美国五种灌木种实形态特征及其萌发特性的初步研究

采用常规的水浸催芽方法,对引自美国的5种共7个种源的灌木树种种实的萌发特性进行了初步研究。对水浸催芽不易萌发的种实再采取其它催芽方法进行实验。结果表明:黑油脂木(Sarcoba tusverm icula tus)和沙生胶兔木(Chrysotham nus nauseosus ssp.turbina tus)的果实特别容易萌发,采用常规水浸处理即可得到较高的发芽率;不作任何处理即进行直播,其出苗率也很高;而四翅滨藜(Atriplex canescens)、巨四翅滨藜(A.canescens ssp.gigan tea)、三齿滨藜(Atriplex.triden ta ta)和内华达麻黄(Ephedranevadensis)的种实,常规水浸处理发芽率很低,通过混沙催芽、层积催芽等方法可以提高种实的发芽率和出苗率。     

Storage of non-dormant seeds of Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl

The effects of drying and storage on the quality of Fraxinus angustifolia non-dormant seeds have been investigated. Mature seeds subjected to a 2-week warm stratification (20 °C) followed by a 2-week cold stratification (3 °C), were exposed to a gentle air stream at room temperature to dry them to 9.5% moisture content. After 4, 8 and 12 months of storage at –3 °C, in hermetically sealed containers, germination tests were conducted in darkness at 30/20 °C and 25/5 °C to evaluate possible changes in seed quality. The results obtained suggest the feasibility of drying non-dormant seeds. In fact, though causing a slight decrease in seed quality, such a process enables storage of ready to sow seeds for at least 12 months without any further loss. The temperature regime of 30/20 °C, prescribed by the International Seed Testing Association (ISTA), was found to be suboptimal for the particular conditions tested in this trial, the 25/5 °C cycle being more stimulating for germination.     

华南五针松种子休眠生理的研究

对华南五针松种子的休眠生理特性进行研究表明,种内生活细胞的酶活性低,是导致其休眠的主要原因;外种皮存在抑制物质、种皮的透水、透气性差,对种子的萌发也有一定的影响。低温层积处理60天,能有效地解除种子的休眠。其最适萌发条件是光照下30℃(日)/20℃(夜)变温,其次为光照下25℃恒温。     

层积时间和深度及贮藏年限对黄瑞香种子萌发的影响

为了找到探索有效打破黄瑞香种子休眠、提高种子发芽率的方法,以黄瑞香种子为试材,研究3种不同层积期、4种不同层积深度以及不同贮藏年限对黄瑞香种子发芽率的影响。结果表明,贮藏1 a或2 a对黄瑞香种子发芽率的影响差异不显著;不同层积期、不同层积深度对黄瑞香种子发芽率有显著影响。层积期10月20日发芽率最高,11月9日发芽率最低;层积深度80 cm效果最好,40 cm发芽率最低;黄瑞香种子生理休眠属深度生理休眠。由于各因素间对打破种子休眠无交互作用,因此层积期为1 0月20日至10月30日、层积深度为60~100 cm,可获得较高的发芽率。     

黄波罗育苗中混雪层积时间及保留密度研究

对辽宁东部山区黄波罗播种育苗的混雪层积时间和保留密度进行了研究。结果表明:随混雪层积时间增加,黄波罗种子发芽率和出苗率呈上升趋势,混雪层积145d的发芽率和出苗率最大,分别达到81.35%、64.59%;1年生幼苗保留密度为100株·m-2时,Ⅰ级苗单位产量达到最高。     

兼顾面积属性与不确定性信息的样本点权重调整方法

样本点权重调整是遥感分类精度评价中样本点空间分配的关键环节。以北京市顺义区精度评价样本点为例,提出了一种兼顾面积属性与不确定性信息的样本点权重调整方法——模糊调整权重法,用于布设精度评价样本点。首先,构建用于表达不确定性信息的模糊中和指数及其权重,融合模糊中和指数权重和面积权重构建模糊调整权重,并计算各个分层的模糊调整权重结果,完成样本点特征空间分配;其次,设置不同梯度样本点集,结合平均最短距离最小化准则和空间模拟退火算法实现样本点地理空间优化布设;最后,构建权重调整效果评价指标,进行模糊调整权重效果评价,并与其他权重调整方法和未进行权重调整的布点方法进行对比分析。结果表明：顺义区不确定性大、中、小的层模糊调整权重分别为0.45、0.37、0.18,与面积权重相比,不确定性大的层权重显著增加、中层权重稍微增加、小层权重明显降低;5个不同数据集样本点权重调整的精度评价总体精度、相对精度、均方根误差和标准偏差结果分别为69.90%～73.48%、96.28%～99.82%、0.01和0.01;模糊调整权重布点方法评价效果优于面积权重、模糊中和指数权重、不确定性空间分层权重布点方法,以及空间...     

不同处理对湖北海棠种子萌发的影响

为提高海棠种子发芽率,以湖北海棠(Malus hupehensis)种子为研究对象,探讨了不同浓度GA3、磁场强度、温度及低温层积处理对湖北海棠种子萌发的影响。结果表明:(1)0.1%和0.05%浓度的GA3处理,播种后20d,湖北海常种子发芽率显著高于对照(P0.05),但各处理间差异不显著(P0.05),播种后30~40d,经0.1%GA3处理的种子发芽率显著高于0.05%GA3和对照组(P0.05),最高可达82.0%;(2)与对照组相比,磁场处理显著提高种子发芽率(P0.05),播种后20d,5 000GS处理的种子发芽率显著高于2 000GS和对照组(P0.05),最高可达92.5%,播种后30~40d,不同磁场强度处理的种子发芽率显著高于对照组(P0.05),最高达82.0%,但各处理间差异不显著(P0.05);(3)20℃和40℃温水浸泡24h处理后20~40d,种子发芽率显著高于对照组(P0.05),增幅最高达86.2%;(4)低温层积处理后30~60d,其发芽率显著高于对照组(P0.05),最高达41.7%。     

Destratification in deep fish culture reservoirs in Israel: Practice and modelling

Thermal stratification negatively affects water quality, and thus is a threatto fish culture in deep water ponds and reservoirs. To prevent and controlit, a device based on an underwater propeller that vertically transportsoxygen rich warm water from the epilimnion down to the anoxic and colderhypolimnion was assembled. The empirical results so far obtained in Israelidual purpose reservoirs for field crop irrigation and fish culture aresummarized herein, and a mathematical model of the device's effect onreservoir thermal structure is presented.     

The optimal stability `window': a mechanism underlying decadal fluctuations in North Pacific salmon stocks?

While recent evidence suggests that North Pacific salmon stocks are influenced by decadal variability in atmospheric forcing of the ocean, the actual combination of physical and biological processes that determines this linkage has not been identified. This paper describes a possible scenario in which water column stability is the primary factor by which the physical environment influences phytoplankton production, the basis for production at higher trophic levels. Variation in the strength of the wintertime Aleutian Low pressure area affects water column stabilities, hence primary production, along the entire eastern boundary of the North Pacific. The `optimal stability window' explains the qualitative relationship between fish stocks and the strength of the winter Aleutian Low, as well as the observed out-of-phase variation between northern and southern salmon stocks.     

蚬壳花椒种子萌发特性研究

目的:建立解除蚬壳花椒种子休眠和萌发的有效方法,提高蚬壳花椒种子萌发率。方法:以恒温4益、恒温25益、变温(先4益层积35 d,后25益层积35 d)湿沙层积70 d处理蚬壳花椒种子,每隔7 d进行1次取样,测定种子内营养物质含量和酶活性,分析各处理解休眠效果,探索最佳层积温度。以层积处理后的种子用不同发芽基质(湿沙、草炭、珍珠岩、土壤)进行拌种处理,探索最适宜发芽基质。结果:变温层积可以有效解除蚬壳花椒种子休眠;草炭拌种可以大幅提高种子萌发率到68%。结论:变温层积可以加速蚬壳花椒种子内营养物质的水解,提高种子内酶活性,促进种子内生理代谢反应。