不同流量工况下混流泵压力脉动试验

为了研究混流泵叶轮和导叶非定常时序干涉引起的压力脉动特性,通过试验对混流泵泵体关键测点进行了压力脉动测量,分析了不同流量工况下叶轮进口、叶轮中部、叶轮出口、导叶进口、导叶出口以及装置出口等位置压力脉动的时域和频域响应。研究结果表明:叶轮旋转周期较大程度影响了叶轮进口、叶轮中部监测点的压力脉动,脉动曲线出现了与叶轮叶片数相一致的4个波峰和4个波谷,压力脉动主频为叶轮叶片通过频率;叶轮和导叶的动静干涉作用使得叶轮出口和导叶进口监测点压力脉动在小流量工况下分别出现7~12个波峰和波谷,压力脉动频谱范围变大,分频成分增多,主频随着流量减小向高频方向偏移,动静干涉诱导的流体激振以及噪声等高频成分出现并逐渐增多。叶轮中部监测点的压力脉动幅值最大且对流量变化最敏感,远离叶轮区各监测点的压力脉动受流量变化的影响较小。     

受固氮活性制约的蓝藻固氮去铵阻抑及其与生理条件的关系

在不同气体环境中培养的蓝藻Ａｎａｂａｅｎａ７１２０固氮活性各异，Ａｒ＋ＣＯ２中最大，空气中次之，Ａｒ中最小。固氮活性高者去铵阻抑速率大，反之则小。它们对各种生理条件的反应不一样，固氮活性高者，其去铵阻抑速率受氧和氮的抑制小。在氢和氧加合条件下，三种活性的蓝藻去铵阻抑均加快，但活性低者慢而小些。光强减弱或加光合抑制剂时，固氮活性低者去铵阻抑速率显著小于活性高者，而添加外源的蔗糖或丙酮酸时，也是固氮活     

Response of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) to interactions between Pseudomonas species and Glomus clarum NT4

The effects of interactions between pseudomonads (Pseudomonas cepacia strains R55 and R85, P. aeruginosa strain R80, P. fluorescens strain R92, and P. putida strain R104) and the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus clarum (Nicol. and Schenck) isolate NT4, on spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Laura), grown under gnotobiotic and nonsterile conditions, were investigated. Although plant growth responses varied, positive responses to pseudomonad inoculants generally were obtained under gnotobiotic conditions. Shoot dry weight enhancement ranged from 16 to 48%, whereas root enhancement ranged from 82 to 137%. Shoot growth in nonsterile soil, however, was unaffected by pseudomonad inoculants, or reduced by as much as 24%. Shoot growth was unaffected or depressed by G. clarum NT4 whereas early root growth was enhanced by 38%. Significant interactions between the pseudomonad inoculants and G. clarum NT4 were detected. Typically, dual inoculation influenced the magnitude of response associated with any organism applied alone. The effect of these pseudomonads on G. clarum NT4 spore germination was investigated. Germination was inhibited when spores were incubated either on membranes placed directly on bacterial lawns of strains R85 and R104 (i.e., direct assay), or on agarose blocks separated from the bacteria by membranes (i.e., diffusion assay). When the agarose blocks were physically separated from the pseudomonad (i.e., volatile assay), there was no evidence of inhibition, suggesting that a nonvolatile, diffusible substance(s) produced by both strains R85 and R104 may inhibit G. clarum NT4 spore germination. Received: 11 December 1995     

浮萍净化氮磷污水生长条件研究

对分布在长江三角洲地区的5个浮萍品种，通过不同环境温度下氮磷模拟污水化学需氧量(COD)、总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)三因素三水平正交试验，分别确定了5个浮萍品种在氮磷污水中的最佳生长条件，从而为进一步筛选长江三角洲地区高效净化氮磷污水的浮萍优化品种及其氮磷污水净化技术革新提供了基础。     

枸杞产量与气象条件的关系研究

计算研究了枸杞全生育期及不同生长阶段气温、光照、降水、相对湿度、大风等因子对产量的影响,确定了各自的指标。结果表明,枸杞全生育期需要≥10℃积温为3450℃·d,日照1640h;不同生长阶段存在不同的相关气象因子,尤其夏果幼果期最敏感。枸杞在夏果幼果期不耐高温,受干热风影响严重,这是枸杞研究中迄今为止的一个新发现。     

槐花中黄酮类物质提取工艺的研究

该文研究了水提法、传统的醇回流法提取槐花总黄酮类化合物的提取工艺,并使用正交试验确定了最佳提取条件。试验结果表明:槐花中总黄酮类物质的最佳提取条件为B2C3A2,即用2倍量40%的乙醇连续回流提取3次(每次2h)     

氧化还原条件对土壤磷素固定与释放的影响

为探讨水稻土由氧化环境转为还原条件时对土壤磷素固定与释放的影响,选择18种水稻土样品进行室内模拟实验,通过测定不同条件下磷的等温吸附曲线和采用氧化铁试纸测定法进行多次提取以对比淹水前后土壤磷的累计解吸量,发现大部分供试样品的固磷能力在淹水条件下有了显著的提高,全部样品在淹水后磷的释放量都有不同程度的减少。进一步的研究表明淹水条件下土壤对磷的固定与释放的变化主要与淹水后土壤Eh的降低和pH的升高而导致的大量无定形铁的形成有关。     

超临界CO_2流体萃取技术提取核桃油的研究

以新鲜的核桃仁为原料 ,研究了在超临界状态下物料的粉碎度、萃取压力、萃取温度、萃取时间对核桃油萃取效果的影响。结果表明 ,超临界 CO2 流体萃取核桃油的最佳工艺条件为粉碎度 3 0目、萃取压强 3 0 MPa、萃取温度 4 5℃、萃取时间 5 h,此条件下核桃油的萃取率可达 93 .98%。     

Degradability of atrazine, cyanazine, and dicamba in methanogenic enrichment culture microcosms using sediment from the Pearl River of Southern China

Degradation of three herbicides, atrazine, cyanazine and dicamba, was assessed in laboratory microcosms incubated under simulated methanogenic conditions using sediment from Pearl River of Southern China as an inoculum. Atrazine was much more resistant to degradation than cyanazine and dicamba over 300 days of incubation. Biodegradation of cyanazine and dicamba was further substantiated by establishment of enrichment transfer cultures in which the degradation of the respective herbicide was accelerated by the active microorganisms. Degradation of cyanazine initially involved the removal of chlorine and the two side chains, while that of dicamba was O-demethylation reaction forming 3,6-dichlorosalicyclic acid. Results suggest that biodegradation of xenobiotics can be established through enrichment culture transfer technique, and further mechanism of degradation and microorganisms involved can be elucidated.     

陇东黄土高原春播紫花苜蓿生态气候特征及适生种植区划

根据对春播两年生紫花苜蓿生长状况和相应气象观测资料的分析，探讨了陇东黄土高原地区春播紫花苜蓿的生长发育与平均气温、积温及降水量等生态气侯条件的定量关系，据此得出陇东地区紫花苜蓿的适生种植区划和气侯风险区划。综合区划结果提出开发利用气侯资源的途径和生产紫花苜蓿的对策，为陇东地区进一步调整农业生产结构，发展畜牧业生产和改善生态环境提供依据。