几种生长调节剂对火星无核葡萄种子形成的影响

利用植物生长调节剂促使假单性结实的无核葡萄产生具有生活力的种子,采用或不采用胚培养获得实生苗,为无核葡萄育种提供一条便捷途径。采用不同生长素类和细胞分裂素类生长调节剂对火星无核葡萄花前2周进行不同浓度的处理,对果实的有核率、种子形成大小、单果种子数目及种子成苗等方面进行了研究。BA、CPPU、KT、IAA、IBA、NAA不同浓度的处理都能使火星无核葡萄产生残核。BA5、10mg/L,IAA10、20mg/L,IBA20mg/L的处理有核率达100%;KT5mg/L处理种子大小指数96.6%,为最大,而CPPU10mg/L处理种子大小指数74.5%,为最小;BA5mg/L处理单果的平均种子数3.1粒,CPPU10mg/L处理单果的平均种子数0.5粒。KT5mg/L和10mg/L处理诱导产生的种子离体培养露地播种得到萌发苗。结果表明,生长素类和细胞分裂素类生长调节剂可以促进无核葡萄形成具有生活力的种子,可为无核葡萄育种提供一种新的简便方法。     

云南橡胶园微量元素含量分析初报

通过对云南橡胶园植胶土壤和橡胶树叶片微量元素含量进行测定和分析,初步拟出云南橡胶树叶片微量元素养分含量的适宜范围,其中铜12.00～13.50mg/kg,锌30.00～40.00mg/kg,铁110.00～170.00mg/kg,锰350.00～600.00mg/kg,硼18.00～35.00mg/kg和钼0.05～0.20mg/kg;同时根据云南胶园微量元素营养水平,建议对不同土壤类型的胶园开展施用钼肥和硼肥的试验研究。     

Growth effect on the uptake and elimination of trace metals in the abalones Haliotis

In order to determine trace metal (cadmium, copper, lead, manganese and zinc) levels in muscles in relation to organism growth, abalones Haliotis at various stages from Japanese coastal regions were collected and analyzed. Concentrations of Cd and Pb, two non-essential metals, in the muscles of abalones decreased as the organisms became older. In addition, no significant difference was apparent in Cu, Mn, and Zn concentrations, three essential metals, with increases in shell length (age), although a close negative linear relationship with growth was observed in Zn in one habitat. These results indicate that abalone has an ability to differentiate those metals and develops this ability as the organism became older. This effect appears to be almost consistent, despite habitat variation in the genus Haliotis .     

对虾微量元素研究进展

微量元素作为多种酶的辅助因子或结构成分,参与机体多种新陈代谢过程,在维持动物健康和正常生理功能中发挥着极其重要的作用。动物对微量元素营养需求极少,但缺乏、过量或摄入不平衡都会对动物机体生长代谢、免疫、繁殖等带来严重不良影响。本文较详细、系统地总结了国内外关于微量元素在对虾生长代谢、免疫、疾病预防、性腺发育等方面的作用,以及对虾对无机和有机微量元素的吸收、转运和代谢机理,为今后开展对虾优质配合饲料研发提供理论依据。     

十字花科作物单倍体育种研究进展

综述了十字花科作物单倍体育种的研究进展 ,包括花药培养和游离小孢子培养在十字花科作物育种上的应用 ,及提高出胚率的主要技术路线。讨论了存在问题及今后的研究方向     

Polyacrylate polymers as immobilizing agents to aid phytostabilization of two mine soils

We evaluated the effect of polyacrylate polymers as immobilizing agents to aid phytostabilization of two mine soils. One soil had a very low pH (3.7) and a large Pb content, while the other was less acidic but had a greater content of Cu and Zn. Growth of perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L. cv. Victorian) was stimulated in polymer-amended soils. After ryegrass had been growing for 35 days, the amounts of water-extractable Cu, Zn and Pb (one soil only) present in the polymer-amended soils were smaller than those from soil without polymer. The number of culturable heterotrophic bacteria and the activities of dehydrogenase and β-glucosidase increased following polymer application. In contrast, the urease activity was impaired by polymer application, presumably because of the presence of ammonium as a counter ion. In another experiment, the acidic soil was limed to pH 6.5 before growth of perennial ryegrass took place. Liming the soil greatly enhanced plant growth, but by the third cut, differences between treatments became apparent, with plants from polymer-amended limed soil accumulating a greater biomass compared with limed soil without polymer. After ryegrass had been growing for 119 days (five cuts), the amount of water-extractable Pb and the urease activity in the polymer-amended soil were smaller than those from limed soil without polymer. The numbers of culturable heterotrophic bacteria and the activities of dehydrogenase, β-glucosidase and acid phosphatase increased following polymer application. The results are consistent with phytostabilization being achieved by the application of polyacrylate polymers, improving soil chemical and biological properties. In very acidic soils, the use of both a liming material and polymer together appears to give a considerable advantage.     

原子吸收光谱法测定穿心莲中的微量元素

用浓硝酸微波消解样品,火焰原子吸收光谱法直接测定穿心莲中Fe、Cu、Mg、Ca、Mn、Zn 6种微量元素的含量.测定方法简单,精密度高,回收率在90.0%～101.8%,相对标准偏差(RSD)小于1.4%.     

原子吸收法测定中药两面针微量元素含量

运用火焰原子吸收分光光度法和石墨炉法对两面针样品中的金属元素Fe、Cu、Zn、Mg、Ca、Pb、Sn 的含量进行了测定.结果表明,试验方法简单,精密度和灵敏度高,回收率为98.26%-100.57%,结果可靠.两面针中中Ca、Fe、Zn含量较高.     

Study of trace metals in Indian major carp species from wastewater‐fed fishponds of East Calcutta Wetlands

Fish grown in the East Calcutta Wetland (ECW) areas in West Bengal, India amass waste elements within their body through nutritional uptake and accumulation. The present investigation had been carried out to study the extent of accumulation of different waste elements in tissues of Indian major carps (IMCs) commonly cultured in composite industrial wastewater‐fed fishponds in ECW, India. Energy‐dispersive X‐ray fluorescence spectrometric studies were used to estimate metals like chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and lead (Pb) in water and sediment of fishponds, and in fish tissues (gill, liver and muscle) of three economically important IMCs, rohu (Labeo rohita), katla (Catla catla) and mrigel (Cirrhinus mrigala), collected from contaminated and control sites. It is evident from the study that mainly liver is the site of maximum accumulation of the elements, while gill, in most cases, is the site of least metal accumulation in the three IMC species studied. Principal component analysis reveals that Fe and Cr were in the first component and thereby must be having a major influence in trace metals uptake and bioaccumulation. Tissue‐specific and species‐specific patterns of metal concentration and partitioning were apparent from our present study.     

海水中痕量金属元素对海洋生物作用研究的进展

海水中痕量金属元素对海洋生物作用研究的进展袁有宪，曲克明（中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所，青岛２６６０７１）ＡＤＶＡＮＣＥＳＯＦＩＮＶＥＳＴＩＧＡＴＩＯＮＯＮＴＨＥＡＣＴＩＯＮＯＦＴＲＡＣＥＭＥＴＡＬＩＮＳＥＡＷＡＴＥＲＴＯＭＡＲＩＮＥＯＲＧＡＮＩ...