28个草地早熟禾品种坪用性状评价

对来自荷兰百绿、美国及丹麦的草地早熟禾28个品种的坪用质量性状进行了研究和评价。单项测定结果表明：各品种质量性状之间存在极显著差异或可明显区分出不同类型。其中,密度最高为Limousine和Elysee(1.45枝条数／cm2),次之为Cynthia(1.02枝条数／cm2);盖度最高为Monoply(87．1％),其次为Wembley(75．0％);质地测定中叶片最窄为Elysee和Limousine(分别为2．57mm和2．74mm),Compact位居第二;生长习性测定结果百绿品种占据半直立型(Julia)、半匍匐型(Sydspor)及中等3种类型,美国和丹麦品种仅有中等类型;颜色测定百绿品种呈浅绿、中绿、深绿3种类型,丹麦和美国品种分别为中绿和深绿、浅绿和中绿2种类型;冬末枯黄表征测定中表现轻微枯黄的品种仅有百绿品种Entopper,其余品种表现为中或重;青绿期最长的品种Fylking(336d)和较长品种Balin,Bar 5649,Conni,Entopper,Monoply(333d)均为百绿品种。依据对密度、盖度、质地、颜色、冬末枯黄表征及青绿期6个主要性状测定值的加权平均进行品种质量性状的聚类分析,认为可将28个品种分为密集纤细型、中等型和稀疏粗糙型3种类型,百绿品种在各类型中均有代表品种。     

茶花鸡种群遗传结构分析及其保种措施的探讨

利用14个微卫星标记对云南茶花鸡12个家系的等位基因频率、平均基因杂合度、平均多态信息含量以及家系间的亲缘关系进行了分析。结果表明:共检测到99个等位基因,每个位点的等位基因分布并不均匀,再对12个家系进行分析,将其聚为3类,一类为Z-1,Z-2,Z-3,Z-4,Z-5,Z-6,B-1,一类为Z-7,Z-8,Z-9,Z-10,矮脚系B-2自成一类,这表明了家系间的遗传相似性,同时我们对特殊的矮脚系B-2进行了相关的探讨,最后我们提出了对茶花鸡保种的相关建议。     

Comparative immunology

As a discipline, comparative immunology enhances zoology and has gained wide acceptance in the biological sciences. It is an offshoot of the parent field, immunology, and is an amalgam of immunology and zoology. All animals from protozoans to humans have solved the threat of extinction by having evolved an immune‐defense strategy that ensures the capacity to react against foreign, non‐self microorganisms and cancers that disturb the homeostatic self. Invertebrate‐type innate immune responses evolved first and they characterize the metazoans. These rapid natural responses act immediately and are often essential for the occurrence of slower, more specific, adaptive vertebrate‐type immune responses. As components of the innate immune system, there is an emphasis on several major steps in the evolutionary process: (i) recognition; (ii) the phagocytic cell; and (iii) the natural killer cell. When vertebrates evolved, beginning with fish, thymus‐controlled T cells first appeared, as did bone marrow‐derived B cells (first found in amphibians with long bones). These were the precursors of the plasma cells that synthesize and secrete antibodies. Confirming the concept of self/non‐self, invertebrates possess natural, non‐adaptive, innate, non‐clonal, non‐anticipatory immune responses, whereas vertebrates possess adaptive, acquired, clonal, and anticipatory responses. This symposium concerns: (i) aspects of the immune spectrum in representative groups; (ii) specific findings (in particular models; e.g. earthworms); (iii) clues as to the possible biomedical application of relevant molecules derived from animals, notably invertebrates; and (iv) some views on the more practical applications of understanding immune systems of invertebrates and ectotherms, and their possible role in survival.     

甘薯地土壤线虫群体分布规律及取样方法研究

在5年连作甘薯地,于甘薯移栽前和移栽后的不同时间,调查甘薯穴中和穴间、株间和行间以及各样点不同土层线虫的群体数量。分析明确了植物寄生线虫和非植物寄生线虫群体的水平分布和垂直分布规律,提出了研究和了解甘薯地土壤线虫发生动态的调查取样方法。     

Identification of Landscape Elements Related to Local Declines of a Boreal Grey-sided Vole Population

Several studies indicate a long-term decline in numbers of different species of voles in northern Fennoscandia. In boreal Sweden, the long-term decline is most pronounced in the grey-sided vole (Clethrionomys rufocanus). Altered forest landscape structure has been suggested as a possible cause of the decline. However, habitat responses of grey-sided voles at the landscape scale have never been studied. We analyzed such responses of this species in lowland forests in Västerbotten, northern Sweden. Cumulated spring densities representing 22 local time series from 1980–1999 were obtained by a landscape sampling design and were related to the surrounding landscape structure of 2.5×2.5 km plots centred on each of the 22 1-ha trapping plots. In accordance with general knowledge on local habitat preferences of grey-sided voles, our study supported the importance of habitat variables such as boulder fields and old-growth pine forest at the landscape scale. Densities were negatively related to clear cuts. Habitat associations were primarily those of landscape structure related to habitat fragmentation, distance between habitat patches and patch interspersion rather than habitat patch type quantity. Local densities of the grey-sided vole were positively and exponentially correlated with spatial contiguity (measured with the fragmentation index) of old-growth pine forest, indicating critical forest fragmentation thresholds. Our results indicate that altered land use might be involved in the long-term decline of the grey-sided vole in managed forest areas of Fennoscandia. We propose two further approaches to reveal and test responses of this species to changes in landscape structure.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Amaranthus leaf mottle virus</Emphasis>: 3′-end RNA sequence proves classification as distinct virus and reveals affinities within the genus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Potyvirus</Emphasis>

Amaranthus leaf mottle virus (AmLMV) was classified as a member of the genus Potyvirus on the basis of its particle morphology, serology, and biological properties (Casetta et al., 1986). Based on these properties, an Amaranthus viridis-infecting virus isolated in Spain, causing mottle and leaf blistering as well as reduced growth has been identified as AmLMV. The 3′ terminal genomic region of this and a reference isolate from Italy has been sequenced and reveals a 95% nucleotide identity between the two isolates. The sequenced part comprises the coat protein with 281 amino acids and 315 nucleotides of the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) preceding a polyadenylated tail. Pairwise comparisons and phylogenetic analysis of the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the CP and 3′ UTR of the cloned cDNAs with those of other potyviruses shows that AmLMV is a distinct potyvirus closely related to Potato virus Y.     

微孔草的分布及植物群落特征研究

采用定量样地法,对孔微草这一特种油料植物的群落结构、群落变异以及群落特征进行了研究。结果表明,微孔草干物质生产量占总量的比率,休闲地为９．１６％、撩荒地为１６．９０％、油草地为１５．３２％、燕麦地为１０．６６％、青稞地为５．９７％;群落系数相应为８７．０９％、８７．９１％、９１．８２％、９５．６５％、９３．６０％;优势度相应为９．６０％、１３．４５％、１１．９９％、１６．６１％、７．１３％。经主分     

成套小样园作为典型众数抽样调查单元的方法

本文介绍了用成套小样园作为典型众数抽样调查单元的方法测定两个不同林分小班的蓄积，并与用点抽样和不同形状样地的系统抽样结果相比较，表明用成套小样园作为典型众数抽样调查单元的方法能满足９０％以上的精度，而且工效很高；作者也探讨了使用此法的条件．     

The whole amino acid profile as indicator of the nutritional condition in cultured marine fish larvae

The effect of variations in the amount or quality of food provided on the amino acid profile of larvae, was tested in two marine fish species, the Senegal sole (Solea senegalensis) and the sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). The objective was to assess whether such nutritionally suboptimum dietary patterns, which simulate situations that may occur in hatcheries, result in variations in the concentration of one or more amino acids that could be used as indicators of nutritional condition of larvae. Restriction in the normal food ration by 60% had no clear effect on the amino acid profile of sea bass, while the concentration of some amino acids (Arg, Ala and Phe) showed significant variations in sole. Feeding on artificial diets, which have shown their inadequacy a priori, resulted also in no significant effect on the profile of sea bass, but in a dramatic modification of the amino acid profile in sole. In addition, changes in the amino acid profiles considered as a whole were evaluated using the cluster analysis instead of paired comparisons between amino acid concentrations in each treatment. The analysis clearly separated profiles of larvae fed restrictedly or inadequately from their controls, irrespective of the species. This demonstrated the potential value of evaluating whole changes in amino acid profile as nutritional indicator. Besides, it was demonstrated that sensitivity of larvae to nutritional changes that may be reflected in the amino acid profile is greatly conditioned by the species and developmental stage.     

文心兰种质遗传多样性的SRAP分析

利用SRAP标记分析文心兰部分种质资源的遗传多样性，采用30对引物组合对33份文心兰种质进行扩增，从中筛选出19个多态性较高的引物组合，共产生277条多态性条带，平均每个引物组合产生14.6个多态性条带，相似系数在0.280～0.927。通过聚类分析发现，在值为0.37时，可将33份文心兰种质划分为4大类群。第Ⅰ类厚叶大花品种，第Ⅱ类为厚叶小花品种，第Ⅲ、第Ⅳ类均为类薄叶品种。 结果表明，文心兰种质的聚类与其遗传背景有很大的关系。