基于景观空间格局分析的宏观土地利用优化研究——以河南省铜山风景区为例

以河南省铜山风景区为研究范围,以RS和GIS为技术手段,利用景区Spot5卫星遥感数据,建立景观数据库。对铜山风景区景观空间格局指数进行数量分析,揭示了研究区景观格局的现状特征,从而确定了研究区的景观格局优化主导思想：维持景区的现有结构,在有效保护和维持景区基本结构的前提下,对破碎度较高的人工景观类型适当调整。最后在该基础上提出景区宏观土地优化措施。     

陕西黄瓜靶斑病菌鉴定及药剂毒力测定

由Corynespora cassiicola (Berk.＆ Curtis) Wei引起的黄瓜靶斑病是陕西省目前设施栽培中的重要病害之一,需筛选有效防治该病害的药剂。采用形态学和分子生物学方法鉴定黄瓜靶斑病菌,并根据菌丝生长速率法测定10种杀菌剂对黄瓜靶斑病菌的室内毒力效果。毒力测定结果表明,96%咪鲜胺TC、20%苯醚甲环唑ME、30%苯甲·吡唑酯SC、200 g/L氟酰羟·苯甲唑SC、40%氟硅唑EC、26%苯甲·嘧菌酯SC和430 g/L戊唑醇SC对黄瓜靶斑病菌的生长抑制显著,EC₅₀值介于0.124 6 mg/L和25.960 1 mg/L,其中96%咪鲜胺TC对黄瓜靶斑病菌菌丝生长抑制效果最佳,EC₅₀值为0.124 6 mg/L,可用于进一步的田间防效试验。而43%氟菌·肟菌酯SC对黄瓜靶斑病菌菌丝生长抑制效果较差,EC₅₀值为5 974.384 2 mg/L,试验结果表明黄瓜靶斑病菌对氟菌·肟菌酯已有很强的抗药性。     

莲藕棒孢霉叶斑病病原鉴定及其生物学特性测定

对海南省海口市桂林洋莲藕田的莲藕植株上发生的一种新病害莲藕棒孢霉叶斑病的病原进行了鉴定,并对病原菌进行了生物学特性测定。研究结果表明:该病原菌为山扁豆生棒孢[Corynespora cassiicola (Berk.&Curst.) Wei];病原菌菌丝生长的适宜条件为温度25～30℃,pH 6～9,碳源为无水葡萄糖或D-木糖,氮源为牛肉膏或大豆蛋白胨;最适生长条件为温度28℃,pH 7,碳源为无水葡萄糖,氮源为牛肉膏。光照对该病原菌的影响不大。     

花生晚斑病抗性AFLP标记

以抗感晚斑病组合“中花5号×ICGV 86699”的F2分离群体为材料，经田间抗性鉴定明确抗性亲本ICGV 86699的抗性受隐性单基因或主效基因控制；AFLP分析结合BSA法筛选到与晚斑病抗性连锁较紧密的AFLP标记3个，即E35/M51、E37/M48和E41/M47，它们与抗性间的图距分别为7.40cM、7.40cM和8.67cM；所获得的3个标记间连锁紧密，位于同一连锁群上。这3个标记在具有野生种亲缘的7个抗病花生品种或材料中均能检测到，而在栽培种以多粒型为代表的抗病材料中均未检测到，表明ICGV 86699的抗性基因与栽培种花生中的抗性基因不同。这是国内外有关花生晚斑病抗性分子标记的首例报道。     

玉米弯孢叶斑病菌PG基因家族鉴定与表达分析

采用生物信息学鉴定Clpg基因家族成员,利用实时荧光定量PCR技术分析玉米弯孢叶斑病菌多聚半乳糖醛酸酶基因(Clpg)在病原菌-寄主植物互作时期的表达情况,鉴定Clpg基因的家族成员,研究每个成员在侵染过程的表达水平,明确Clpg基因在玉米弯孢叶斑病菌致病性中的作用。结果表明,玉米弯孢叶斑病菌Clpg基因家族有4个成员,分别命名为Clpg1、Clpg2、Clpg3和Clpg4,均含有3个内含子和2个外显子,与其他真菌PG基因具有相同的NTD、DD、GHG、RIK保守结构域。Clpg1基因的表达趋势为先升高后下降,在3 h达最高值;Clpg2、Clpg3和Clpg4基因的表达趋势为逐渐上升,结果暗示Clpg基因可能参与病原菌与寄主植物的互作过程。     

豇豆轮纹病病原鉴定及其室内药剂筛选

从海南三亚豇豆设施棚内采集具典型轮纹病病斑的豇豆叶片,采用组织分离法分离到1株致病菌,根据病害症状特点、病原菌形态特征、培养性状、ITS序列分析,鉴定豇豆轮纹病的病原菌为多主棒孢霉[Corynespora cassiicola (Berk. & Curst.) Wei];利用生长速率法,对12种药剂进行室内筛选,结果表明：10%苯醚甲环唑(WP,可湿性粉剂)和50%异菌脲(WP)对病原菌具有强烈抑制作用,其EC50分别为2.709 46和9.093 27 mg/L,而75%百菌清(WP)和50%多菌灵(W     

基于可见/近红外光谱的柑橘糖度在线检测分选系统的设计与试验

在6GF–4型林果无损检测与分选成套设备中,设计了基于可见/近红外光谱的柑橘糖度在线检测分选系统,系统主要包括传输装置、光谱采集装置、控制系统以及分选装置。系统在柑橘果实运动状态中采集其光谱信息,并通过所建立的果实糖度模型进行同步计算,根据所得糖度值对柑橘果实实现在线分选。在光谱采集装置中设计了双透镜式光路,可改变投射于柑橘果实上的光斑大小,通过研究比较试验参数积分时间和光斑尺寸大小,得出系统的最佳采集参数为积分时间100 ms,光斑尺寸设置为小,样本移动速率为5个/s。建立的SPXY–CARS–PLSR柑橘糖度在线检测模型校准集和预测集的决定系数分别为0.938和0.836,校准集和预测集的均方根误差分别为0.273°Brix和0.418°Brix。使用未参与建模的25个柑橘果实样本进行外部验证集的在线检测和分选,结果在1°Brix的误差范围内,检测糖度的准确率为92%;当样本分为4个等级时,系统分选正确率为92%;当样本分为3个等级时,系统分选正确率可达100%。     

浙江第一古樟就地保护措施研究

通过对浙江第一古樟的生长现状调查、生长影响因素分析,提出了古樟保护与景点建设相结合,筑堤保树与改路保树、拆庙护树相结合,以低水位人工湖指示地下水位高度,通过泵提排水控制古樟地下水位等古樟就地保护的具体措施。     

Development of immunodot blot assay for the detection of white spot syndrome virus infection in shrimps (Penaeus monodon)

The VP 28 gene encoding a structural envelope protein of the white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) was cloned into a pET32a(+) expression vector for the production of the recombinant VP28 protein. A purified recombinant protein of 39.9 kDa size was used for polyclonal antibody production in rabbit. Specific immunoreactivity of the rabbit anti rVP28 antiserum to the viral antigen was confirmed by a Western blot. The specificity of this polyclonal anti‐rVP28 antiserum to detect the presence of the virus in WSSV‐infected Penaeus monodon was verified using a immunodot blot assay. Immunodot blot showed a positive reaction in infected shrimp tissues with prominent colour development using 3,3′,5,5′‐tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) as a chromogenic substrate when compared with 3–3′ diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride (DAB). Highest signal intensities of the immunodots were observed in infected shrimp pleopod extracts and haemolymph. On comparison with polymerase chain reaction (PCR), immunodot blot could detect 76% of PCR‐positive WSSV‐infected shrimp samples. Immunodot blot was found to be equivalent to first‐step PCR sensitivity to detect WSSV particles estimated to contain 1.0 × 10⁵ viral DNA copies.     

Protection of Fenneropenaeus chinensis (Osbeck, 1765) against the white spot syndrome virus using specific chicken egg yolk immunoglobulins by oral delivery

Two kinds of specific chicken egg yolk immunoglobulins (IgYs), IgY‐WSSV and IgY‐VP28, were, respectively, raised against the 2 mM binary ethylenimine (BEI)‐inactivated white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) and a principal envelope protein VP28. The activity of purified specific IgYs was stable under the conditions of 20–70 °C, pH 3.0–10.0 and 0–700 g L^?1 sucrose solution. In the neutralization assay, these high‐affinity IgY antibodies can specifically bind with the virus particles to protect shrimp (Fenneropenaeus chinensis) against WSSV infection. After oral delivery for 20 days, the IgY‐WSSV exerted a higher protection effect (RPS: 71.5%) than IgY‐VP28 (RPS: 63.7%). Moreover, an increase in RPS (79.2%) was found on addition of IgY‐WSSV:VP28 (0.1% IgY‐VP28 plus 0.2% IgY‐WSSV). This may indicate that neutralization of WSSV refers to the multiple‐hit model. By time‐course study of the levels of the specific IgYs in vivo, the data showed that the titre was enhanced to a relatively high level (P/N=8.35±0.45) at 3 days post administration, declined slightly (P/N=7.13±1.01) at 7 days post administration and then remained stable for further investigation. The stable antibody level potentially contributes towards blocking a large number of WSSV particles from entering and infecting on the major tissues at the early and late stages after challenge in shrimp.