自寻优调整机床主轴转速消除切削振动

提出根据机床切削稳定性的变化规律自寻优调整机床主轴转速的抑振新方法。理论分析和试验结果表明,机床主轴前后两转（次）切削振动的相位差ψ反映了切削振动的本质和特征,ψ＝２７０°是切削过程最稳定的状态。同时,机床主轴转速的变化会直接使相位差发生改变,只要调整主轴转速使相位差为２７０°,切削过程便可以在稳定区进行。作者提出的抑振方法控制振动效果可靠,可在生产中推广应用。     

Wear of spring tine cultivator points in sandy loam and light clay soils in southern Poland

Correct evaluation and forecasting of durability of soil cutting parts are the decisive factors for proper operation of agricultural machinery. During operation of cultivators, over two-fold difference in wear of cultivator points is observed, which makes establishing of their exchange periods extremely difficult. So, there is a need to conduct some research aimed for determination of relationship between arrangement of the points in individual cultivator rows and their wear. The presented experiments were performed under authentic farm conditions during spring soil loosening and levelling operations before sowing and planting, in sandy loam and light clay soils. Changes in length and thickness of the spring tine points, wear patterns and weight loss were measured. Loss in length of spring tine points was described by a complex function of the distance travelled or by an exponential function of the distance from the measuring point to the symmetry axis of a spring tine point; loss in thickness was described by a linear function. It was found that soil type, as well as arrangement of the points in individual cultivator rows and their position in relation to the tractor wheel track, significantly influenced their wear. It was also observed that wear of spring tine points was 40–100% higher in the sandy loam soil than in the light clay soil, and that wear within a tractor wheel track was 17–40% higher than outside the track. Moreover, wear of points positioned in the first row on the cultivator frame was 26–100% higher than wear of those in the third row. The research results emphasise the need for field experiments at compare wear of spring tine points made of different materials or of different designs to take into account differences in wear due to positioning of the points on cultivator frames.     

木工机床临界转速确定方法的探讨

临界转速是木工机床设计与制造的一个主要参数。为确定木工机床主轴刚度、主轴转速的依据。试验中采用ＭＸ５１１２型木工铣床。探讨了木工机床临界转速的３种确定方法。     

关于数控铣削加工中刀具长度补偿功能的探讨

讨论数控铣削加工中应用刀具长度补偿功能的方法和技巧。首先介绍刀具长度补偿建立和撤销的指令格式和编程方法,然后结合对刀过程详细分析了确定刀具长度补偿值的不同方法,最后重点讨论了刀具长度补偿功能在数控铣削加工编程中的具体应用。     

不同类型文摘的管理实践

本文从不同出版物中的文摘定义出发,对文摘的类型进行了研究。通过在读者使用文摘的实践当中,对文摘的内容进行了分析,并将其分为具有很好检索功能、可做检索工具的文摘;不具有检索功能、具有科普读物性质的文摘及混合型文摘三大类。通过对三类文摘的应用进行分析研究,阐述了对三类文摘采用不同的管理方式,达到实现文摘类文献最优利用的目的。     

从文献分析看国内都市农业研究进展

为定量分析出国内都市农业研究的主要人物、研究领域、研究机构及研究层次,明确各年研究的重点、热点等情况。利用《中文科技期刊全文数据库》等检索工具,采用文献计量法,对国内1989— 2014年学术刊物上发表的2502篇都市农业研究文献进行统计分析。发现25年来都市农业发展研究涉及40个学科领域,主要发表在40种期刊上,以社会科学研究数量最多达2082篇,研究人员主要源于高校、科研院所、政府及其职能部门,以期对国内都市农业的进一步研究和学科发展指明方向。     

在德国工业4.0背景下探讨中国机床制造业的发展趋势

2013年12月德国在全球制造业迅猛发展的背景下提出了工业4.0的概念,德国作为世界制造业强国,特别是机床制造业的顶尖国家,其发布该计划对于我国大而不强的机床制造业具有十分重要的意义。近年来,我国积极推进机床制造业的工业化和信息化融合,强调智能化、数字化的德国工业对我国“两化”融合有重要的借鉴意义。     

数控车削零件径向尺寸精度的保证方法

文章介绍了数控车削零件径向尺寸精度的重要性及目的,并以华中世纪星22T系统数控车床为例阐述了径向尺寸精度保证方法及具体的操作流程,充分体现径向尺寸精度控制在提高合格率中起到的重要作用。     

新型根系分泌物采样装置的介绍与应用

根系分泌物在土壤-植物养分循环和缓解植物环境胁迫方面具有重要作用。根系分泌物的收集是研究植物根系过程和相应机制的基础。通常所用的溶液收集法简单易操作,但由于人为扰动大,不能反应根系分泌物的真实情况。介绍了一种新型根系分泌物原位连续采样装置,该装置由根系生长箱和根系分泌物收集装置二部分组成。根系生长箱中土壤和根系之间由滤膜隔开,土壤中的营养元素可以透过滤膜供应植物生长,带有真空抽气泵的根系分泌物收集装置可以实现用去离子水原位淋洗根系、收集根系分泌物的目的。该收集装置外源葡萄糖加标回收率为89%±2%。小麦种植在根系生长箱中,在小麦生长42 d期间,用新型采样装置和溶液收集法分别收集了根系分泌物,研究了小麦根系分泌DOC能力随生长时间的变化。结果表明,收集方法不同,小麦根系分泌DOC能力随生长时间变化不同。在新型收集装置法中,小麦根系分泌DOC能力随着生长时间呈现降低的态势,而溶液收集法则呈现出上升的态势。新型采样装置能实现植物土壤生长条件下原位收集根系分泌物,采样中扰动小,为根系分泌物研究提供了较好的收集方法。但也存在设备复杂、采样流量不易控制等缺点,是今后需要改进的方向。     

Should I fight or should I flight? How studying insect aggression can help integrated pest management

Aggression plays a key role all across the animal kingdom, as it allows the acquisition and/or defence of limited resources (food, mates and territories) in a huge number of species. A large part of our knowledge on aggressive behaviour has been developed on insects of economic importance. How can this knowledge be exploited to enhance integrated pest management? Here, I highlight how knowledge on intraspecific aggression can help IPM both in terms of insect pests (with a focus on the enhancement of the sterile insect technique) and in terms of biological control agents (with a focus on mass‐rearing optimisation). Then, I examine what implications for IPM can be outlined from knowledge about interspecific aggressive behaviour. Besides predator–pest aggressive interactions predicted by classic biological control, I focus on what IPM can learn from (i) interspecific aggression among pest species (with special reference to competitive displacement), (ii) defensive behaviour exhibited by prey against predaceous insects and (iii) conflicts among predaceous arthropods sharing the same trophic niche (with special reference to learning/sensitisation practices and artificial manipulation of chemically mediated interactions). © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry