稀土元素在刺槐幼林上施用技术的研究

应用0.02％浓度的稀土元素叶喷施肥法能促进刺槐的高生长和地径生长。平均高生长量增加16～22％,平均地径生长增加28％。叶绿素含量增加11％以上。稀土元素成本低,经济效益显著,操作简便,适于大面积推广。     

3株环链拟青霉固体培养条件的研究

通过测定菌落直径和产孢量,研究不同温度、培养基和光照时间对3株环链拟青霉的菌丝生长和产孢量的影响.结果表明,在23℃时,3个菌株菌落的直径生长最快,菌株Pc45和Pc287的产孢最多,而菌株Pc305在27℃下产孢最多.与常用的PDA和SDAY培养基相比,3个菌株在改良米饭-蛋白胨培养基上的菌落直径生长和产孢量均显著高于其他培养基;Mg2 和K 对产孢有重要影响.3个菌株均以光照24 h下的产孢量最高,而在0 h下,菌落直径最大,产孢量最小.     

Seasonal changes of maximum daily shrinkage reference equations for irrigation scheduling in olive trees: Influence of fruit load

Maximum daily shrinkage (MDS) is the parameter of daily cycle of trunk diameter most widely suggested in irrigation scheduling for several fruit trees. However, as in other plant-measured approaches, the irrigation decision may be difficult due to the influence of the environment on the values obtained. Reference equations of MDS have been established in order to avoid the effects of environmental conditions. Such equations are usually related to simple meteorological data, in order to easily estimate MDS values in full-irrigated conditions. This paper studies the influence of fruit load and the inter-annual variations on the reference equation of MDS in olive trees. These reference equations were calculated during 4 seasons in a full-irrigated orchard and the equations were validated with the data from a different season. The MDS values were related to vapour pressure deficit (VPD) and temperature taken near the experimental orchard. In addition, meteorological data were considered as mean daily or as midday values; only for temperature was the maximum daily value also used. The validation of the equations was made using the fits with all the meteorological data considered (midday and mean daily of VPD and temperature). In addition, two different fits were used in each meteorological data—one according to fruit load and other with the complete pool of data. The equations fit were significantly different each season in all the meteorological data considered. However, seasons with similar fruit load were more similar to each other. In both meteorological data considered (VPD and temperature) the midday values improved the fit in respect to mean daily values. The equations obtained with maximum daily temperature were similar in accuracy to the one of midday. The reference equations in which temperature was used obtained a better fit that the ones calculated with VPD. No significant differences were found in the validation when equations according to fruit load or the complete pool data were compared. The limitations and usefulness of these reference equations are also discussed.     

不同径向间隙对离心泵动静干涉作用影响的数值模拟

通过改变蜗壳基圆直径改变叶轮与隔舌之间的间隙,采用SST模型对3个蜗壳基圆直径的离心泵全流道进行非定常数值模拟.3个蜗壳基圆直径分别为184、198和214 mm,其对应的间隙率为5.74％、13.79％和22.99％.通过非定常数值模拟获得了不同基圆直径离心泵的压力脉动特性、作用在叶轮上的径向力和扭矩特性,并对其进行比较分析.结果表明:不同测点的压力脉动、作用在叶轮上的径向力和扭矩呈周期波动,均以叶片通过频率为主;不同基圆直径泵叶轮上的径向力矢量图基本呈圆形分布;随着蜗壳基圆直径的增大,叶轮上的径向力先减小后增大,各测点压力脉动幅值逐渐减小,高频脉动也逐渐减少.同时针对蜗壳基圆直径为184 mm的泵进行数值模拟,并对该泵进行了性能试验,对比分析结果表明:数值模拟的结果是可信的.     

喉管直径对文丘里施肥器性能影响的数值模拟

基于雷诺时均Navier-Stokes方程和标准k-ε湍流模型,利用Fluent软件对文丘里施肥器的内部流动进行了数值模拟,并对数值计算方法的正确性进行了验证.模拟分析了喉管进口直径为4,5,6 mm,以及出口直径与进口直径之比λ为1.0,1.1,1.2,1.3和1.4时15种结构方案的吸肥性能.结果表明：喉管直径对喉管及扩散段内流动特性、吸肥性能和效率均有一定影响,但出口直径与进口直径之比λ对文丘里施肥器性能的影响要明显甚于喉管进口直径.根据效率最高原则,喉管直径比应为1.2～1.3.建立了λ=1.2或1.3时文丘里施肥器吸肥效率与流量比之间的回归模型,并应用回归模型预测了吸肥效率最大值.喉管进口直径4 mm的文丘里施肥器当直径比为1.3时吸肥效率可达到15.5%,与直径比为1.0相比,前者的扩散段内部流动平顺、无漩涡出现,且相同横截面的平均湍动能值要小.该研究结果为文丘里施肥器的优化设计提供了一定的理论参考.     

柳州市马尾松地径一元材积表的编制

结合二类调查的固定样地调查,收集了柳州市683株马尾松的胸径、地径成对值,拟合地径——胸径回归方程。利用一元立木材积表导算出柳州市马尾松人工林地径一元立木材积表,适用性检验结果,其精度达94.9%.     

不同营养水平对羔羊肌肉组织学性状的影响

本试验旨在研究羔羊在营养限制期和补偿期背最长肌、半腱肌和股二头肌的肌纤维直径、面积和密度的变化规律.选用蒙古羔羊(羯羊)80只,随机分为4个组,即:对照组(C组)、中等受限1组(R1组)、中等受限2组(R2组)、严重受限组(R3组),进行营养限制期60 d和补偿期90 d的羔羊生长试验.限制期4个组饲粮能氮水平分别为代...     

中国美利奴羊CTNNB1基因SNP与羊毛直径关联分析

以874只中国美利奴羊为研究对象,通过对与毛囊发生相关的CTNNB1基因SNP检测,应用SAS软件拟合线性模型,对CTNNB1基因SNP位点与羊毛直径性状进行关联分析。发现CTNNB1基因的819G>A、974A>G等2个位点与羊毛纤维直径显著相关,其中819G>A位点中,GA基因型对羊毛纤维直径是优势基因;974A>G位点中AA对羊毛纤维直径是优势基因型。上述结果为CTNNB1基因819G>A、974A>G位点作为细毛羊羊毛直径性状的分子标记提供了理论依据。     

雁鹅羽毛毛囊形态结构与分布特点研究

雁鹅羽毛毛囊形态结构和分布特点与其羽绒性能密切相关。本试验采用组织切片技术和光学显微方法观察成年雁鹅羽毛毛囊形态结构和分布特点,用最小二乘均数法对胸、腹和背部羽区的毛囊密度、毛囊直径和S/P值的变化进行分析,以及性别因素对毛囊性状的影响进行研究。结果显示,雁鹅羽毛初级毛囊和次级毛囊均属有髓毛囊,二者独立发生发育并独立分布。鹅的次级毛囊显微形态结构与初级毛囊基本相似,但次级毛囊的羽嵴于羽髓周围呈放射状均匀分布,没有凸出的脊柱状较大嵴突存在。成年雌性雁鹅在其胸、腹、背部羽区的初级和次级毛囊密度均显著高于雄性雁鹅(P＜0.05),雁鹅胸、腹部羽区的次级毛囊密度和S/P值均显著高于背部的毛囊密度和S/P值(P＜0.05)。次级毛囊直径因性别差异变化较大,雄鹅胸、背部羽区的次级毛囊直径显著大于雌鹅(P＜0.05);且雄雌鹅腹部次级毛囊直径均显著小于其背部的次级毛囊直径(P＜0.05)。     

宁夏压砂地枣树根系生长发育情况研究

在2008～2010年间,对压砂地1 a、3～5 a生同心圆枣根系生长发育情况进行了调查.结果表明:1a生的同心圆枣根系垂直分布主要在0～25 cm深土层内,剖面总根量中有近90％粗度小于0.2mm,尤其是0～5 cm深的表层土壤占剖面总根量近60％.与1 a生的同心圆枣根系垂直生长发育情况相比,3 a生的同心团枣垂直分布根量增加了1.5倍,出现了粗度＞3mm的根,垂直分布达65 cm深土层(土层深厚的树).5a生同心圆枣根系垂直生长发育特点,一是0～5 cm深土层根量明显下降、5～25 cm深土层是根系主要分布层;二是25～65 cm深土层的根量明显增加,占该层总根量32.9％～44.3％.其中,粗度＞0.2 mm的根系含量在40％左右.根系水平分布调查表明,1 a、3～5 a生同心圆枣树根系水平分布距离主干分别为50、150、250、300 cm.土施保水剂并配合肥水一体能增加浅层土壤中枣树根系数量,促进其根系增粗.