贵南县乡镇农业技术推广体系存在的问题及其对策建议

乡镇农业技术推广体系是实施科技兴农战略的重要力量,乡镇农业技术推广人员对于提高农民科学文化整体素质起到重要作用。笔者通过对贵南县乡镇农业技术推广现状分析,指出乡镇农业技术推广工作存在着基础设施条件差、推广经费不足、管理体制不顺、推广工作难度大、专业技术人员少、业务素质不高、农技人员待遇低等突出问题,并结合实际,有针对性地提出了搞好乡镇农业技术推广工作的对策建议。     

Effect of oral trazodone on the minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane in dogs

Objective

To determine the effect of oral trazodone on the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of isoflurane in dogs.

The effects of physostigmine on the electroretinogram in the beagle dog

The purpose of the study was to correlate electroretinogram (ERG) parameters with increasing levels of plasma, erythrocyte and ocular tissue cholinesterase inhibition using the beagle dog as a model for human neurovisual toxicity. The anticholinesterase compound physostigmine was administered at various steady-state intravenous infusion rates based on pharmacokinetic estimates of plasma and red blood cell cholinesterase inhibition. The most sensitive parameter was the b-wave amplitude of the rod response, which was significantly depressed compared to pretreatment at all levels of acute cholinesterase depression. The overall maximal ERG response demonstrated a trend of declining a-and b-wave amplitudes, which corresponded with the increased levels of cholinesterase depression, but these differences were not significant. The depression of the electroretinogram rod and cone amplitudes appeared to parallel plasma cholinesterase inhibition more closely than erythrocyte cholinesterase activity. Ocular tissue cholinesterase activity was significantly depressed in the retina (70%), cornea (60%) and dorsal rectus extraocular muscle (46%). Electroretinography may be a useful physiological tool for evaluating the ocular toxicity of certain chemicals or pharmaceuticals associated with cholinesterase biomarker activity.Abbreviations AChE acetylcholinesterase - Amp amplitude - BuChE butyrylcholinesterase - C _p plasma level - C _ss steady-state plasma concentration - D _L loading dose - e ^–kt the rate of elimination over time (t) - ERG electroretinogram - k elimination rate constant - Lat latency - MBW metabolic body weight - O₁–O₅ consecutive oscillatory potential wavelets - PreTx pretreatment - R rate of infusion - R _Inf rate of infusion - V _d volume of distribution     

Investigation of the Role of Androstenedione-19-oic Acid in the Presence of 19-Norandrostenedione in Intact Male Horse Plasma Using Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry

A liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method was developed to confirm the presence of androstenedione-19-oic acid in intact male equine plasma and to show the source of 19-norandrostenedione in equine plasma. Androstenedione-19-oic acid was recovered from acidified plasma by liquid–liquid extraction using methyl tert-butyl ether and separated on an Ace 5 C₈ column. A triple quadrupole mass spectrometer was used to detect the analytes in negative electrospray ionization mode. Limits of detection, quantification, and confirmation of the method were 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 ng/mL, respectively. The linear dynamic range of quantification was 0.5–50 ng/mL. The presence of androstenedione-19-oic acid was confirmed in all plasma samples obtained from intact male horses but not those from gelded and female horses; the average concentration was 3.1 ± 1.6 ng/mL, suggesting androstenedione-19-oic acid is an endogenous compound only in intact male horse plasma samples. The conversion of androstenedione-19-oic acid to 19-norandrostenedione in equine plasma was demonstrated by spiking androstenedione-19-oic acid into blank plasma and monitoring the generation of 19-norandrostenedione and its increase in concentration during storage. Results indicated that androstenedione-19-oic acid was readily converted into 19-norandrostenedione; the higher the storage temperature, the faster the conversion. The conversion was not affected by the types of plasma samples collected from gelded and female horses or by anticoagulants used in blood collection to harvest plasma. Compared with other matrices such as water, methanol, and phosphate-buffered saline, the conversion of androstenedione-19-oic to 19-norandrostenedione in equine plasma was faster, suggesting that there is an unknown factor(s) in equine plasma that enhances the conversion.     

电感耦合等离子体质谱仪测定乳粉中铅的检出限方法优化

对电感耦合等离子体质谱法检测铅的检出限进行研究,通过对实验过程中所用器皿、试剂等因素进行分?析,建立超声清洗处理方式,有效降低空白值,使电感耦合等离子体质谱仪法测定乳粉中铅的检出限由0.02 mg/kg降?低到0.005 mg/kg。当铅的添加水平为0.005～0.015 mg/kg时,样品的加标回收率为86.9%～119.0%,相对标准偏差为?3.1%～12.3%,满足方法学验证要求,说明了整体方案的可行性。降低检出限后的方法适用于乳粉中铅的检测。     

First report of thelaziosis (Thelazia anolabiata) in an Andean Cock of the Rock (Rupicola peruviana) from Peru

Thelazia anolabiata is a spirurid nematode living in the orbits of birds which can cause lacrimation, keratitis, conjunctivitis, and corneal ulcers. This species is reported for the first time from an Andean Cock of the Rock, Rupicola peruviana (Passeriformes: Cotingidae), from a zoo in Lima, Peru. Clinical signs of keratoconjunctivitis were resolved with the treatment of ivermectin, ciprofloxacin, and an epithelium regenerator, and the host is presently in good health. The nematodes were identified using the primary characteristics used to differentiate the species of this genus as lengths of spicules and other morphologic characteristics.     

五龙鹅早期血浆总蛋白质消长规律与成分研究

本试验选用五龙鹅蛋用系与快长系各150只进行网床育肥试验,测定血浆总蛋白质含量,并进行PAGE电泳。结果显示:初生雏鹅血浆总蛋白质含量较高,随着日龄(1~90 d)增加呈先下降后升高趋势,以对数函数和抛物线函数分段拟合效果较佳,R2为0.9445、0.9568;血浆总蛋白质含量在性别间差异不显著,品系间差异显著。PAGE电泳结果表明:血浆中蛋白质种类在品系、性别间没有差异,随日龄的增加亦没有条带变化。清蛋白含量的变化是引起血浆总蛋白质含量变化的主要因素。     

蜂胶抗菌效果影响的研究

以乙醇浸出提取的蜂胶和CO2超临界萃取提取的蜂胶为材料,测定了两种蜂胶的效果和最低抑菌浓度。结果表明:两种蜂胶对大肠埃希氏杆菌、枯草杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、白念珠菌和紫色癣菌都有一定抑菌效果,最低抑菌浓度为1.54～3.08mg/mL。     

救必应水提取物对产ESBLs细菌的抑菌机理研究

为了探讨救必应水提取物的抑菌作用及抑菌机理,采用2倍微量稀释法和琼脂平板稀释培养计数法,测定救必应水提取物对产ESBLs(extended spectrum β-lactamases)细菌的最小抑菌浓度(minimal inhibitory concentration,MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(minimal bactericidal concentration,MBC),通过对细菌生长曲线、细菌超微结构、细胞壁和细胞膜通透性变化试验、核酸合成抑制试验研究救必应水提取物的抑菌机理。结果表明,与不添加提取物的对照组相比,救必应水提取物能够影响细菌的生长规律,使细菌破损严重,细胞壁和细胞膜通透性增加,细胞质外渗,菌液中AKP含量、可溶性蛋白含量增多、大肠杆菌DNA荧光强度明显减弱。研究表明,救必应水提取物的抑菌机理是通过细菌细胞壁和细胞膜通透性的变化,抑制细菌核酸的合成实现的。