四川省食用菌科技示范县品种及菌种调查研究（连载二）——菌种生产与菌种销售

报告了四川省3个食用茵科技示范县的菌种保藏方法、菌种贮藏方法、菌种生产企业、菌种销售地区和销售价格等菌种生产与销售调查结果。提出了菌种生产中存在着“技术标准化、规范化程度不高”和“劳动用工紧张、工价大幅上涨”两个主要问题。建议采取开展茵种生产技术培训和政府给予菌种直接补贴及生产机械设备补贴等措施解决问题。     

野生墨汁鬼伞的驯化与栽培

以北京市怀柔区宝山镇野生墨汁鬼伞(Coprinus atramentarius)为试验材料,对其母种、原种培养基配方进行优化筛选,并采用不同栽培方式研究了野生墨汁鬼伞人工驯化的培养条件。结果表明:实验范围内供试菌株的菌丝体生长最适碳源为葡萄糖+玉米淀粉,最适氮源是蛋白胨,最适pH值为9。培养料配方以棉籽壳、麸皮、玉米粉、石灰、锯末、石膏的配方最好,出菇以菌棒立栽覆土效果最好,覆土后55d现菇蕾,3～5d可采收。第一潮出菇生物学效率可达40%左右,条件适宜可出3～4潮菇。     

林业院校《汽车文化》公共选修课的建设与改革

通过对林业院校特点的分析,阐述了其开设《汽车文化》公共选修课的意义。结合近几年的教学实践,介绍了《汽车文化》公共选修课程的教学内容和安排,以推动该课程在林业院校的教学建设与改革。     

Antibody prevalence of low-pathogenicity avian influenza and evaluation of management practices in Minnesota backyard poultry flocks

Low‐pathogenicity avian influenza (LPAI) viruses have caused illness in poultry and humans with poultry contact. To determine whether there is evidence of exposure to avian influenza viruses (AIV) among backyard poultry in Minnesota and their human caretakers, 150 flocks of backyard birds were sampled for antibodies to AIV from August 2007 through December 2008. One hundred flocks were tested through routine slaughter surveillance by the Minnesota Board of Animal Health and an additional 50 flocks were contacted and sampled by study investigators. Blood was collected from 10 to 13 birds from each flock and a survey of biosecurity and management practices was administered to the flock owner. Blood samples were tested by agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) for influenza A antibodies. Tested flocks had a median flock size of 100 birds (range: 12–800 birds), and were most commonly owned for meat for personal use (81% of respondents), fun or hobby (58%) and eggs for personal use (56%). Although 7% of flock owners reported that their birds had shown respiratory signs in the previous 3 months, only 1 of 150 flocks tested positive for influenza by AGID. Antibodies to LPAI H6N1 were detected in the positive flock. The owner of the positive flock did not have antibodies to H6 or other common AIV. Based on the findings of this study, the risk of transmission of LPAI viruses from backyard poultry to owners in Minnesota appears to be low under current conditions and management practices.     

《家禽生产学》培养学生实践能力教学模式的建立

从大学教育中注重学生实践能力培养的重要性入手,对作者在《家禽生产学》专业教学中总结出的专业课《家禽生产学》的教学模式进行探讨,旨在提出一种新的思路——如何在专业课教学中培养学生的实践操作能力,以切实提高课程的教学效果,使学生在毕业后走向工作岗位时,既具有扎实的理论知识,又具有和娴熟的实践技能。     

高校思政课学习动机问卷编制

在前期研究与访谈的基础上,经过预测和正式施测,使用项目分析、探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析来编制问卷。结果发现:(1)大学生《思想道德修养与法律基础》课学习动机问卷由20个项目组成,分别属于认知修养动机、情绪情感动机、人际互动动机及获得认可动机。(2)修订后的问卷具有较好的信度和效度,可以作为考察《思想道德修养与法律基础》课教学效果的指标之一。     

《园林史》课程教学的优化途径探讨

我国园林教育发展迅速,很多高校开设了园林相关专业,园林史是园林专业的基础课程。文章针对学生学习兴趣不高的问题,通过分析课程自身特点,阐述学习园林史的必要性,通过丰富文化背景、比较风格差异、注意中西方接驳、增加现代内容来更新和完善教学内容,采用动静相宜、讲赏析结合及角色互换等方式改革和优化教学方法,探索园林史教学的优化途径,取得良好的教学效果,以期为园林史教学提供参考。     

Bacteria inhabiting artificially inoculated xylem of Picea abies

Bacteria inhabiting the xylem of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karsten) were investigated. The trees had been wounded and artificially inoculated with fungi and bacteria obtained from wounds of naturally infected spruce. One and five growing seasons after inoculation the Gram‐negative bacterial population present in the stem of inoculated trees were analysed.

The Gram‐negative bacteria isolated from the trees were identified on the basis of morphological, biochemical and physiological tests and whole‐cell fatty acid composition. The predominant strains were Enterobacteriaceae fermenter strains (E. agglomerans or E. sakazakii), fluorescent and yellow pigmented Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter and Moraxella spp. All Gram‐positive bacteria were Bacillus species.

The Gram‐negative bacteria of Norway spruce differed from the Gram‐positive species in possessing stronger lipolytic activity and in their ability to utilize pine resins for growth. Gram‐positive bacteria were generally able to utilise cellulose and hemicellulose, whereas among the Gram‐negative bacteria only one xylanolytic (yellow Pseudomonas) strain was found.     

加强实验室建设 提高《动物病理学》教学效果

随着我国教育教学体制的改革与发展,《动物病理学》作为高职高专院校兽医专业的必修课,提高该课程的教学质量成为亟待解决的问题之一。从2009年开始进行《动物病理学》课程的改革与探索,发现了病理解剖实验室中存在的若干问题,并从改善实验室教学环境、动物标本的建设和管理、实验室开放及队伍建设等方面进行了一系列的探讨,以期为提高《动物病理学》教学效果提供参考与借鉴。     

《家畜繁殖学》课堂教学的实践与体会

《家畜繁殖学》是动物科学专业重要的专业基础课,其理论和实践的联系非常紧密。通过理论与实践事例相结合、使用顺口溜、腾讯QQ群、建立良好的师生关系以及学一些维语发音5个方面介绍了《家畜繁殖学》教学的心得体会。