Thirty years of change and the future of Alaskan fisheries: Shifts in fishing participation and diversification in response to environmental,regulatory and economic pressures

Heterogeneity in human responses and decision‐making can contribute to the resilience of social–ecological systems in the face of environmental, political and economic pressures. In fishery systems worldwide, the ability of harvesters to maintain a diverse portfolio of fishing strategies is important for building adaptive capacity. We used a case‐study approach to examine the complexity of factors that inhibit or promote diversification in fisheries of Alaska, one of the major fishing regions of the world. Through a combination of harvest records and literature review, we explored shifts in participation and portfolio diversity in Alaskan fisheries over three decades. The four case‐studies examined the responses of fishers, fleets and communities to multiple, intersecting pressures, including biological declines, market and price dynamics, fishery privatization and the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill. These cases illustrate how stressors acting at multiple scales can encourage or constrain opportunities for diversification, and that these opportunities may be spread inequitably across participants. Overall, we found evidence for reduced participation and increasing specialization in Alaskan commercial fisheries. While numerous factors explain these trends, policies like individual quota systems and the increasing cost of entry into fisheries are forcing consolidation at local to regional scales. A portfolio approach to managing fisheries that reduces barriers to diversification and includes broad representation of resource users and communities in management may help to maintain opportunity and choice for fishers.     

Assemblage patterns of fish functional groups relative to habitat connectivity and conditions in floodplain lakes

Miyazono S, Aycock JN, Miranda LE, Tietjen TE. Assemblage patterns of fish functional groups relative to habitat connectivity and conditions in floodplain lakes.
Ecology of Freshwater Fish 2010: 19: 578–585. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S Abstract – We evaluated the influences of habitat connectivity and local environmental factors on the distribution and abundance patterns of fish functional groups in 17 floodplain lakes in the Yazoo River Basin, USA. The results of univariate and multivariate analyses showed that species–environmental relationships varied with the functional groups. Species richness and assemblage structure of periodic strategists showed strong and positive correlations with habitat connectivity. Densities of most equilibrium and opportunistic strategists decreased with habitat connectivity. Densities of certain equilibrium and opportunistic strategists increased with turbidity. Forested wetlands around the lakes were positively related to the densities of periodic and equilibrium strategists. These results suggest that decreases in habitat connectivity, forested wetland buffers and water quality resulting from environmental manipulations may cause local extinction of certain fish taxa and accelerate the dominance of tolerant fishes in floodplain lakes.     

关于大庆市河蟹养殖情况的调查

文章通过对大庆市杜蒙、林句、肇源三县的实地调查,全面介绍了这些地方河蟹养殖的基本情况、突出特点,分析了河蟹养殖发展过程中存在的制约因素和问题,结合大庆市的实际情况,提出了今后发展河蟹养殖业的相关对策建议。     

中国渔业大国发展方式转变与策略

中国作为渔业大国,取得了举世瞩目的成就,但同时面临发展瓶颈。论文例举世界主要渔业强国秘鲁、日本和挪威的渔业发展模式,得出不同国家渔业强国的经验启示,并在此基础上提出我国渔业大国发展方向与策略,即要更加重视增加供给以补充需求,更加重视推进产业技术革命,更加重视开发利用渔业健康水资源,更加重视渔业资源的全球市场配置。     

作物育种策略与育种效率

本文运用系统科学的观点分析了正确制定和运用育种策略对提高作物育种效率和效益的作用和意义。作物育种工作整体上由育种目标,育种资源(人力、物力、财力),基础研究,育种程序和技术,以及组织管理等五个相互联系的部分组成,是一个系统。制定育种策略,就是要在制定出合理育种目标的基础上,从育种工作五个部分的相互联系性和层次性出发,综合运用育种有关学科的理论知识、育种经验以及各种技术手段对实现育种目标的动态过程或育种整体计划进行优化,并有效地组织实施,以经济有效地育成新品种,提高育种效率、效果和效益。从这种意义上讲,作物新品种选育工作是一项工程,即作物育种系统工程。     

黄河首曲湿地功能区草地畜牧业经营现状及发展对策

通过对黄河首曲湿地功能区--玛曲县的天然草场类型和分布特点、利用方式、生产经营现状的分析.阐述了制约当地草地畜牧业可持续发展和生产经营方式改善的主要原因,从优化畜群结构、发展季节畜牧业、家庭牧场统分经营、畜牧业产业化发展等方面提出了今后黄河首曲湿地功能区草地畜牧业发展的新思路和可持续发展对策.     

大黄鱼弧菌病综合防治对策的初步研究

在5月下旬用哈维氏弧菌(Vibrio harveyi)灭活菌苗对大黄鱼(Pseudosciaena crocea)幼鱼进行浸泡免疫,7月至8月高温季节投喂添加防病药物或者uharveyi灭活菌苗的配合饲料,进行了综合防病试验。试验结果表明,uharveyi灭活菌苗浸泡免疫接种可以有效地预防uharveyi对受免大黄鱼的感染,但是,受免鱼对副溶血弧菌(V.parahaemolyticus)的感染则没有显著的保护;高温季节投喂添加药物的配合饲料能够有效地降低大黄鱼的死亡率,而将药物添加在鱼糜中后的投喂方式则不能获得明显防病效果;对受免鱼口服灭活菌苗后在56d内仍然可以观察到加强免疫效果。     

名牌战略——浅谈君山银针营销策略

在市场经济条件下,实行君山银针的品牌战略,应确立“茶盖中华,价压天下”这一“卖点”。积极参与市场竞争,加强保护意识,从而赢得市场。     

束丝藻的竞争优势及其驱动机制的研究进展

束丝藻（Aphanizomenon）是一种丝状固氮蓝藻,具有入侵性且易暴发有害水华。近年来,在全球气候变化推动下束丝藻的扩张已然成为一种世界范围的现象,其广泛分布在温带、热带水体中,因其能合成藻毒素和异味物质而严重影响水生态系统功能,威胁饮用水安全和人类健康。束丝藻耐低温、喜低光,在偏碱性、低氮高磷水体中增殖较快,并凭其固氮、储磷以及释放藻毒素、形成群体胶鞘等独特生态策略使其在种间竞争以及群落结构演替中获得较大竞争优势,成为优势种群。鉴于束丝藻的危害性和扩张性,本文从束丝藻的生理生态特性、分布特征、竞争优势及其关键驱动因子等研究前沿进行了综述,并对相关研究领域进行展望,为进一步研究束丝藻种群竞争优势形成机制,有效防控束丝藻水华提供科学依据。     

北海市瓜菜大棚设施栽培现状与发展对策

从规模、新技术应用、栽培模式、效益等方面阐述了北海市瓜幕大棚设施栽培的现状,同时分析了存在的问题,并针对现状和存在的问题提出了政策扶持、创建品牌、强化培训、加大投入和加强产品质量检测等发展对策,旨在促进大棚设施栽培产业的健康可持续发展.