浅谈阳台窗台绿化设计

随着城市的发展和人民生活水平的提高，人们对人居环境质量的要求越来越高。阳台，窗台是人们生活环境中的一部分，因此它们的绿化美化也不可忽视。本文主要从植物的选择和植物配置等方面就如何进行阳台窗台的绿化设计及如何进行养护做简要介绍。     

架空炕与传统落地炕热性能对比试验

为了解架空炕与落地火炕升温特性、热效率等方面的特性,依据国家相关标准,对甘肃省临洮县传统落地火炕与2016年新推广的架空炕进行了热性能的对比试验,研究了炕面温度分布、炕面升温降温速率、排放烟气温度、炕温对室内温度的影响以及架空炕的节能减排等性能,研究结果表明:架空炕和落地火炕炕面平均升温速率分别为2.2和0.9℃/h;烟气热量能被架空炕充分地吸收利用,架空炕烟气排放平均温度较落地火炕烟气排放平均温度低36.1℃;架空炕和落地火炕的热效率分别为66.8%和37.1%,相比传统炕架空炕节柴率达到45%;有架空炕和落地火炕室内日平均温度分别为12.6和10.8℃,架空炕对室内有较好的增温效果;与落地火坑相比,架空炕有明显的节能减排效果,每铺架空炕每年节省945 kg薪柴,减排CO21 069.17 kg,减排SO20.45 kg,减排NOx 1.01 kg,减排PM107.4 kg,减排PM2.5为6.8 kg,架空炕的推广应用对中国农村节能减排具有重要意义。     

福建主要港湾悬浮有机碳和悬浮有机氮的动态变化

依据2001年福建主要港湾水体中悬浮物质的调查资料,讨论了悬浮有机碳(POC)、悬浮有机氮(PON)的含量和动态变化特征.结果表明,POC的季度平均含量为0.43～0.54 mg·dm~(-3),PON的季度平均值在0.22～0.26 mg·dm~(-3),属中等水平.潮流和底质对悬浮物质含量的分布起决定性的作用,沉积物再悬浮对悬浮物分布影响很大,冬季尤为显著.现场调查的结果表明POC与PON存在显著相关,反映出受人类活动影响较大的海洋生态系统区水体中POC与PON之间的自然本底关系.各调查海区C/N比值平均为1.65～2.32,根据判断悬浮有机物(POM)来源的标准,小于8为海源有机物,并且POM中主要是浮游植物的碎屑.     

室内植物智能养护系统的研发

针对现有植物养护机存在的不适宜阳台农业的问题,研发了新型室内植物生态养护系统,介绍了生态保室内植物智能养护系统的功能和特点。     

Phosphorus and Suspended Sediment Loads in Base-Flow and Runoff Events: A Case Study of a Small Stream in NW Spain

This study focuses on the role of runoff events in influencing concentrations and export of suspended sediments and phosphorus in a headwater stream draining an agroforestry catchment in northwestern Spain. Large differences exist between suspended sediment and phosphorus (P) concentrations measured during base-flow conditions and runoff events, with a higher delivery during runoff events. Suspended sediment and phosphorus exports were 29.44 and 0.08 kg ha^?1 y^?1 respectively, with more than 50% delivered during runoff events (12% of the year). The relative contributions of phosphorus forms to the total annual export were 75% and 25% as particulate and dissolved phosphorus, respectively. Soil erosion is the main source of suspended sediment and phosphorus in the stream.     

气提式砂滤器在水产养殖系统中的水质净化效果

为解决传统压力式砂滤罐长时间工作后截留大量固体颗粒物而导致的难以反冲洗的问题,该研究在原有设备基础上进行技术改进;研制出了1种可以边工作边反冲洗的气提式砂滤器;气提式砂滤器集过滤、分离、气浮、自动清洗等功能于一体,可以替代传统用于养殖车间的砂滤罐、无阀滤池、微滤机、机械式气浮等物理过滤装置;试验用1~2 mm石英砂作为过滤介质,过滤水以向上流方向从气提式砂滤器底部慢慢上升,污物被石英砂截留,同时,从底部流入定流量气体,使得污物和砂粒同时被提起,最终在顶端的洗砂装置中石英砂被清洗干净并由于重力作用而落回系统,污物和废水从排污口流出;试验表明,气提式砂滤器设备简单、操作简便,不需停机反冲洗,系统运行连续平稳,能耗小并且易于日常维护和检修;数据表明,这种气提式砂滤器对海水循环水养殖系统中的颗粒悬浮物(suspended solids,SS)和化学需氧量(chemical oxygen demand,COD)平均去除率分别为(41.31%±7.72%)、34.04%,同时也降低了氨氮、亚硝酸盐含量,过滤后养殖水颗粒悬浮物质量浓度≤67.33 mg/L。气提式砂滤器在海水循环水养殖系统中进行物理过滤,是1种行之有效的方法,满足了养殖车间的水处理要求。     

南京市悬浮颗粒物分布特征及与气象因子的相关关系

通过分析南京市气象局昆仑路监测点2010年11月5日-2012年5月11日PM10.0、PM2.5逐时质量浓度观测资料,及同期相应的南京国家基准气候站能见度、相对湿度、风速的观测资料。研究悬浮颗粒物质量浓度的日、月、季变化特征,悬浮颗粒物与气象因子的相关关系,为城市空气污染的治理及灰霾天气预报提供重要的科学依据。     

Discussion on 2-D Math Model of Sediment in Gravel Dominantly Riverbed

The present paper gives a discussion about transport coefficient of suspended sediment, coefficient of saturation recovery, riverbed sediment grading, deposition/scour thickness and normalization of the sediment composition in gravel dominantly riverbed. The math model above mentioned has been tested in two rivers with different riverbed sediment composition and a rather good agreement has been obtained.     

A new sediment contact assay to assess particle-bound pollutants using zebrafish (<Emphasis Type="Italic">danio rerio</Emphasis>) embryos

Goal, Scope and Background. Based on a bioassay battery covering only primary producers and consumers as well as degraders, the potential ecological hazard of sediments to vertebrates cannot be estimated comprehensively. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop and standardize integrated vertebrate-based test systems for sediment investigation strategies. Whereas vertebratebased in vitro systems have frequently been used for the investigation of aqueous samples, there is a significant lack of whole sediment assays. Thus, the purpose of the present study was: (1) to develop a rapid and reliable, but comprehensive method to investigate native sediments and particulate matters without preceding extraction procedures; (2) to compare the hazard potential of solid phase sediments to the effects of corresponding pore waters and organic extracts in order to characterize the bioavailability of the particle-bound pollutants; and (3) to relatively evaluate the embryotoxic effects of sediments from the catchment areas of the rivers Rhine, Neckar and Danube. Methods (or Main Features).  To investigate the toxicity of sediment samples on vertebrates, the standard embryo toxicity test with the zebrafish (Danio rerio; Hamilton-Buchanan 1922) according to DIN 38415-6 was modified with respect to exposure scheme and toxicological endpoints. Sediments from the catchment area of the Neckar River were assessed using pore waters, acetonic extracts and native sediments in order to get inside into the potential bioavailability of particle-bound pollutants. A comprehensive test protocol for the investigation of native sediments in the embryo toxicity test with the zebrafish is presented. Results and Discussion.  The fish embryo assay with Danio rerio can be carried out with both aqueous and organic sediment extracts as well as native (whole, solid phase) sediment samples. Elongation of exposure time from 48 to up to 196 h significantly increased the mortality. Using the fish egg assay with native sediments, a broad range of embryotoxic effects could be elucidated, including clear-cut dose-response curves for the embryotoxic effects of contaminated sediments; in contrast, absence of embryotoxic effects could be demonstrated even for the highest test concentrations of unpolluted sediments. With native sediments, embryotoxicity was clearly higher than with corresponding pore waters, thus corroborating the view that — at least for fish eggs — the bioavailability of particle-bound lipophilic substances in native sediments is higher than generally assumed. The relative ranking of sediment toxicity was identical using both native sediments and sediment extracts, EC₂₀ values of the latter, however, being eight time lower higher than with the native sediments. A comparison of the embryo toxic effects of samples from the Neckar area with locations along the Rhine and Danube rivers elucidated a broad range of results, thus indicating different levels of contamination. Conclusions.  A modified protocol of the zebrafish embryo test allows the assessment of sediment toxicity in both aqueous extracts and native sediments. The isolated investigation of pore waters may result in a clear-cut underestimation of the bioavailability of lipophilic particle-bound substances (as determined by native sediments). Recommendations and Perspectives.  The zebrafish embryo test with native (whole, solid phase) sediments appears very promising for the evaluation of the bioavailable fraction of lipophilic particle-bound substances and can therefore be recommended for the evaluation of vertebrate toxicity in tiered sediment test strategies and dredging directives such as the HABAB-WSV. Whereas acetone extracts may be tested as a rough estimation of embryotoxicity, native sediment samples will provide a more comprehensive and realistic insight into the bioavailable hazard potential     

悬板在低水头引水防沙工程中的应用

为了推广悬板在低水头引水防沙工程中的应用，概括介绍了悬板在悬板分层式引水和排沙漏斗中的成功应用经验：将皮氏堰改为流线堰后，在悬板下断面平均流速减小不多的情况下，悬板上水面形状更为简单，可改善枢纽的引水防沙效果：将悬板应用于排沙漏斗中，可将排除的泥沙粒径减小到0.1mm，同时减小排沙耗小量，提高排沙率。