     

异体皮肤移植法测定鸡细胞免疫

为了研究隐孢子虫感染对鸡细胞免疫功能的影响，设计了鸡异体皮肤移植试验。受试鸡为ＳＰＦ鸡，饲养于隔离器内。感染组１～３日龄感梁隐抱于虫，并于感染后４ｄ粪便检查隐孢子虫卵囊，证明感染成功。２０日龄时进行皮肤移植试验。手术切口在鸡腿内侧，盼关节下方。移植皮片不缝合，采用创可贴包扎固定。同体移植皮片９６％（２５／２６）被接受，异体移植皮片，对照组１００％（１３／１３）被排斥，而感染组５８．３％（７／１２）被排斥，从而建立了异体皮肤移植测定鸡细胞免疫的方法。     

芦荟试管苗增殖及壮苗定植体系的建立

对库拉索芦荟试管苗增殖技术体系改良及壮苗定植体系的建立进行了研究。结果表明,MB+KT1.0mg/L+6-BA1.0mg/L+NAA0.5mg/L培养基中,用食糖代替蔗糖、自来水代替蒸馏水,库拉索试管苗芽增殖率有所下降,但与对照相比差异不显著;附加1.0mg/LNAA的1/2MB培养基是库拉索芦荟试管苗壮苗生根的最佳培养基;供试的3种移植介质中,库拉索芦荟试管苗的定植成活率均达到83%以上,沙土介质定植成活率最高,达到91.3%。     

Comparison of the pig and feline models for full thickness corneal transplantation

Purpose The goal of this study was to report on the advantages and limitations of the pig and feline models for experimental in vivo corneal transplantation. Methods Ten healthy domestic pigs and ten healthy cats were used. Full thickness penetrating keratoplasty was performed using autologous (eight cases), allogeneic (seven cases) or human xenogeneic (three cases) tissue. In two other cases, the inflammatory response to partial thickness trephination (without transplantation) was evaluated. Eyes were assessed daily before and after surgery by slit‐lamp, pachymetry, and tonometry. A transparency score ranging from 0 (opaque graft) to 4 (clear graft) was used, based on the slit‐lamp examination. Optical coherence tomography, histology, and electron microscopy were performed postmortem. Results In the pig, the mean (±SD) transparency score for the eight full thickness grafts was 0.88 ± 0.99, ranging from 0 to 3. In the feline model, the mean transparency score for the seven uncomplicated grafts was 3.93 ± 0.19, ranging from 3.5 to 4. Both negative controls without endothelium remained opaque at all time. Intraoperative tendency for iris incarceration into the wound, rapid corneal swelling, suture cheese wiring, and postoperative intraocular inflammation were the main factors jeopardizing the functional success of the corneal transplant in the pig model. Conclusion Suboptimal functional results were obtained after full thickness corneal transplantation in the pig model, while in the feline model, the same protocol yielded uneventful surgeries and clear transplants, with functional results similar to those achieved in human subjects.     

供体年龄对德国肉用美利奴羊超数排卵及胚胎移植效果的影响

提高绵羊体内胚胎生产的效率对促进优良品种扩繁及良种推广具有重要意义。为充分利用不同年龄段良种德国肉用美利奴羊,试验选用青年(18月龄,配种未受胎)、老龄(60~72月龄,经产)以及幼龄母羊(7月龄,性成熟前)做供体,用改进的程序进行超数排卵,研究供体年龄与超数排卵和胚胎移植效果的关系。结果表明:①青年、老龄组母羊超排后只均可用胚数分别为10.9枚、10.3枚,显著高于幼龄母羊的6.0枚。青年、老龄组母羊的胚胎经移植后受胎率分别为71.6%、58.3%,显著高于幼龄组的41.7%。②幼龄、青年组回收的胚胎中囊胚所占比例显著高于老龄组,说明幼龄、青年组供体的胚胎发育速度显著快于老龄供体。③青年、老龄组母羊超排前预注小剂量FSH,卵巢黄体数目明显增多,说明能提高超排效果。本试验优化了德国美利奴羊的超排程序,证明年龄显著影响德国美利奴羊的超排效果及胚胎质量,为进一步提高绵羊胚胎移植效率提供了参考依据。     

鱼类精原干细胞的研究进展

鱼类精原干细胞是鱼类精子发生的起始细胞,是一群具有自我更新和分化潜能的细胞.其独具的生物学特性,使其在干细胞生物学、遗传资源保存和转基因动物等研究领域具有重要价值.就鱼类精原干细胞的生物学特性、培养鉴定、分化潜能、移植和冷冻保存方面做一简要综述,以期为精原干细胞的研究提供借鉴.     

Seasonal influence of climate manipulation on microbial community structure and function in mountain soils

Microbial communities drive soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition through the production of a variety of extracellular enzymes. Climate change impact on soil microbial communities and soil enzymatic activities can therefore strongly affect SOM turnover, and thereby determine the fate of ecosystems and their role as carbon sinks or sources.To simulate projected impacts of climate change on Swiss Jura subalpine grassland soils, an altitudinal soil transplantation experiment was set up in October 2009. On the fourth year of this experiment, we measured microbial biomass (MB), microbial community structure (MCS), and soil extracellular enzymatic activities (EEA) of nine hydrolytic and oxidative extracellular enzymes in the transplanted soils on a seasonal basis.We found a strong sampling date effect and a smaller but significant effect of the climate manipulation (soil transplantation) on EEA. Overall EEA was higher in winter and spring but enzymes linked to N and P cycles showed higher potential activities in autumn, suggesting that other factors than soil microclimate controlled their pool size, such as substrate availability. The climate warming manipulation decreased EEA in most cases, with oxidative enzymes more concerned than hydrolytic enzymes. In contrast to EEA, soil MB was more affected by the climate manipulation than by the seasons. Transplanting soils to lower altitudes caused a significant decrease in soil MB, but did not affect soil MCS. Conversely, a clear shift in soil MCS was observed between winter and summer. Mass-specific soil EEA (EEA normalized by MB) showed a systematic seasonal trend, with a higher ratio in winter than in summer, suggesting that the seasonal shift in MCS is accompanied by a change in their activities. Surprisingly, we observed a significant decrease in soil organic carbon (SOC) concentration after four years of soil transplantation, as compared to the control site, which could not be linked to any microbial data.We conclude that medium term (four years) warming and decreased precipitation strongly affected MB and EEA but not MCS in subalpine grassland soils, and that those shifts cannot be readily linked to the dynamics of soil carbon concentration under climate change.     

小梁切除术联合羊膜植入和干扰素α-2b治疗难治性青光眼

目的 :观察小梁切除术联合同种异体羊膜植入和术眼球结膜下注射干扰素 α- 2 b治疗顽固性青光眼的疗效。方法 :对 1 3例 (1 3只眼 )顽固性青光眼行小梁切除术联合羊膜移植于巩膜床 ,分别于术时、术后 1 d、3 d、7d、1 4 d术眼球结膜下注射干扰素α- 2 b 50万单位。术后随访 6～ 1 5个月 ,平均 1 0 .5个月。观察术后阻止瘢痕性滤过泡形成的效果、降眼压作用、手术成功率及视力变化。结果 :1 3只眼中 ,形成功能性滤过泡 1 1只眼 ,无功能滤过泡 2只眼 ,术后 3个月眼压从术前的 (36.42± 5.64) mm Hg降低到 (1 5.73± 2 .99) mm Hg(t=1 1 .465 ,P<0 .0 1 )。术后1 2个月末 ,手术的成功率为 79.8% (寿命表法 )。结论 :小梁切除术联合羊膜植入与干扰素α- 2 b注射能提高成功率 ,且安全、可靠。