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971.
Ryan C. Christensen Bryan G. Hopkins Von D. Jolley Kelly M. Olson Christopher M. Haskell Nicholas J. Chariton 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(12):1878-1895
Elemental sulfur (S) impregnated with Fe (S-Fe) fertilizer was evaluated on Kentucky bluegrass (KBG; Poa pratensis L.) in three glasshouse studies: (1) with/without Fe as S-Fe, ferrous sulfate (FS), or iron-ethylenediamine-N,N’-bis(2-hydroxyphenylacetic acid) (Fe-EDDHA) to soil (49 kg Fe ha?1), or foliar Fe-EDDHA (5 kg Fe ha?1) on two cultivars; (2) 0, 49, 197, or 592 kg Fe ha?1 of S-Fe deep mixed or surface mixed on two soils; (3) 0 or 49 kg Fe ha?1 applied as S-Fe on four cultivars. A field study comparing 0 and 49 kg Fe ha?1 applied as S-Fe to KBG was also conducted. Soil applied S-Fe was assimilated in shoots as efficiently as Fe-EDDHA applied to soil or foliage. Shoot Fe increased significantly with increasing S-Fe in a curvilinear response when deep mixed with soil and in a linear response when surface applied. However, no Fe source tested impacted yield or verdure in these studies. 相似文献
972.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(5):576-587
Low concentrations of aqueous hydrogen sulfide (H2S) can stimulate growth of some crops. However, it is not clear whether H2S provides crops with only sulfur and whether other sulfur compounds have similar beneficial effects. Therefore, impacts of solutions of sodium sulfate (Na2SO4), sodium sulfite (Na2SO3), sodium sulfide (Na2S), ferrous sulfide (FeS), and H2S at 0.01–1 mM were assessed on 5-day lettuce seed germination. Results showed that 0.01 mM H2S solution significantly increased lettuce shoot elongation by 40 percent (to 43.6 mm from 31.0 mm in the control), whereas 0.1 mM increased elongation by 24 percent to 38.5 mm. Only a slight 10 percent increase was observed in 0.1 mM Na2SO4, suggesting that ameliorative impact of H2S on plant growth was not a result of providing sulfur nutrient. Other sulfur solutions, however, inhibited lettuce germination and elongation to varying extents, hinting that H2S might work as a signal molecule in regulating plant cellular activities. 相似文献
973.
不同水分条件下苔藓结皮光合能力对氮素添加量的响应 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
[目的]探究苔藓结皮失水过程中光合能力对不同梯度氮添加的响应,为进一步研究苔藓结皮对氮沉降的响应过程以及为干旱、半干旱区荒漠生态系统的管理提供理论依据。[方法]选取毛乌素沙地的优势藓种拟双色真藓(Bryum pachytheca)为研究对象,在控制条件下采用氮添加的模拟试验手段。[结果]苔藓结皮净光合速率在低于0.2g/(m2·a)的氮添加量时受到促进,在高于0.2g/(m2·a)的氮素添加量下,低水分含量时被抑制,高水分含量时会受促进;同时,0.2g/(m2·a)是苔藓结皮能承受的最优氮添加量,此时苔藓结皮的光合固碳能力达到最大,年光合固碳量为对照条件的2倍。[结论]氮沉降引起的氮素增加对于干旱、半干旱区苔藓结皮的光合能力以及固碳潜力具有显著的影响。 相似文献
974.
The response of soil CO2 fluxes (Rsoil) to interactions between carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) availability or C and temperature conditions is not well understood, but may increasingly affect future C storage under the combined anthropogenic impacts of N deposition and climate change. Here we addressed this uncertainty through a series of laboratory incubation experiments using soils from three contrasting ecosystems to investigate how changes in C, N, and temperature regulate Rsoil through changes to Michaelis–Menten parameters (i.e. Vmax and Km). Results of this study demonstrate that Rsoil response to N enrichment and changes in temperature are dependent on the C availability of soil substrates. N addition influenced Rsoil through both the maximum rate (Vmax) and the half saturation constant (Km). The increase in Km corresponded to a decrease in Rsoil when C was limited. Alternatively, when C was abundant, N enrichment increased Rsoil, which corresponded to an increase in Vmax. Regulation of temperature sensitivity through Vmax and Km was also dependent on C availability. Both Vmax and Km demonstrated positive temperature responses, supporting the hypothesis of a canceling effect at low C concentrations. While temperature sensitivity was influenced by both C quantity and C complexity, our results suggested that C quantity is a stronger predictor. Despite strong differences in climate, vegetation, and management of our soils, C–N and C-temperature interactions were markedly similar between sites, highlighting the importance of C availability in the regulation of Rsoil and justifying the use of Michaelis–Menten kinetics in biogeochemical modeling. 相似文献
975.
为实现丘陵山区茶园自动化喷药,解决目前丘陵茶园自动化程度低、药液浪费严重和大中型装置无法进入等问题,设计了一种茶园自动喷药装置。根据丘陵山区茶园实际条件,对自动喷药装置的主要零部件进行结构设计及理论分析,装置采用水平方向和45°角方向喷射的喷药模式,结合超声波测距模块自动对靶,实现喷头与茶树冠表层之间位置的定位,并计算得到喷杆长度为1.1 m,单侧喷杆上设置3个喷头,喷头间距为0.5 m。喷药控制系统以STC89C52作为微控制器,运用C语言编程实现对喷杆喷药距离的自动调节和对电机和电磁阀的控制。选取冠层梯度、喷雾高度和行走速度为试验因素,以雾滴沉积密度为性能指标进行正交试验,结果表明:冠层梯度对雾滴沉积密度有极显著影响(P<0.001),喷雾高度和行走速度对其影响不显著(P>0.05),对雾滴沉积密度的影响程度从大到小依次为冠层梯度、喷雾高度、行驶速度,不同冠层梯度下各点位雾滴平均沉积密度均大于26个·cm-2,满足喷幅界定的20个·cm-2要求。 相似文献
976.
硫营养对小麦苗期根系导水率的影响 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:3
以小偃503号小麦为试材,通过室内水培、盆栽试验,比较了干旱及硫胁迫情况下小麦苗期根系导水率的变化。其中水培以PEG6000模拟干旱胁迫,1/2强度Hoagland全营养液和1/2强度Hoagland无硫营养液控制硫素水平;盆栽采用重量法控制水分。结果表明:无论在正常供水还是干旱胁迫时,供硫处理的根系导水率始终高于无硫处理,硫营养显示出对根系导水率的调节能力。旱后复水过程中,供硫处理的导水率较无硫处理有显著的增加,供硫处理显示出较强的恢复能力。水培和盆栽试验的结果均证实了硫营养对小麦根系导水率有明显的调节作用。 相似文献
977.
环境养分及其在生态系统养分资源管理中的作用——以大气氮沉降为例 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
以大气氮素沉降为例,对环境养分的概念、研究方法、数量及其与人为活性氮排放的关系进行了阐述.总结文献资料发现,大气氮素干湿沉降等环境养分已经成为我国农田及自然生态系统一项重要的养分资源,其数量高达1.8×107t/a,相当于全国氮肥用量的60%.因此,通过养分资源综合管理,充分利用好这一环境养分资源是实现我国农田及自然生态系统可持续发展的关键所在. 相似文献
978.
Mohamed A Latheef James B Carlton Ivan W Kirk W Clint Hoffmann 《Pest management science》2009,65(7):744-752
Background: The efficacy of aerial electrostatic‐charged sprays was evaluated for spray deposit characteristics and season‐long control of sweet potato whitefly (SWF), Bemisia tabaci Genn. biotype B (aka B. argentifolii Bellows & Perring), in an irrigated 24 ha cotton field. Treatments included electrostatic‐charged sprays at full and half active ingredient (AI) label rate, uncharged sprays and conventional sprays applied with CP nozzles at full label rate with several different insecticides. Results: Spray droplet size was significantly smaller for electrostatic‐charged sprays than for conventional sprays in top‐ and mid‐canopy locations. The seasonal mean numbers of viable eggs and live large nymphs on cotton treated with electrostatic‐charged sprays were comparable with those on cotton treated with conventional applications. Lethal concentration (LC50) for adults for electrostatic‐charged sprays was comparable with that for conventional sprays. Conclusion: The amenability of electrostatic‐charged sprays to a wide array of pesticides with different chemistries should be a useful tool in combating insect resistance. Results reported here suggest that the potential exists for obtaining increased efficacy against whiteflies using an electrostatic spray charging system, and that additional research will be required to improve charge‐to‐mass (Q/M) ratio in order to increase deposition of pest control materials to the lower surfaces of cotton leaves where the whiteflies reside. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
979.
甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐药液浓度、雾滴密度及施药液量对小菜蛾防治效果的影响 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
采用室内生物测定与田间试验相结合方法,研究了甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐药液浓度、雾滴密度和施药液量对小菜蛾防治效果间的关系。结果表明:当甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐药液质量浓度从80 mg/L提高至640 mg/L时,其LN50值(致死中密度)从148 droplet/cm2下降至3 droplet/cm2;雾滴密度从23 droplet/cm2提高至131 droplet/cm2时,其LC50(致死中浓度)值则从1.66!102mg/L下降至78.93 mg/L。甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐在与地面呈0°倾角的载玻片正面和90°倾角的载玻片反面上沉积量最多,在45°倾角的反面和90°倾角的正面上沉积量最少;在甘蓝叶片上的沉积量与药液质量浓度和雾滴大小有关。田间药效试验结果表明:甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐药液质量浓度为3 mg/L时,施药液量为330 L/hm2的防治效果比施药液量分别为525、750和975 L/hm2的低,差异达显著水平(P0.05),但后3种施药液量之间的防治效果差异不显著(P0.05);当药液质量浓度为4.2 mg/L时,330、525、750和975 L/hm24种施药液量间的防治效果差异均不显著(P0.05)。因此,采用较小雾滴体积中径(VMD=128.9μm)和较高药液浓度(4.2 mg/L)喷雾时,甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐不仅对小菜蛾表现出优良的防治效果,而且施药液量也显著降低。 相似文献
980.
《Land Degradation u0026amp; Development》2017,28(2):566-578
This study aims to demonstrate that the SWAT model can be used to predict discharge and sediment yield values in reservoir contributing catchments helping also to define the main factors that determine sedimentation rates in semi‐arid Mediterranean environments. This aim was achieved by comparing SWAT simulation results with water flows (over 29 years) and sediment deposition (over 47 years) volumes collected (by a campaign of bathymetric surveys) in a Sicilian reservoir. The mean monthly runoff coefficient calculated for the period 1980–2008 was 0·17. The mean sedimentation volume in the reservoir during the period 1963–2009 was 51,000 m3 year−1. Field surveys and collection of spatially distributed databases of soil, topography and climate were carried out in order to characterize the contributing catchment. The SWAT model was applied to simulate sediment volumes cumulated over group of years as well as water flow volumes reaching annual and monthly the reservoir. The performance of the hydrological and erosion components of the model was evaluated by a combination of both summary and difference statistical measures after a sensitivity analysis and a calibration/validation process. The model was able to simulate observed runoff volumes at both annual and monthly scale. The mean sedimentation volume simulated by SWAT during the whole period was 8·1% lower than the value obtained by the bathymetric measurements (equal to 72·103 Mg) with very good values of the efficiency coefficient (equal to 0·91). Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献