濒危植物永瓣藤种子休眠与解除

永瓣藤(Monimopetalum chinense Rehd)为我国特有的单种属植物,国家二级稀有濒危保护树种,其种子具休眠特性。测定了永瓣藤种子千粒质量、含水量、吸水率和种子生活力等指标,分别采用层积、酸蚀和GA3处理种子,分析不同处理对种子萌发的影响。结果表明:永瓣藤种子千粒重为(4.504 8±0.055 8)g,含水率为13.18%±1.84%,吸水率为29.95%±1.58%,种子生活力为94.25%±0.017 1%,种子萌发实验的发芽率为0;层积时间对种子萌发影响不显著,最高仅为2.67%±1.53%,种子经50%H2SO4处理20 min的发芽率为18.00%±3.46%,种子经250 mg/L GA3处理24 h然后再经室内层积75 d,发芽率达到72.67%±7.02%,对照仅为1.67%±1.15%,永瓣藤种子休眠首次有效破除。永瓣藤种子休眠可能与种皮障碍有关,种子内可能存在活性较强的内源抑制物质是引起种子休眠的重要原因,GA3处理能有效解除其种子休眠。     

窝铺山区生态农业的建设研究

文章探讨了发展山区农业经济的问题,如何利用自然资源,利用现代科学技术建设生态农业系统工程,发展农业生产、振兴山区经济.按照“多层利用型”、“综合利用型”及“循环利用型”三种生态农业单元进行建设与研究.运用生态经济学原理与系统工程方法,以小流域综合治理、保持水土为基础,以发展林果业、城郊型畜牧业为重点,充分利用光、热、水、土等自然资源和现代科学技术,走种、养、加的路子,实现物质能量的多层次循环利用与转换,提高了农民的科学文化素质,获得了良好的经济效益、生态效益和社会效益.     

郑州黄河风景名胜区文化景观认知与保护研究

郑州黄河风景名胜区经历长期的发展演变,形成具有中原特色的黄河文化,但目前对于其景观资源的认知模式仍以资源导向型为主,忽略了人与自然持续演进过程中产生的文化价值。因此,基于文化景观的视角,通过研究郑州黄河风景区文化价值层积的演变特征,剖析其文化景观物质表象与精神内涵的构成要素,解读其文化景观价值,并提出相应的保护与发展策略,以实现文化景观的可持续发展。     

Effect of soil moisture during stratification on dormancy release in seeds of five common weed species

Although the effects of cold stratification on the release of physiological dormancy in seeds have been studied extensively, knowledge of the role of soil moisture content on seed dormancy release during cold stratification is limited. Our study determined seed dormancy characteristics and the effect of soil moisture content on seed dormancy breakage during cold stratification in the five common weed species Amaranthus retroflexus, Chenopodium album, Chenopodium hybridum, Plantago lanceolata and Setaria glauca. Seeds of all five species were dormant at the time of harvest and their germination response to light and temperature varied. Soil moisture content had a significant effect on seed dormancy release of all species except P. lanceolata. Germination percentage of A. retroflexus, C. album, C. hybridum increased and then decreased as soil moisture content increased, regardless of germination test temperature. The optimal soil moisture content and seed moisture content for dormancy breakage of A. retroflexus, C. album, C. hybridum were 8%, 12%, 8% and 22.0%, 37.7%, 25.7% respectively. Dry storage (after‐ripening) significantly increased germination of S. glauca. Moreover, increasing soil moisture content first slowed and then increased dormancy breakage in S. glauca. These results suggest that data on soil moisture content should be incorporated into models that predict weed seed dormancy breakage and timing of seedling emergence as well as those for weed management.     

Soil carbon storage and stratification under different tillage/residue-management practices in double rice cropping system

The importance of soil organic carbon(SOC) sequestration in agricultural soils as climate-change-mitigating strategy has become an area of focus by the scientific community in relation to soil management.This study was conducted to determine the temporal effect of different tillage systems and residue management on distribution, storage and stratification of SOC, and the yield of rice under double rice(Oryza sativa L.) cropping system in the southern China.A tillage experiment was conducted in the southern China during 2005–2011, including plow tillage with residue removed(PT0), plow tillage with residue retention(PT), rotary tillage with residue retention(RT), and no-till with residue retention on the surface(NT).The soil samples were obtained at the harvesting of late rice in October of 2005, 2007 and 2011.Multiple-year residue return application significantly increased rice yields for the two rice-cropping systems; yields of early and late rice were higher under RT than those under other tillage systems in both years in 2011.Compared with PT0, SOC stocks were increased in soil under NT at 0–5, 5–10, 10–20, and 20–30 cm depths by 33.8, 4.1, 6.6, and 53.3%, respectively, in 2011.SOC stocks under RT were higher than these under other tillage treatments at 0–30 cm depth.SOC stocks in soil under PT were higher than those under PT0 in the 0–5 and 20–30 cm soil layers.Therefore, crop residues played an important role in SOC management, and improvement of soil quality.In the 0–20 cm layer, the stratification ratio(SR) of SOC followed the order NTRTPTPT0; when the 0–30 cm layer was considered, NT also had the highest SR of SOC, but the SR of SOC under PT was higher than that under RT with a multiple-year tillage practice.Therefore, the notion that conservation tillage lead to higher SOC stocks and soil quality than plowed systems requires cautious scrutiny.Nevertheless, some benefits associated with RT system present a greater potential for its adoption in view of the multiple-year environmental sustainability under double rice cropping system in the southern China.     

室温干燥贮藏和天然高寒草甸层积对草玉梅种子萌发的影响

明晰草玉梅种子休眠的释放,为草地管理和草玉梅的栽培提供基础,研究了室温干燥贮藏和高寒草甸层积对草玉梅种子萌发特征的影响。结果表明,室温干燥贮藏天数不同、是否去掉果皮和是否光照影响了草玉梅种子的初始发芽天数、发芽率和发芽指数。随着贮藏天数的增加,去掉果皮草玉梅种子的初始发芽天数呈不同程度的减小,发芽率和发芽指数呈不同程度的增加。室温贮藏40~180 d的草玉梅种子,去掉或未去掉果皮后光照条件下的初次发芽天数显著低于贮藏0 d处理(P<0.05)。室温贮藏40,80,150和180 d的草玉梅种子在去掉果皮光照处理下,其发芽率间的差异不显著(P>0.05),但皆显著高于贮藏0 d处理(P<0.05)。室温贮藏180 d的草玉梅种子未去掉果皮光照下的发芽率显著高于贮藏80和150 d处理(P<0.05),后两者显著高于贮藏40 d处理(P<0.05),贮藏40 d 处理又显著高于贮藏0 d处理(P<0.05)。光照不同程度地降低了草玉梅种子的初始发芽天数,提高了草玉梅种子的发芽率和发芽指数。高寒草甸土壤中冷季层积处理不同程度地降低了草玉梅种子的初次发芽天数,提高了发芽率和发芽指数。践踏层积的草玉梅种子在30/20℃和20/10℃变温条件下的初次发芽天数分别显著低于层积不践踏处理(P<0.05)。践踏层积的草玉梅种子在25/15℃和20/10℃变温条件下的发芽率(分别为38.0%和35.3%),显著高于层积不践踏处理(22.7%和14.0%);室温贮藏同期(11月-4月)未去掉果皮的草玉梅种子未能发芽。当年10月成熟后层积于天祝高寒草甸放牧地的草玉梅种子,至次年8月底有40.2%的发芽;未发芽的草玉梅种子在培养箱30/20℃到20/5℃的温度范围均能发芽,在30/20℃最高,仅为15.3%,绝大多数种子处于休眠。     

低温层积对百合试管小鳞茎活力的影响

为提高百合试管小鳞茎的适用性,以自繁的百合试管小鳞茎‘Siberia’为材料,研究低温层积对小鳞茎活力表达的影响。结果表明,-2℃、2℃低温处理可有效改善试管小鳞茎发芽率、活力指数、破土能力、抽薹速度等活力指标。研究认为低温层积处理在135~165 天为最佳活力表达期,并因此通过促进抽薹进而高度相关地（相关系数为1.00**）提高了百合籽球（围径6~9 cm）收获率。低温层积是百合试管小鳞茎活力实现田间栽培不可或缺的措施。     

黄土区刺槐林地土壤水分剖面的垂直分层

 为从蒸散耗水角度对黄土区刺槐林地土壤水分剖面进行垂直分层,在山西吉县蔡家川流域刺槐林地布设频域反射仪对0～150cm土层分层连续测定土壤水分,综合利用灰关联分析法和有序聚类法对各土层、不同时间蒸散耗水特性进行研究。结果表明:从蒸散耗水角度,黄土区刺槐林地土壤水分可垂直划分为地表植物蒸散耗水层(0～10cm)、林下灌木蒸散耗水层(10～40 cm)、刺槐蒸散耗水层(40～150cm);灰关联分析法和有序聚类法可以综合应用于土壤水分剖面垂直分层研究。分层方法数学理论基础较严密,取得的分层结果与现有相关研究结果基本一致,因此,有较高可信度,可为黄土区刺槐林地土壤水分研究提供参考。     

不同温度条件对天女木兰种子层积催芽效果的影响

通过对不同温度条件下天女木兰种子层积催芽效果的研究,以期获得快速促进种子萌发的技术。试验采用①天女木兰种子用清水浸种48 h,然后进行室内低温层积((4±1)℃,150 d);②室内控制变温层积((4±1)℃,50 d→(17±1)℃,25 d→(4±1)℃,50 d→(17±1)℃,25 d);③室外低温层积和室外自然变温层积催芽处理。并在层积过程中定期取样测定胚长占种子长的比例、可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白含量、过氧化物酶活性以及过氧化氢酶活性。结果表明:处理②的天女木兰种子,胚发育优于相应的其他层积催芽;天女木兰种子中可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量在层积催芽后均比层积前有不同程度提高;层积后种子中过氧化物酶活性和过氧化氢酶活性升高,室内控制变温处理在层积过程中各种酶的上升速度较其它快。总之,控制变温层积催芽处理的天女木兰种子催芽效果最佳。