日粮中添加不同比例木薯茎叶对海南黑山羊生长性能、血清生化指标和养分表观消化率的影响

试验旨在研究将晒干的木薯茎叶以不同比例与精料混合制成的全混合日粮对海南黑山羊生长性能、血清生化指标和养分表观消化率的影响。选择20只海南黑山羊,分成4组（Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组）,每组5只羊（3公2母）,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组的精料与木薯茎叶比例分别为3：7、4：6、5：5、6：4,试验期60 d。结果显示,Ⅲ组海南黑山羊的平均日增重（ADG）、平均日采食量（ADFI）均高于其他3组,且Ⅲ组ADG显著高于Ⅰ组（P<0.05）;除了Ⅰ组谷丙转氨酶（ALT）显著高于Ⅳ组（P<0.05）外,其他血清生化指标在各组间差异均不显著（P>0.05）;Ⅲ组的饲料养分表观消化率均最高,且均呈Ⅰ组到Ⅲ组逐渐升高,Ⅳ组降低的趋势。综合以上结果,海南黑山羊育肥羊日粮中木薯茎叶与精料的适宜比例为5：5,在此基础上,也可适当降低精料含量,增加木薯茎叶含量,以达到降低饲养成本的目的,但建议木薯茎叶添加比例不宜超过60%。     

十九种植物净化生活污水总氮及总磷能力的比较

研究了吉林市松花江沿岸耐湿能力较强的19种植物对生活污水中总氮、总磷的净化效果。结果表明:植物对城市生活污水具有一定的净化作用,不同植物的净化效果具有一定差异;洋铁酸模对总氮的净化效果最好,最高净化率为29.14%;彩叶草对总磷的净化效果最好,最高净化率为58.04%;泽泻、戟叶蓼、彩叶草、马蔺、水芹对生活污水中总氮、总磷综合净化能力较高,可用于污水净化植物景观的构建。     

Effects of deficit irrigation strategies on cluster microclimate for improving fruit composition of Moscatel field-grown grapevines

The grapevine plays a very important role in the economic, social and cultural sectors of many regions; however vineyards are often grown in regions under stressful conditions and thus they are vulnerable to climate change. The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of partial root-zone drying (PRD) irrigation on vine water relations, vegetative growth, plant microclimate, berry composition and yield components, compared to conventional deficit irrigation (DI, 50% ETc), full irrigation (FI, 100% of ETc) and non-irrigated vines (NI). The study was undertaken in mature ‘Moscatel’ grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.) grown in Pegões, South of Portugal. Compared to the other irrigated treatments, PRD vines showed a better microclimate at the cluster zone with higher incident photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD). Within the more open canopies of NI and PRD treatments, berry temperatures were higher than those of denser ones (DI and FI). Compared to the conventional irrigation technique the better microclimate observed in PRD vines was a consequence of a reduction in vine growth, where lower values of leaf layer number, leaf area, canopy wideness, water shoots and shoot weight were observed. In PRD vines we observed a tendency to a development of a deeper root system, while DI and FI showed a more homogeneous root distribution throughout the different soil layers. PRD showed an improvement in berry quality with higher values of flavour precursors, and total phenols concentration without any significant yield reduction compared to DI and FI.     

Photosynthesis of field-grown Arracacha (Arracacia xanthorriza Bancroft) cultivars in relation to root-yield

There has been limited research on measuring potential differences in leaf gas exchange of Arracacha (Peruvian parsnip, Arracacia xanthorriza Bancroft) cultivars, as affected by different environments, as well as its relation to storage root-yield. The present paper reports field measurements of leaf CO₂ assimilation rates (A) for five contrasting cultivars grown at two different high-altitude locations. Using a design of plots chosen at random with three repetitions, commercial root production was determined in the two locations at different altitude (1580 and 1930 m). Daily leaf gas exchange was repeatedly monitored with a portable open-mode infrared gas analyzer at different times in both locations during the growth cycle. Root-yield, leaf area and dry weight were measured. Significant differences in leaf photosynthetic rate and in specific leaf area (SLA) were observed among cultivars. Cultivars with high SLA, had high CO₂ assimilation. Mean (A_n) and total (A_tot) of CO₂ assimilation and SLA were significantly correlated with storage root-yield across cultivars and locations. The three cultivars with the greatest commercial root production also had the highest maximum values for A and the highest specific leaf area, indicating that these two parameters can be used to select for highly productive cultivars of A. xanthorriza.     

Quality of Highbush Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) and Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) Jam

ABSTRACT

Jam from wild bilberries and from the blueberry culti vars ‘Bluecrop’ and ‘Berkeley’ were analyzed by means of sensory profiling and by instrumental measurement of anthocyanins, color, pH and soluble solids. The study shows that bilberry jam has more “bluish black color,” compared to a more “reddish-blue color” and “glossy” surface of the jam from cultivated blueberries. Bilberry jam was less “smooth” and higher in “viscosity” and “berry density” as well as less distinct in “flavor of flowers and fruits,” while the “blueberry flavor and odor” were more distinct in the bilberry jam than that made of highbush blueberries. Analysis of color by means of sensory hue and instrumental a Hunter lab corresponded well, as did saturation measured by the sensory method and chroma instrumentally measured.     

黄皮种质资源抗氧化特性的鉴定与评价

【目的】了解黄皮种质资源的抗氧化特性及其抗氧化作用的物质基础,为高抗氧化能力黄皮新品种的选育和利用提供参考依据。【方法】以农业农村部广州黄皮种质资源圃中保存的120份种质为材料,测定并比较了不同种质的抗坏血酸含量、总黄酮含量、总多酚含量和1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼自由基(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical,DPPH)清除能力、铁离子还原抗氧化能力(Ferric reducing antioxidant power,FRAP)之间的差异,并利用统计分析软件进行了聚类分析和相关性分析。【结果】测定结果表明:120份黄皮的抗坏血酸含量、总黄酮含量、总多酚含量和DPPH清除能力、FRAP抗氧化能力的变幅分别为328.8～1862.3、3.8～371.6、535.6～3 964.4与135.3～1 255.3、86.8～1 387.5 mg·L^-1,表现出明显的基因型差异;不同来源地和不同类型黄皮种质之间其抗坏血酸含量、总黄酮含量、总多酚含量和DPPH清除能力、FRAP抗氧化能力均存在较大差异。采用K-mean cluster快速...     

核桃不同时期叶片及不同组织RNA提取方法筛选

目的 针对核桃组织中富含多酚、多糖及黄酮类物质含量较高的特点,筛选经济高效、适合核桃不同发育时期叶片及不同组织总RNA的提取方法。 方法 以核桃幼嫩、成龄和衰老叶片为材料,分别采用改良硼砂—CTAB法、改良硼砂—CTAB—异丙醇法、改良SDS法、改良Trizol法Ⅱ以及试剂盒法进行总RNA的提取。以筛选与优化的改良硼砂—CTAB法、改良硼砂—CTAB—异丙醇法分别提取核桃胚、叶柄、韧皮部、雄花的总RNA,并对RNA产量、纯度、电泳图谱和RT-PCR进行分析。 结果 5种方法都可获得核桃总RNA,其中,改良硼砂—CTAB法能够从幼嫩叶片、成龄叶片、叶柄和雄花中获得质量高、完整性好的总RNA,28S rRNA亮度约为18S rRNA的2倍,A260/A280介于1.9～2.1之间,A260/A230大于2.0,且总RNA质量浓度可达1 185.2 ng·μL−1;改良硼砂—CTAB—异丙醇法则适合衰老叶片、胚和韧皮部的提取,总RNA质量浓度可达1 019.0 ng·μL−1。通过RT-PCR在不同组织中均能扩增出核桃18S rRNA和翻译起始因子（JreIF1A）片段。 结论 改良硼砂—CTAB法和改良硼砂—CTAB—异丙醇法相比其他3种方法更易排除蛋白质、酚类等杂质干扰,对于不同时期不同组织均有更好的适用性,提取所获得的总RNA纯度和浓度完全符合后续的分子生物学试验要求。     

太白山金露梅叶总黄酮含量分析

金露梅是太白山重要的林药资源,具有独特的疗效.本研究以合理开发利用金露梅叶为目的,对太白山产金露梅叶总黄酮含量进行了分析研究,结果表明:(1)高海拔生长的金露梅叶比低海拔生长的金露梅叶总黄酮含量高;(2)移栽于温棚的金露梅叶比自然生长的金露梅叶总黄酮含量低;(3)紫外线连续照射能提高棚栽金露梅叶总黄酮含量.该研究结果对...     

全站仪测算伐区设计蓄积的原理及其应用

对全站仪测树原理进行了研究分析,应用全站仪与PC-E500袖珍计算机或PDA连接,可自动测算伐区或样地内每一株立木的树高、胸径或树干任意高度处直径,进而可自动而精准地计算出单木材积和伐区立木蓄积.理论上,树高的量测精度可达1/1 400.直径的量测精度可达1/200.实测结果表明:全站仪重复测量数据比较稳定,直径的量测误差在毫米级以内,树高的量测误差控制在厘米级,材积测定精度可优于1%,均高于测树的需要精度.全站仪测树技术实现了实时、快速、精准测定立木材积,不用材积表推求蓄积量,克服了传统测树方法的缺陷,其实测数据可作为伐区设计立木蓄积的测算依据.