液态饲料对超早期断奶仔猪肠道微生物区系的影响

试验选用平均体重为(2.63±0.15)kg、(14±2)日龄的断奶仔猪(云南地方撒坝猪)20头,随机分为对照组和试验组2组,进行32d对比试验。研究了液态饲料对超早期断奶仔猪肠道微生物区系的影响。结果表明,液态饲料能显著促进超早期断奶(SEW)仔猪肠道内乳酸杆菌生长,同时显著降低大肠杆菌含量(P<0.05)。     

高山草甸垂穗披碱草人工草地群落特征及稳定性研究

通过对江河源区人工草地建成后植被恢复效果、生长动态、植物群落特征、环境因子及其演替的分析表明：植物生长季节，垂穗披碱草人工、半人工草地地上生物量和高度的增长趋势符合“慢（初期）-快（中期）-慢（后期）”的S型规律，植被盖度的增长趋势符合“快（初期）-慢（中期）-慢（后期）”的规律。人工草地建植后第二年，物种多样性指数、生物量、优势种群特征、草场质量和土壤特征因不同草地类型而有所变化。人工草地在建成后4年内植物群落由“生产稳定性”急剧向“生态稳定性”转化，呈现出明显的退化态势，退化原因与毒杂草侵入和有效养分逐步匮缺有关。加强高寒地区人工草地建成以后的后期管理如灭杂、灭鼠、施肥和禁止放牧等，对防止人工草地退化，提高利用效率，保证垂穗披碱草人工草地生产稳定性与生态稳定性之间的平衡极为重要。     

A riverscape perspective on habitat associations among riverine bird assemblages in the Lake Champlain Basin,USA

The riverscape perspective recognizes the heterogeneous habitat types within the stream corridor as a single, integrated ecological unit operating across spatial scales. Although there is ample evidence that the riverscape notion is appropriate in understanding the physical phenomena of stream corridors, significantly less attention has focused on its ecological ramifications. To this end, we surveyed riverscape habitat variables and bird community characteristics in the Champlain Valley of Vermont, USA. From the data collected, we used information theoretic methodology (AIC_c) to model relationships between bird community attributes and key habitat variables across the riverscape. Our models with the greatest support suggest that riverine bird communities respond to a suite of characteristics; representing a variety of riverscape habitats at the in-stream, floodplain, and riparian levels. Channel slope, drainage area, percent conifers, and in-stream habitat condition were among the most influential variables. We found that piscivores are potentially important indicators of riverscape condition, responding to a host of variables across the riverscape. Our results endorse a holistic approach to assessing and managing the mosaic of patches in the riverscape and suggest that a riverscape approach has significant conservation potential.     

Plants,small mammals,and the hierarchical landscape classifications of Patagonia

Assemblages of plants were studied at 14 sites in northern Patagonia corresponding to localities at which we (Monjeau et al. 1997) earlier studied the relationship between small mammal assemblages and landscape classifications. This allowed us to test predictions that both plants and small mammals correspond to the more inclusive hierarchical landscape divisions but that plants track better than small mammals the less inclusive divisions. Species presence or absence of plants at each locality was used in a series of multivariate analyses and compared by correlation analysis with those generated from small mammal species data. Assemblages of both plants and small mammals corresponded to the upper divisions, which are based on climatic and geomorphological features, but small mammal assemblages did not correspond to the lower divisions of the landscape classifications. Three factors are considered as explanations for the observed differences between plants and small mammals: a) small mammal habitat is determined more by plant growth form than by plant species; b) trophic level differences between the two groups; and c) species pool size affects the resolution of microhabitat correspondence. Our data indicate that both plant assemblages and small mammal assemblages respond to climatic and geomorphological features, which is in contrast to the paradigm that mammal assemblages simply follow plant assemblages. We also attempted to reconcile classification systems in Patagonia by proposing a nomenclatural system based on a hierarchical classification. In the system proposed, ecoregion is the lowest division small mammal assemblages can recognize in Patagonia. Finally, we conclude that the hierarchical nature of landscapes based on a holistic view of environments reflects real entities that are not just the perceptions of landscape ecologists.     

城市社区消防安全宣传的作用与要点

消防工作的方针是＂预防为主、防消结合＂。消防宣传教育,直接关系到民生及社会和谐与安定,是消防工作的重要组织部分和重要内容。随着城市化发展,社区消防安全宣传教育的重要性凸显。做好社区消防安全宣传教育工作,须抓住三要点：一是对消防法规要多形式宣传普及、多措施贯彻实施;二是提高社区物业管理水平,使物业公司认真履行消防安全职责;三是提高社区居民消防安全意识与防火消灾自救技能。     

黄河源区季节性湖泊湿地退化对土壤微生物碳源利用的影响

为了探讨黄河源区季节性湖泊湿地退化对土壤微生物碳源利用的影响以及土壤微生物碳源利用能力与不同环境因子的关系,本试验在黄河源区退化季节性湖泊湿地研究不同退化阶段植被特征、土壤养分变化和土壤微生物碳源利用状况。结果表明：在季节性湖泊湿地退化过程中,土壤微生物对碳源的利用存在明显的空间分异,其对酯类碳源的相对利用率最高,对单糖/糖苷/聚合物类碳源的相对利用率随退化加重呈现先升高后下降趋势;土壤微生物对单糖/糖苷/聚合物类碳源和醇类碳源的相对利用率改变是土壤微生物功能多样随季节性湖泊湿地退化而变化的主要原因;土壤全氮含量和植被盖度对微生物单糖/糖苷/聚合物类碳源的相对利用率和土壤微生物活性均有影响。该结果为黄河源区的季节性湖泊湿地退化监测和近自然修复提供科学理论依据。     

雾灵山自然保护区资源保护措施对周边社区的影响

保护区大多处于周边社区的包围之中，保护区与当地居民关系密切。但是保护区的建立使部分生物资源受到控制，从而对当地社区的社会经济造成了影响。从几个方面对其进行了分析，并对社区共管提出了一些建议。     

湘中丘陵区石栎混交林群落物种多样性研究

通过对湘中丘陵区石栎（Ｌｉｔｈｏｃａｒｐｕｓｇｌａｂｅｒ（Ｔｈｕｎｂ．）Ｎａｋａｉ）混交林群落调查．利用Ｓｈａｎｎｏｎ和Ｓｉｍｐｓｏｎ多样性指数及相应的均匀度和种间相遇机率．对其群落物种的多样性进行了初步研究．结果表明：湘中丘陵区石栎混交林群落乔木层与下木层的Ｓｈａｎｎｏｎ多样性指数分别为１．１８４和３．１９７；Ｓｉｍｐｓｏｎ多样性指数分别为０．６２４和０．８１４；种间相遇机率分别为０．６２５和０．８１４；均匀度分别为４５．８０％和６３．９４％．乔木层第Ⅰ亚层多样性指数低于第Ⅱ亚层；群落的物种多样性是时间和空间的函数．     

甜槠群落主要种群空间分布格局对人为干扰的响应

研究了不同人为干扰强度对甜槠天然群落中主要种群甜槠和赤楠的分布格局的变化动态.结果表明,人为干扰会使甜槠种群的聚集性加强,而赤楠种群的聚集性降低.干扰强度对甜槠聚集性的影响随树龄的增大而逐渐减小,而对赤楠聚集性的影响则是随林龄增大呈现由小→大→小的规律.     

昆明市盘龙江滨水绿地植物群落的特征分析

以盘龙江滨水植物为研究对象,采取实地调查、数据收集和数据处理的研究方法,对48个样方及74个典型群落进行了深入调查。分析并总结了盘龙江滨水植物群落的特征,提出了滨水绿地植物发展的建议以供滨水绿地的景观设计与营造参考。