预浸对番茄种胚形态结构及发芽的影响

－１．０ ＭＰａ ＰＥＧ－６０００（聚乙二醇）渗控处理可以明显地促使番茄种子发芽快而整齐，而水预浸处理对番茄种子促发作用不明显，如处理时间过长，番茄种胚会发生不可逆生长，尤其是胚根，时常发生可见的机械伤害，影响种子生活力或使幼苗畸形；而渗控处理一般不会产生这种伤害。无论渗控处理还是短时间水预浸处理，均可诱使番茄种子产生自由空隙并使种子体积增大，这种自由空隙是由于种胚吸水膨胀，脱水后可恢复到原来的位     

杂交稻种传真菌及稻种药剂处理研究

测定了１３个杂交稻组合、亲本和３个常规精种上种传真菌的种类及数量，进行了种子带菌部位及病菌系统修染的观察，阐明了稻种带菌率与发芽率之间的关系，并筛进出了几种有效的稻种真菌消毒剂．     

Control ofRhizoctonia solani andSclerotium rolfsii in the greenhouse using endophyticBacillus spp.

Isolates of different endophytic bacteria were recovered from surface-disinfected seeds obtained from commercial companies, plants in the field and tissue culture. The bacteria were isolated from seeds after stringent surfacedisinfection.Pseudomonas fluorescens (isolate no. 14) from bean inhibited growth of all fungi tested and was fluorescent on King B medium.Bacillus cereus fromSinapis (isolate no. 65) inhibited growth ofRhizoctonia solani, Pythium ultimum andSclerotium rolfsii and also exhibited chitinase activity.Bacillus subtilis from onion tissue culture (isolate no. 72) inhibitedR. solani andP. ultimum growth.B. cereus from cauliflower (isolate no. 78) inhibited growth ofR. solani. B. pumilus from sunflower (isolate no. 85) inhibited growth ofR. solani andS. rolfsii. B. cereus (isolate no. 65) was introduced into cotton, and by using radioactive labelling we found that it was present for 16 days in the root-stem junction. It is most likely that these bacteria were still found 72 days after their introduction in the root and stem, at levels of 2.8·10⁵ and 5·10⁴ cfu g^–1 fresh weight, respectively, when selective medium was used. There was no difference between control and treated plants in their height or in the fresh weight of roots, stems and leaves.When cotton seedlings were inoculated withB. cereus (isolate no. 65),B. subtilis (isolate no. 72) orB. pumilus (isolate no. 85), disease incidence caused byRhizoctonia solani was reduced in the greenhouse by 51%, 46% and 56%, respectively. In bean seedlings inoculated withB. subtilis (isolate no. 72),B. cereus (isolate no. 78) orB. pumilus (isolate no. 65), disease incidence caused bySclerotium rolfsii was reduced by 72%, 79% and 26%, respectively, as compared to control. In both cotton and bean seedlings, these endophytes reduced the disease index more than 50%. These results indicate that endophytic bacteria can survive inside cotton plants and are efficient agents for biological control against plant pathogens under greenhouse conditions.     

骆驼蓬属种子萌发条件与更新生态位的研究

从植物更新生态位的角度，结合野外实地考察，用室内试验的方法研究了西北地区骆驼蓬属种子萌发的条件，分析了降水量、种子埋藏深度等因子对其累积发芽率的影响，并对该属植物在长期进化过程中，为适应干旱生境所形成的生态对策进行了探讨     

遮阳网对茄子制种效应的研究

湘潭市夏季茄子制种时，用黑色或银灰色遮阳网覆盖，能改善田间小气候环境，使植株增高、叶片多、叶色绿、落果率降低、种子产量显著提高．覆盖黑色网或银灰色网，种子增产幅度差异不显著．     

西芹人工种子研究

用西芹品种“佛罗里达”—优良单株的叶柄组织,在MS+2,4-D 2mg/1琼脂培养基上经4—6周产生疏松愈伤组织.在无激素的MS液体培养基内培养2—3周,由愈伤组织形成的悬浮细胞系,大量发生体细胞胚胎.筛选长度介于1.0—1.5mm的胚状体,用滴球法,海藻酸钠包埋,Ca Cl_2固化,制成人工种子.在含1/4MS大量元素的消毒(石至)石基质上,西芹人工种子能较好地萌发并生长为绿苗.     

满江红有性杂交研究及其鉴定

进行了69个不同组合的满江红有性杂交，有18个组合萌发出苗，其中三膘亚属内种间杂交占13个，三膘亚属与九膘亚属间杂交占5个，而九膘亚属与三膘亚属间杂交和九膘亚属内种间杂交，均未取得成功。对杂交幼苗作脂酶同功酶分析，证实确系杂种后代。 杂种满江红（重组细绿满江红）自交，绿苗率高。应用杂种满江红（重组细绿满江     

Cd胁迫下接种根瘤菌对紫花苜蓿氮代谢的影响

为探讨接种根瘤菌对Cd胁迫下紫花苜蓿氮代谢的影响,采用盆栽试验,以2种紫花苜蓿（维多利亚、WL525HQ）为植物材料,研究Cd（0 mg·kg^-1和50 mg·kg^-1）处理土壤接种根瘤菌对两种紫花苜蓿的氮代谢关键酶活性和含氮化合物的影响。结果表明,Cd胁迫影响紫花苜蓿氮代谢,50 mg·kg^-1 Cd胁迫对未接种根瘤菌紫花苜蓿WL525HQ地上部硝酸还原酶（NR）活性的影响最大,NR活性较0 mg·kg^-1 Cd处理降低85.01%。0 mg·kg^-1 Cd处理时,WL525HQ接种根瘤菌后地上部谷氨酸合成酶（GOGAT）活性较未接种组提高95.53%,维多利亚接种根瘤菌后地上部天冬酰胺合成酶（AS）活性增加33.30%。50 mg·kg^-1 Cd胁迫时,与不接种根瘤菌相比,接种根瘤菌的WL525HQ地上部NR活性增幅最大（164.66%）,接种根瘤菌后维多利亚地下部NR活性与未接种处理相比提高99.46%。50 mg·kg^-1 Cd处理中,接种根瘤菌缓解了Cd胁迫对紫花苜蓿含氮物质积累的抑制,维多利亚、WL525HQ的可溶性蛋白含量分别比未接种组显著提高6.24%和5.82%,游离氨基酸含量增加16.10%和18.70%,维多利亚总氮含量显著提高9.48%。研究表明,接种根瘤菌可通过调节氮代谢关键酶活性来促进Cd胁迫下紫花苜蓿的氮素向蛋白质合成的方向转运积累,一定程度上缓解Cd对紫花苜蓿的伤害。     

Seed handling by primary frugivores differentially influence post‐dispersal seed removal of Chinese yew by ground‐dwelling animals

Seed handling by primary frugivores can influence secondary dispersal and/or predation of post‐dispersal seeds by attracting different guilds of ground‐dwelling animals. Many studies have focused on seeds embedded in feces of mammals or birds; however, less is known about how ground‐dwelling animals treat seeds regurgitated by birds (without pulp and not embedded in feces). To compare the effect of differential seed handling by primary dispersers on secondary seed removal of Chinese yew (Taxus chinensis var. mairei), we conducted a series of exclosure experiments to determine the relative impact of animals on the removal of defecated seeds (handled by masked palm civet), regurgitated seeds (handled by birds) and intact fruits. All types of yew seeds were consistently removed at a higher rate by rodents than by ants. Regurgitated seeds had the highest removal percentage and were only removed by rodents. These seeds were probably eaten in situ without being secondarily dispersed. Defecated seeds were removed by both rodents and ants; only ants might act as secondary dispersers of defecated seeds, whereas rodents ate most of them. We inferred that seeds regurgitated by birds were subjected to the highest rates of predation, whereas those dispersed in the feces of masked palm civets probably had a higher likelihood of secondary dispersal. Seeds from feces attracted ants, which were likely to transport seeds and potentially provided a means by which the seeds could escape predation by rodents. Our study highlighted that primary dispersal by birds might not always facilitate secondary dispersal and establishment of plant populations.     

黔西北炼锌废渣基质上不同草种苗期生长状况

以黔西北土法炼锌废渣基质为研究对象，通过盆栽试验，筛选出适宜在该基质上生长的草本植物。结果表明，各草种出苗时间为白三叶（Trifolium repens）、红三叶（T.pratense）(3 d)<一年生黑麦草（Lolium multiflorum）、多年生黑麦草（L.perenne）(4 d)<紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa）(5 d)<草地早熟禾（Poa pratensis）(7 d)<狗牙根（Cynodon dactylon）(15 d)；多年生黑麦草的出苗率最高(83.3%)，其次是一年生黑麦草、白三叶、红三叶（>60%），紫花苜蓿、草地早熟禾和狗牙根的出苗率最低（30%左右）；一年生黑麦草、白三叶、多年生黑麦草的株高和分蘖数均优于红三叶、紫花苜蓿、草地早熟禾和狗牙根，适合在土法炼锌废渣基质上生长。