Relationship between soak time and number of enmeshed animals in experimentally lost gill nets

In order to determine the effects of ghost fishing by lost gill nets, the relationship was examined between soak time and number of enmeshed animals in experimentally lost gill nets by using diving observations. Two experimental gill nets were set at 13 m depth in Tateyama Bay, Chiba Prefecture, Japan for approximately 200 days. One gill net was deployed in a small trough surrounded by artificial reefs, and the other was deployed on an adjacent open sandy bed. Twelve species of crustaceans, six species of gastropods, and five species of bony fish were enmeshed in the experimental gill nets. The number of enmeshed animals in the artificial reef gill net was substantially larger than that in the sandy bed gill net. The number of enmeshed animals in the experimental gill nets increased rapidly within one month after deployment, and then declined gradually showing fluctuations caused by the decrease in newly enmeshed animals, and the drop off from gill nets caused by the decomposition of dead animals. The decrease in the number of enmeshed animals was expressed by logarithmic equations, and based on these equations, the duration of capture function for the lost gill nets was calculated to be 284–561 days in the artificial reef gill net and 200 days in the sandy bed gill net. The duration of capture function for the lost gill nets for non-commercial by-catch species such as small crustaceans and gastropods was longer than for commercial species such as Japanese spiny lobster and bony fish.     

Service Life Prediction of Concrete Structures under Chloride Environment

The problems rendered from the conventional time marching, referring to stepwise time marching scheme (STMS) adopted in boundary element method (BEM) for chloride diffusion in concrete structures, were investigated, and a new time marching, referring to initial time marching scheme (ITMS) in BEM, was developed for evaluation of service life of the concrete structures under chloride environment. Results of the numerical examples show that the ITMS-BEM proposed can eliminate domain integral and simplify the computational model, so that the stability in iteration process can be improved, resulting in better efficiency and accuracy, compared with the STMS-BEM. It can also be concluded that the dimensions of the diffusion of chloride can affect the service life of the concrete structure significantly, which should be taken into account in structural design.     

播期和基本苗对扬麦5号产量影响的成因分析

以扬麦5号为材料。设置2.5、7.5、12.5、17.5kg/亩4种播量,即约4、11.5、17.5、20.5万/亩基本苗,和10月9、19、29日和11月9日4个播期处理,探讨其产量形成规律.结果表明:处理问产量呈极显著的差异.从产量构成因素看,10月9日播种,每穗粒数对产量的作用为最大,属分蘖成穗为主的大穗栽培类型;10月19、29日播种,每亩穗数和每穗粒数对产量的作用较大。属穗粒协调栽培类型;11月9日播种,每亩秘数对产量的作用最大,属主茎成穗为主多穗栽培类型.适当早播,可使扬麦5号成熟期提前.     

高产奶牛孕检后同期发情程序选择的研究

为了研究适用于高产奶牛的同期发情程序方案,将218头膘情良好、子宫和卵巢发育正常的不同胎次荷斯坦牛随机分成两组,试验1组为106头,试验2组为112头,分别采用两种同期程序(0.5.6.8和0.7.8.9)进行处理,测定情期受胎率,用于评价两种同期程序对高产奶牛的适用性.结果表明,试验2组情期受胎率平均为41.96％,...     

福建超级稻品种干物质生产特性研究

分析4个超级稻品种的干物质积累、分配、转运和群体生长率等生理特性。结果表明:超级稻品种的叶面积指数(LAI)呈抛物线动态变化,齐穗期达最高值;各品种的群体生长率(CGR)均以齐穗期-乳熟期为最高,且整个生育过程各超级稻品种的CGR均高于对照,具有较强的光合生产能力;超级稻产量与生育前期的干物质积累量关系不密切,而与中后期的干物质积累量呈极显著的正相关,显示超级稻品种的干物质生产优势在中后期;超级稻品种平均的茎叶干物质输出率和表观转变率均比对照低;超级稻品种稻谷产量显著高于对照的原因,是依赖超级稻品种具有高额的干物质生产量及生育中后期叶片更多的光合作用。     

改进型微动力一体化生物膜反应器处理灰水并回用研究

[目的]为灰水的利用提供依据。[方法]利用改进型微动力一体式生物膜反应器处理灰水,监测了进出水的CODCr、LAS、TN和SS以及反应器的温度、pH值和DO。[结果]进水CODCr平均为188 mg/L,出水CODCr平均为32 mg/L,CODCr去除率为80.2%~86.9%。当水力停留时间(HRT)≤3 h时,系统对污染物的去除率随停留时间的延长增长较快。当HRT>3 h时,系统对污染物的去除率随停留时间的延长增长变缓;HRT=3.5 h时,系统对CODCr、LAS的去除率分别为91.7%、81.2%。反应器在常温下按HRT=3.5 h运行时,处理后灰水符合《生活杂用水水质标准》的要求。CODCr、LAS的去除率随温度变化变化不大,TN的去除率下降了40.4%。[结论]改进型微动力一体化生物膜反应器的最佳水力停留时间为3.5 h,系统对CODCr、LAS的去除率分别为91.7%、81.2%。     

石河子地区水资源时空合理配置模型研究

对公共水资源在多个分区之间进行分配,坚持可持续利用和基本用水安全的规则下,从经济学的角度利用统计资料计算经济作物用水边际效益,提出基于水资源利用边际效益的空间分配模型和灌溉制度最优的时段配置模型,利用大系统递阶协调理论,计算石河子地区水资源时空配置结果。     

不同采收时间棉花衣分和纤维品质的比较分析

以17个不同类别的棉花品系为试验材料,采取不同时间收获籽棉,研究其衣分和纤维品质的变化趋势。结果表明:衣分以前期收获籽棉的最高,霜后花的最低;棉纤维长度受环境因素影响较小,比强度则以中前期收获的棉纤维较高,霜后花比强度明显下降,霜后花的棉纤维马克隆值均在4.0以下,棉纤维成熟度最差。     

论鲜活农产品直配模式的形成机理及交易效率——以河北省为例

随着我国农业产业化程度的提高和农产品流通体制的健全,鲜活农产品在其生产和流通领域正在发生一些变化。通过对河北各地的实地考察,文章对河北省鲜活农产品配送模式中两种典型的直配模式进行了分析和比较,认为"合作经济组织+超市"模式具有较高的组织化程度和交易效率,但由于其市场目标一般为高端市场,其规模不宜太大;"生产基地+终端消费市场"模式计划性很强,是目前组织化程度最高的配送模式之一,但其外生交易费用较高。     

施加外源乙烯时机对MA贮藏桃果实品质的影响

为了改善桃果实低温贮藏期间品质降低情况,探讨了大久保桃果实在低温条件下自发气调（MA）贮藏期间,不同时间（0、15和30 d）加入外源乙烯处理（50～80 μL/L）的效果,测定在贮藏期间及20℃下回温3 d后果实的硬度、可溶性固形物含量（SSC）、腐烂指数、可滴定酸（TA）、总糖、维生素C（Vc）的含量。结果表明,在0℃下MA贮藏15、30 d加入外源乙烯处理能较好地保持果实的质地、可溶性固形物含量,降低桃果实的腐烂率。同时15 d时加入外源乙烯处理还能较好地保持总糖和Vc含量,但对可滴定酸的影响与其他MA处理差异不显著。研究表明,MA贮藏大久保桃果实在第15天进行外源乙烯处理效果最好。