木材炭化机理的研究——炭化方法和炭化条件对杉木间伐材炭化物物性的影响

采用一步炭化法与二步炭化法，加盖炭化法与未（不）加盖炭化法对杉木间伐材木屑在不同炭化条件下进行热解研究，同时结合元素分析方法，探讨了杉木间伐材木屑炭化的固体产物得率及其基本性质的变化规律。研究结果表明：炭化温度在400-600℃之间，炭化物得率下降十分明显，此后相对趋于恒定；加盖炭化法的得率高于未加盖法；升温速率对炭化物得率有较大影响。无论是一步炭化法还是二步法，炭化氛围气为空气时的炭化物固定碳含量及炭化物的还原性较氮气高。无论氛围气体是空气还是氮气，炭化物的还原性均随着炭化温度升高而升高。     

过密林分间伐后林木连年生长量的测定

通过对朝阳县二十家子镇杨树林地采取人工间伐和保持林分原状 2种经营形式的对比试验得出 :过密林分经间伐 ,林木连年生长量显著 ;不进行间伐的过密林分 ,林木生长缓慢 ,树势老化衰退 ,枯立木和病虫害木增多 ,二者差异显著     

华北落叶松抚育间伐技术的研究

本文论述了如何以效应生长量分析为基础,通过对华北落叶松人工林间伐林分的研究,建立与间伐有关的系列断面积收获预估模型。以此为基础,提出了一套确定抚育间伐强度和预测目标径级收获量的具体方法.通过对伐前密度为5550株·hm~(-2),地位指数级为10的华北落叶松人工林的研究,提出了间伐起始期15a,间隔期5a,采取4次间伐,间伐株强分别为30.3％,17.1％.22.4％,7.8％的间伐体制。     

杉木间伐小径材材性试验研究

杉木间伐小径材材性试验结果与成材杉木比较:密度小,晚材率较低,生长较快,吸水性较强;材质为未成熟幼林材种,物理性质较差,力学强度有所降低,作为建筑结构用材时,在设计与施工中必须注意到其强度的降低,采取必要的措施。杉木间伐小径材纤维长度与成材相似,纤维宽度略宽、纤维长宽比值略小,但尚为良好的纤维原料。     

Effects Of Thinning In a Water-Limited Holm Oak Forest

ABSTRACT

A natural holm oak forest was selectively thinned to test thinning as a tool to reduce tree mortality, increase productivity, and reverse the recent regression of the dominant species (Quercus ilex) induced by climate change. Thinning increased aboveground productivity and reduced stem mortality in this Mediterranean forest during four years just after thinning, contributing to the maintenance of forest functioning under changing climatic conditions. Q. ilex was the only species positively affected by the thinning: stem growth increased for all stem sizes, and mortality was significantly lower in thinned plots. On the contrary, mortality rates of Phillyrea latifolia and Arbutus unedo were not significantly lower. Stem growth increased for P. latifolia only in the smallest stem-size class. Our results highlight the suitability of selective thinning for improving the forest productivity and ensuring the conservation of Mediterranean coppices. Other benefits of selective thinning, such as a decrease in the risk of fire dispersion and an increase in the water supply for human populations, are also discussed.     

杨梅疏果量与经济效益关系分析

用比较分析法和多目标最优化法对不同的杨梅疏果量与投入、产量、产值、效益的关系进行比较、分析表明 :疏果措施可提高杨梅的品质 ,增加产值和收益 ,当疏果量达到 6 0 %时有最大的纯收益 ,疏果量达到 70 %时有最好的投资效果 ,6 0 %～ 70 %的疏果量是杨梅最佳疏果方案     

落叶松人工林间伐技术优化研究*

本文以林分生长模型为基础，将林分的经营指数作为状态变量，将主伐时林分平均直径作为目标，将达到这一目标时林分总收获蓄积量作为指标函数，建立了离散确定性动态规划模型，编制了计算机模拟系统。利用此系统即可对落叶松不同培育目标下的最佳间伐时间、间伐强度和主伐年龄等进行决策。结果表明，优化决策方法在保留株数、间伐次数和总收获蓄积量上都优于一般决策方法，它既可对落叶松林分进行生长预测，也可为制定经营单位的经营     

Early height development and species stratification across five climax series in the eastern Washington Cascade range

Reconstruction in twenty single-cohort stands across five climax series on the eastern slope of the Washington Cascade Range found a variety of species combinations and development patterns. Western larch (Larix occidentalis Nutt.) and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud) were found to be very competitive species that usually occupied a dominant position in stands in the Abies grandis, Abies lasiocarpa, and Tsuga mertensiana climax series. Interior Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca (Mirb.) Franco) was found in all five climax series and, although its height growth was less than that of western larch or the lodgepole pine, it was usually found in the upper stratum. These results suggest that site classification based on climax potential should be used cautiously when applied to young stand management decisions regarding seral species. For example, the difference between an Abies grandis, and a Tsuga mertensiana climax series is quite large in terms of potential productivity but in either case western larch, if present, will likely dominate these stands.     

雷州尾叶桉树冠指标与抚育间伐关系的探讨

通过对雷州尾叶桉树冠有效受光面积、树冠比率、树冠投影面积进行调查研究,分别用树冠有效受光面积、树冠比率、投影面积与胸径建立一元幂函数回归方程进行研究与分析,结果表明树冠有效受光面积公式对指导培育中径材较好;树冠比率与树冠投影面积公式的回归效果基本一致,对指导培育小径材较为理想,并利用上述回归公式编制单株营养面积、公顷立木株数和公顷基面积表为尾叶桉人工林的抚育间伐设计与施工提供理论依据。     

Potential long-term growth gains from early clump thinning of coppice-regenerated oak stands

A study was established in the Missouri Ozarks to evaluate coppice regeneration of oak. Five years after a 32-year-old stand was clearcut and regenerated naturally through stump sprouts, the dominant sprout on each stump was identified based upon height. Treated plots were thinned to the single dominant sprout on each stump whereas control plots were not thinned. Twenty-five years later the largest 247, 371, 494, and 618 stems per ha were examined and height of the dominant sprout at age 5 was found to be strongly related to dbh at age 30 in both thinned and unthinned plots. However, in the thinned plots, the largest 494 stems per ha were on average 11%, 28%, and 58% greater, respectively, in height, dbh, and volume compared to similar dominant sprouts in unthinned plots. Logistic regression analysis was used to develop curves for the evaluation of potential gains from clump thinning. In this analysis, the average height of a stand at age 5 was used to estimate thinning gains at age 30.