中压硅胶柱层析连续纯化茶叶中EGCG及ECG的研究

采用一种连续中压硅胶柱层析分离高纯度表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(EGCG)及表儿茶素没食子酸酯(ECG),原料为含量高于 98 % 的茶多酚.连续中压柱层析分离工艺条件为:160～280μm 硅胶为填充料,1 200 mm×80 mm 的自制不锈钢中压层析柱,洗脱液为乙酸乙酯-石油醚-甲酸(体积比6:4:1),洗脱流速为 30 mL/min,负载量为 35 g/kg(以硅胶计,下同),可以得到纯度大于 98 % 的EGCG产品(平均回收率为 85.5 %)和 98 % 的ECG产品(平均回收率均为 80.3 %).回收的洗脱剂先校正pH值,再经薄层层析校正后可重复使用.使用后的层析柱用乙酸乙酯再生,石油醚为平衡剂平衡,平衡后的层析柱可重复使用.     

山海关杨的生长特点与木材材性

山海关杨是河北省的主要造林树种之一。本文对山海关杨的树木形态、生长规律和特点,以及其木材物理力学、纤维形态和化学成分作了试验分析,为山海关杨的合理培育和木材加工利用,提供了理论依据。     

Effect of the estimation of forest management and decay of dead woody material on the reliability of carbon stock and carbon stock changes—A simulation study

The IPCC-GPG on Greenhouse Gas Monitoring offers countries several options for reporting. The current study selected management effects and decay of dead woody material to demonstrate the dependence of different approaches and assumptions for carbon stock and carbon stock change estimates. For a given set of inventory data the reported change of carbon stock varied between 3.1 tonnes C ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹and 34.4 tonnes C ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ for a 10-year period.Based on the available data set from a test area in the federal state of Salzburg (Austria) the effect of different scenarios for harvesting operations and mortality on reported carbon release was studied. The scenarios covered timber utilization at different points in time and two mortality rates (constant and exponential). A proportion of harvesting was assumed to remain inside the forest as logging residues and entered together with mortality a decay process. Two different lifetimes for decay (10 and 50 years) and constant and negative exponential decay rates were simulated. Those decisions affect the amount of carbon released considerably. For a 10-year period between 5% and 80% of the carbon content of dead woody material that accumulated within the period is released to the atmosphere.     

基于GIS的森林资源调查空间平衡抽样方法研究

我国现存的森林资源调查方法存在着空间关联性强、适应性差的缺陷。随着新的森林调查技术规程的出台与林区社会经济条件的变化,急剧上升的调查成本与有限的调查经费的矛盾日益突出。与此同时,森林资源调查过程中抽样框变化、无反应样本单元的现象日益突出。空间平衡抽样(SBS)强调样本点抽取的随机等概和空间上的均衡分布,通过包含概率栅格层的过滤运算,极大地减少了无反应样本单元现象发生。紫金山国家森林公园风景林美学调查空间平衡抽样案例研究表明,空间平衡抽样在降低调查成本、减少空间关联性强方面,明显优于简单随机抽样;但在提高抽样精度方面没有表现出明显的优势,只有当样本容量大于或等于理论计算容量时,空间平衡抽样才表现出一定的抽样精度优势。作为一种具有严格统计学基础的、高效低成本的、适应性强的抽样方法,空间平衡抽样在森林资源调查中具有较大的应用潜力。     

基于森林生物量相容性模型长白山天然林生物量估测

利用中国第四次(1997年)二类森林调查数据,借助长白山天然林森林生物量相容性模型,以汪清天然林区为例,对阔叶林、针叶林及针阔混交林等不同森林群落进行森林生物量及其分量的估测,研究区森林生物量密度及碳密度估测值分别为110.06 t/hm2和51.73 t/hm2,碳库估测值为0.0119 Gt C.阔叶林生物量占总森林生物量的59%,在该研究区占主导地位。     

活性氧技术对修复土壤连作障碍及提高番茄品质的影响

设施栽培番茄连作障碍严重,影响设施蔬菜生产和发展。本试验采用活性氧技术处理设施连作5年的番茄大棚土壤,种植番茄,考察活性氧技术对设施栽培连作障碍的效果。结果表明：在夏季大棚休闲期,采用活性氧水灌溉处理2次,然后覆盖密封1个月,土壤微生物生态系统发生改变,土壤残留尖孢镰刀菌番茄专化型比对照下降79.2%~93.5%,番茄青枯病菌比对照下降83.3%~91.7%;土壤表层可溶性盐分减少,电导率比对照下降55.5%,容重下降4.43%。种植番茄后,活性氧高温淹水焖棚处理比对照增产20.2%~23.7%,表征番茄品质的Vc、可溶性总糖、膳食纤维分别比对照增加52.9%~76.2%、12.8%~16.8%、20.9%~23.3%,番茄果实残留硝酸根比对照下降16.3%~14.2%。表明活性氧及活性氧高温淹水焖棚可以用于修复设施栽培土壤连作障碍。     

Effect of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) rhizosphere and sewage sludge application on zinc desorption with dilute citric acid

Rhizosphere processes have a major impact on Zn desorption and Zn uptake by plant. However, information about Zn desorption characteristics in the rhizosphere of wheat is limited. Therefore, a greenhouse experiment was performed to determine Zn desorption characteristics in the bulk and rhizosphere soil of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) of 10 soils amended and un-amended with municipal sewage sludge using rhizoboxes. The kinetics of Zn desorption was determined by successive extraction with 10 mM citric acid in a period of 1–504 h at 25 ± 1°C in the bulk and rhizosphere of un-amended and amended soils. The results showed that the Zn amount extracted after 504 h in the rhizosphere soils was significantly (p < 0.01) higher than the bulk soils. The mean of Zn desorption in the bulk and rhizosphere of un-amended soils were 10.4 ± 0.34 and 11.4 ± 0.43 mg kg^?1, respectively, while the mean of Zn desorption in the bulk and the rhizosphere of amended soils were 13.2 ± 0.48 and 14.8 ± 0.67 mg kg^?1, respectively. Desorption kinetics of Zn conformed fairly well to the first-order, parabolic diffusion, power function, and zero-order equations. The results of Zn fractionation indicated that exchangeable Zn and Zn associated with organic matter decreased and Zn associated with iron-manganese oxides and residual Zn increased in the rhizosphere soils compared to the bulk soils. Zinc desorption after 504 h and residual Zn in the bulk and rhizosphere of un-amended and amended soils were significantly positively correlated (p < 0.05). Therefore, residual Zn was the main Zn pool that controlled Zn desorption after 504 h in the bulk and rhizosphere soils studied.     

中国季风区土壤137Cs背景值研究

 通过测定山东沂蒙山区、江苏苏南丘陵区以及云南滇池流域背景点样品中土壤137Cs活度,探讨了土壤剖面中137Cs的分布状况,发现不同地区不同质地的土壤137Cs 的分布深度有所不同。非耕地137Cs活度呈指数型分布,且与分布深度表现出很强的相关关系;耕地中137Cs活度呈深度分异上的均一性。确定了这几个地区137Cs的背景值分别为1 737.1、1847.2和918.0 Bq/m2。地区土壤137Cs背景值的确定使得 137Cs示踪技术研究土壤侵蚀退化状况、侵蚀和沉积的空间分布成为可能,为土壤资源的可持续利用、土壤侵蚀的经济损益评估及水土保持措施评价等提供有力的技术支持。     

Origin and properties of humus in the subsoil of irrigated rice paddies

A pot experiment was conducted to estimate the amount of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) leached from the submerged plow layer of rice paddies during the cultivation period and its accumulation in the subsoil. Organic matter in the leachate was fractionated using insoluble polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) which can adsorb aromatic components having hydroxyl and/or carboxyl groups. Total amount of DOC leached throughout the growth period of rice plant corresponded to ca. 0.5% of total-C in the plow layer soil sample (total C, 17.8 g kg^-1) irrespective of the presence of rice plant, and the PVP-adsorbed fraction accounted for 34–43% of it. The amount of DOC in the leachate decreased by more than 50%, and that of the PVP-adsorbed and non-adsorbed fractions decreased by 79–82 and 45–47% by passing through the subsoil packed in the glass columns, respectively. The decreases were considered to be due to the adsorption to the subsoil, since a corresponding increase was observed in the total carbon content in the subsoil. Successive extraction of organic matter from the subsoil before and after the rice growth period with water, 0.25 M NaNSON and 0.1 m Na₄P₂O₇ (pH 7.0) solutions showed that the amount of organic carbon adsorbed on PVP mainly increased in the Na₄P₂O₇ (pH 7.0)-extractable fractions during the rice growth period, while the amount of organic carbon non-adsorbed on PVP increased in all the fractions extracted. These results suggested that the PVP-adsorbed fractions in the leachate were adsorbed to the subsoil mainly by coordinate bonding while the PVP-non-adsorbed fractions were adsorbed by physical adsorption, weak hydrogen bonding, ion bonding, and coordinate bonding.     

图书馆图书清点方法与步骤

图书清点是图书馆的重要基础工作之一,从实际出发,根据图书馆实际藏书特点,详细阐述了针对清点工作的意义及具体的清点步骤与方法。