部分菊属与亚菊属植物的形态学聚类及亲缘关系分析

对18份菊属植物、2份亚菊属植物及2个两属间杂种的24个形态性状和1个生物学性状进行统计,并对获得的信息数据运用数量分类学聚类方法进行聚类分析.结果表明:Dendranthema arcticum与其他菊属植物的形态相差较大,单独成一类,其他21份材料聚为一类;野菊与菊花腩、异色菊与甘菊、龙脑菊与那贺川野菊两两间形态相似;毛华菊与日本野生菊属植物有较近亲缘关系,日本野生菊属植物较我国野生菊属植物进化;亚菊属矶菊与纪伊潮菊间形态相似,且与菊属植物形态相近,表明两属间有很近亲缘关系.本研究的形态性状聚类结果与传统分类结果基本吻合,表明所涉及的性状指标可以作为菊属系统发生关系研究的有效辅助指标.     

Method of Constructing Core Collection for Malus sieversii in Xinjiang, China Using Molecular Markers

The method for constructing core collection ofMalus sieversii based on molecular marker data was proposed. According to 128 SSR allele of 109 M. sieversii, an allele preferred sampling strategy was used to construct M. sieversii core collection, using the UPGMA （unweighted pair-group average method） cluster method according to Nei ＆ Li, SM, and Jaccard genetic distances, by stepwise clustering, and compared with the random sampling strategy. The number of lost allele and t-test of Nei＇s gene diversity and Shannon＇s information index were used to evaluate the representative core collections. The results showed that compared with the random sampling strategy, allele preferred sampling strategy could construct more representative core collections. SM, difference for construction of M. sieversii core collection. Jaccard, and Nei ＆ Li genetic distances had no significant SRAP （sequence-related amplified polymorphism） data and morphological data showed that allele preferred sampling strategy was a good sampling strategy for constructing core collection of M. sieversii. Allele preferred sampling strategy combined with SM, Jaccard, and Nei ＆ Li genetic distances using stepwise clustering was the suitable method for constructing M. sieversii core collection.     

农业科技园区集群创新平台建设的研究

农业科技园区集群创新平台建设需要构建园区集群创新环境和运作核心，园区集群创新环境包括内外环境，通过形成一个利于园区产业集群创新的产业环境和创新主体之间的创新互动网络，促进农业科技园区集群创新主体的成长，发挥农业科技园区集群创新主体的能动作用，形成园区强有力的创新运作主体。     

Improved Prediction and Reduction of Sampling Density for Soil Salinity by Different Geostatistical Methods

The spatial estimation for soil properties was improved and sampling intensities also decreased in terms of incorporated auxiliary data. In this study, kriging and two interpolation methods were proven well to estimate auxiliary variables： cokriging and regression-kriging, and using the salinity data from the first two stages as auxiliary variables, the methods both improved the interpolation of soil salinity in coastal saline land. The prediction accuracy of the three methods was observed under different sampling density of the target variable by comparison with another group of 80 validation sample points, from which the root-mean-square error （RMSE） and correlation coefficient （r） between the predicted and measured values were calculated. The results showed, with the help of auxiliary data, whatever the sample size of the target variable may be, cokriging and regression-kriging performed better than ordinary kriging. Moreover, regression-kriging produced on average more accurate predictions than cokriging. Compared with the kriging results, cokriging improved the estimations by reducing RMSE from 23.3 to 29% and increasing r from 16.6 to 25.5%, regression-kriging improved the estimations by reducing RMSE from 25 to 41.5% and increasing r from 16.8 to 27.2%. Therefore, regression-kriging shows promise for improved prediction for soil salinity and reduction of soil sampling intensity considerably while maintaining high prediction accuracy. Moreover, in regression-kriging, the regression model can have any form, such as generalized linear models, non-linear models or tree-based models, which provide a possibility to include more ancillary variables.     

谷物胚乳性状QTL区间作图的贝叶斯方法

将贝叶斯统计原理和胚乳性状的数量遗传模型相结合,以分离群体中各植株的分子标记基因型以及植株上若干粒种子胚乳性状的单粒观测值为数据模式,提出胚乳性状QTL区间作图的贝叶斯方法.该方法通过Gibbs以及Metropolis-Hastings抽样实现的马尔科夫链蒙特卡罗(MCMC)算法获得QTL效应和位置的估计.方法的有效性用染色体水平和基因组水平2套模拟方案进行验证,结果表明:贝叶斯方法能够准确地估计胚乳性状QTL的位置和效应,并同时区分2种显性效应.     

水稻纹枯病抽样技术

采用Iwao.m-x回归法和Southwood公共kc值法求得理论抽样数模型,从而导出在不同置信度、为害株率-x和允许误差d下的理论抽样数n和最适抽样单位.采用Iwao和Willson提出的序贯抽样法得到2个序贯抽样模型,进而获得纹枯病的Iwao-Willson复合序贯抽样法.经比较,结果表明该方法为最佳调查法,可大大减小调查误差.     

甘蔗胚性细胞团诱导影响因子研究

以不同基因型甘蔗品种新台糖22号、新台糖16号、桂糖21号及拔地拉为供试材料,以近生长点0～3 cm的嫩叶鞘组织为外植体、MS固体培养基为基本培养基,研究诱导初期不同分化刺激培养时间和不同激素组合（2,4-D 1.0～7.0 mg/L、ABA 0～2.0 mg/L）对愈伤组织胚性细胞团诱导或分化的影响。结果表明,在MS＋6-BA 1.5 mg/L＋NAA 0.5mg/L培养基中对嫩叶鞘愈伤组织进行分化刺激培养24～72 h,可显著提高胚性细胞团的诱导率,以培养48 h的诱导率最高,平均诱导率为44.4%,比对照增加15.7个百分点;在不同激素组合培养基中,以在培养基MS＋2,4-D 3.0 mg/L＋ABA0.5 mg/L中培养的不同甘蔗品种胚性细胞团诱导率较高、生长较好,其次是MS＋2,4-D 3.0 mg/L;在分化培养基MS＋6-BA 1.5 mg/L＋NAA 0.1 mg/L中对来自不同诱导培养基的胚性细胞团进行分化培养,结果发现在MS＋2,4-D 3.0 mg/L＋ABA 0.5 mg/L和MS＋2,4-D 3.0 mg/L中诱导的胚性细胞团的绿苗分化率较高,不同甘蔗品种平均绿苗分化率分别为65.0%、64.9%,但绿苗生根率较低。     

东海中南部外海虾类组成特征分析

依据2006年5月（春）、8月（夏）、11月（秋）和2007年2月（冬）在东海中南部外海（26°00′-28°30′N,126°00′E以西）海域虾类资源调查资料,对该海域虾类的种类组成季节变化和空间格局特征作了分析。结果表明：东海中南部外海虾类季节间相似性指数较低,各季节贡献率较大的有长角赤虾、戴氏赤虾、东海红虾和假长缝拟对虾等种类。东海中南部外海虾类种类组成可分为A、B两个组群,A组群主要分布在126°00′E以西100 m等深线附近海域,主要以戴氏赤虾、长角赤虾、假长缝拟对虾、高脊管鞭虾和东海红虾为主;B组群主要分布在126°00′E以东100 m等深线附近海域,主要以脊单肢虾、日本异指虾和九齿扇虾为主。两个群聚类型的空间分布没有明显的群聚边界,但密集区有所不同。     

基于钻石模型的烟台苹果产业集群竞争力研究

运用迈克尔.波特的＂钻石模型＂,对影响烟台苹果产业集群竞争力的6种因素进行分析,提出了提升烟台苹果产业集群的对策。     

农业产业集群式供应链运作模式构建及其竞争力研究

通过综述前人观点,介绍了农业产业集群式供应链的内涵及特征。构建了由核心网络和支撑网络所组成的农业产业集群式供应链,并简述了这种供应链的3种运作模式：以农产品批发市场为核心的模式;以农业产业化龙头企业为核心的模式;以连锁零售企业为核心的模式。并对农业产业集群式供应链的竞争力进行了研究,表明农业产业集群式供应链的竞争力主要体现在能使得农业产业集群企业具有更强的创新和知识共享能力、资源整合能力、敏捷的市场适应能力、独特价值创造能力。