利用高密度SNP对猪血糖和糖基化血清蛋白性状的全基因组关联分析

【目的】测定苏太猪和白色杜洛克×二花脸F₂资源家系240 d血糖（glucose,GLU）和糖基化血清蛋白（glycosylated serum proteins,GSP）浓度,采用全基因组关联分析定位影响GLU和GSP的染色体位点,为最终鉴别影响该性状的因果基因奠定基础,同时为人类低血糖症和糖尿病的遗传学研究提供参考。【方法】分别将435头苏太猪和760头白色杜洛克×二花脸F2资源家系F₂个体在相同条件下饲养至240日龄进行统一屠宰,收集血液后分离血清,利用全自动生化分析仪测定GLU和GSP浓度。采集猪只耳组织提取DNA并测定DNA浓度。将质检合格的DNA样品利用Illumina porcine 60K SNP芯片判定基因型。运用PLINK软件对SNP判型结果进行质控,将合格的SNP标记用于后续的关联性分析,利用广义混合线性模型及R语言GenABEL软件包进行全基因组关联分析,定位影响苏太猪和白色杜洛克×二花脸F₂资源家系240 d血清GLU和GSP含量的染色体位点。根据全基因组关联分析结果从Ensembl或NCBI网站上分析可能的位置候选基因。【结果】全基因组关联分析共检测到5个与血清GLU和GSP达染色体显著水平相关的SNP位点。其中白色杜洛克×二花脸F₂资源群体在10号染色体（SSC10）24.67Mb处定位到与血清GSP含量显著相关的SNP（ALGA0057739,P=1.58×10^-5）,解释表型变异为3.72%。苏太猪群体共检测到2个与血清GSP显著相关的SNP（ALGA0108699和DRGA0017552,P=1.45×10^-5）,解释表型变异均为3.72%。使用猪参考基因组序列（10.2版本）,无法定位到具体的染色体位置。通过人、猪比较基因组分析,这两个SNP都位于SSC8,距STPG2基因3’端约180.0-193.0 kb。将两个群体进行Meta分析,未发现新的与GSP显著相关的SNP;在1号染色体250.32Mb处（DRGA0002016,P=2.48×10^-5）和14号染色体43.97Mb处（ASGA0062984,P=1.29×10^-5）,定位到与血清GLU显著相关的SNP。通过搜寻显著相关SNP所在染色体区域内的注释基因,发现ASPM、TRPM3和KCTD10 等基因是影响血清GSP和GLU的重要候选基因。【结论】检测到5个显著影响猪血清GLU和GSP的SNP位点。这些SNP位点所处染色体区域内的ASPM、TRPM3、STPG2和KCTD10基因是影响血清GSP和GLU的重要候选基因。     

我国都市型农业发展的典型模式及驱动机制——基于14个大中城市案例研究

都市型农业是城市化进程中产生的一种崭新农业形态。基于北京、上海、深圳等14个大中城市的实地调研,总结归纳目前我国大中城市都市农业发展的典型模式,分析比较不同发展模式间差异,探讨都市农业发展的驱动机制,可为都市农业在我国中小城市的递级推进提供经验借鉴。结果表明,我国都市型农业发展的典型模式包括保障农产品有效供给、特色农业集群、农业园区引领、休闲观光带动、科技创新驱动、产业化经营推动、高效生态循环推动及机制创新驱动等8种,不同发展模式在主要特征、功能导向、业态、驱动要素等方面表现出一定差异。研究表明,都市型农业发展除了农业系统自身演变内在需求外,还紧紧依托于城市经济发展的拉动、资源环境压力的推动、制度政策的支持和城市规划的空间保障。未来都市型农业发展中要因地制宜、突出特色,构建城市群区域协同农产品供给保障体系,统筹兼顾严格保护耕地和满足都市型农业用地,加强工商资本进入的监管和风险防范。     

烯丙孕素片的制备及质量研究

对烯丙孕素片的制备及质量进行研究。以药物的崩解时限和溶出度为主要指标,应用正交设计法对其处方进行优化,制备一种延缓崩解开始时间的烯丙孕素片,以适应不同猪场和环境的湿法饲喂需求。考察烯丙孕素片的外观性状、硬度、片重差异、脆碎度、崩解时限、溶出度、含量测定等,重点对烯丙孕素片的溶出度方法进行了研究。结果表明,烯丙孕素片外观性状、硬度、片重差异、脆碎度、崩解时限、溶出度、含量测定等结果符合要求,含量测定为标示量的90.0%～105.0%。崩解时限和溶出度结果表明,烯丙孕素片在遇水后7～15分钟全部崩解完毕,溶出度大于90%。研究所得烯丙孕素片的崩解时限延长了5～10分钟,且溶出度和含量均达标。由此确定研制的烯丙孕素片处方工艺可行,质量可控,符合拟定的质量标准。     

Effect of simulated transport stress on the rat small intestine: A morphological and gene expression study

The present study investigated the effects of simulated transport stress on morphology and gene expression in the small intestine of laboratory rats. Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to 35 °C and 0.1×g on a constant temperature shaker for physiological, biochemical, morphological and microarray analysis before and after treatment. The treatment induced obvious stress responses with significant decreases in body weight (P < 0.01), increases in rectal temperature, serum corticosterone (CORT), serum glucose (GLU), creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels (P < 0.01), as well as expression of Hsp27/70/90 mRNA (P < 0.05; P < 0.01). The rat jejunum was severely damaged and apoptotic after mimicking transport stress, which may mainly be related to cell death, oxidation reduction and hormone imbalance determined by microarray analysis. The bioinformatics analysis from the present study would provide insight into the potential mechanisms underlying transport stress-induced injury in the rat small intestine.     

甘肃红豆草品种特征特性分化变异及提纯研究

通过测定当年播种的甘肃红豆草Onobrychis viciaefolia Scop.cv.Gansu苗期真叶叶型、叶序叶数模式、生育期、株型、根颈分枝色泽、种子刺型的差别,结果表明,甘肃红豆草种群存在分化变异,已严重退化.建议:采取真叶选育和片选法结合,通过单株选育,培育红豆草早、中、晚熟品系.     

牦牛病毒性腹泻/粘膜病的防制研究

20世纪80年代以来，我国牦牛群中陆续发现牛病毒性腹泻／粘膜病(BVD／MD)，血清阳性率在30％～42．4％之间，病死率在30％左右，本研究先后从四川、西藏等地牦牛中分离出病毒，并对其进行各种生物学特征鉴定后，表明该病毒与标准毒属同一种，所不同的是四川牦牛病毒株属非致细胞病变型，即属NCP型。但回归本动物能复制出典型病例。目前尚无国产牛粘膜病疫苗用于生产。本研究依据猪瘟病毒与牛病毒性腹泻／粘膜病病毒具有交叉免疫性的原理，用猪瘟弱毒苗对牦牛病毒性腹泻／粘膜病进行预防，试验证明用猪瘟弱毒苗可以预防牛病毒性腹泻／粘膜病，且安全可靠，具有实用价值。     

Variability of acetone in milk in a large low-production dairy herd: a longitudinal case study

The objective of this study was to relate acetone in milk with cow and management factors in one low producing dairy herd (5260 kg milk per 305-day lactation). Milk acetone was measured in regular monthly milk samples one to three times within 100 days of lactation in 4433 lactations (2639 cows, 7800 measurements) from one herd over a period of 32 months (1988-91). Associations between milk acetone and cow factors and surrogate measures of management were evaluated by variance components of multiple fixed effect models. Lactation stage, calendar month of study, production groups and milk yield were strong, and percentage milk fat and parity were weak predictors of milk acetone. There was a trend of increasing body weight loss from the first to the second month of lactation with increasing milk acetone level. A substantial increase in milk production in 1991 was accompanied by an almost twofold rise in milk acetone. It was concluded that environmental parameters had strong relationships with milk acetone even in this low-producing herd.     

一株芽孢杆菌的分离鉴定及相关特性的初步研究

为了获得适应当地环境的益生菌株,从当地土壤中分离得到一株芽孢杆菌,经鉴定为蜡样芽孢杆菌.经安全性试验及抗逆性试验,研究了其在不同pH值、不同温度下的生长情况,并进行了药敏试验.结果表明,该菌无毒性,具有抗逆性,最适pH值为6～8,最适宜温度为37℃,可作为益生菌进行微生态制剂方面的进一步研究.     

Practical capability of a DNA pool‐based genome‐wide association study using BovineSNP50 array in a cattle population

Genome‐wide association mapping for complex traits in cattle populations is a powerful, but expensive, selection tool. The DNA pooling technique can potentially reduce the cost of genome‐wide association studies. However, in DNA pooling design, the additional variance generated by pooling‐specific errors must be taken into account. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate factors such as: (i) the accuracy of allele frequency estimation; (ii) the magnitude of errors in pooling construction and in the array; and (iii) the effect of the number of replicate arrays on P‐values estimated by a genome‐wide association study. Results showed that the Illumina correction method is the most effective method to correct the allele frequency estimation; pooling errors, especially array variance, should be taken into account in DNA pooling design; and the risk of a type I error can be reduced by using at least two replicate arrays. These results indicate the practical capability and cost‐effectiveness of pool‐based genome‐wide association studies using the BovineSNP50 array in a cattle population.     

5个草地型草地牧草的生长速率和养分动态研究

在牧草生长季节(5~9月)对小哨牧场放牧演替形成的5个草地型草地的牧草进行生长速率、牧草产量及养分的逐月观测,生长速率测定显示,白三叶+东非狼尾草和东非狼尾草+非洲狗尾草两个草地型草地均出现两个生长峰值,分别在6月和9月,其余3个草地型草地只有一个生长高峰。干物质产量和牧草养分测定结果表明,白三叶+东非狼尾草和白三叶+非洲狗尾草+画眉草两种草地型草地表现最好,可以在气候环境条件类似的地区推广种植利用;白三叶+画眉草和白三叶+非洲狗尾草两种草地型草地表现优良,可以在草地改良中,根据当地实际情况选择性地加以种植;东非狼尾草+非洲狗尾草型草地表现较差,不提倡种植。