观赏植物菌根真菌多样性研究进展

菌根真菌具有丰富遗传多样性、形态多样性、物种多样性、生态系统多样性和功能多样性。而观赏植物是重要的依赖菌根真菌的植物类群,对于美化环境、改善生态条件、促进经济发展等方面均具有重要价值,人们给予了众多研究,其中,观赏植物菌根真菌多样性研究表明观赏植物菌根真菌具有丰富的形态、物种和功能多样性。本文系统总结了国内外观赏植物菌根真菌多样性研究所取得的成果、存在的问题,并探讨了今后研究方向,旨在为进一步开展观赏植物菌根研究与应用提供依据。     

林业经济发展与气候因素的因果关系

森林资源是林业经济发展的基础能源,又与气候存在着因果关系.气候因素中的气温、湿度、降水、光照等对森林生长产生起决定性影响,林业生产总值深受气候影响,同时林业经济的发展可能对气候产生正反两方面作用.因此,人们在发展林业经济过程中要考虑到气候变化因素,积极发展木本油料能源产业.     

不同光质LED光源对鱼腥草幼苗膜脂过氧化及抗氧化酶的影响

以鱼腥草为材料,以日光灯处理为对照,分析了不同光质LED光源(白、红、黄、绿、蓝LED灯)对鱼腥草叶片活性氧、类黄酮含量及抗氧化酶的影响。结果表明,蓝光下叶片中TBARS(硫代巴比妥酸)含量最高,较对照高30.18%,与希夫试剂染色结果相一致;过氧化氢产生最多,较对照高190.21%,与DAB染色结果一致;超氧阴离子产生速率在蓝光下最高,为对照组的1.54倍,白光下最低;蓝、绿光下脯氨酸含量是对照的2倍;蓝光和黄光处理下,黄酮含量较对照提高了21.4%。蓝、绿光提高了SOD2同工酶的表达,且在蓝光下最高;蓝、绿、红、黄光处理分别诱导了更多的POD基因位点的表达;不同LED光质均提高了CAT抗氧化酶活性,其中蓝、绿光下CAT同工酶的表达量明显高于对照。综上所述,蓝色光处理可以有效提高幼苗的抗氧化能力,可为鱼腥草品质的控制提供参考。     

西双版纳南览河流域常见观赏蝶种及其寄主植物资源调查

西双版纳勐海县境内南览河流域具有良好的天然植被,蝴蝶种类繁多。为了开展重要观赏蝶种的人工繁育试验,2013—2018年对南览河中低海拔地带的常见观赏蝴蝶及其野生寄主植物资源开展了进一步的深入调查,结果表明,经过5年定点调查和沿线观察,在区域内发现兼具较高观赏价值及人工繁育潜力的蝶种46个;通过观察野外成虫的产卵活动,结合野外套袋及室内饲养幼虫,发现蝴蝶寄主植物38种,初步查明了相关蝶种的野生寄主植物资源。调查工作可为筛选出当地适生优良寄主植物、进一步开展相关蝶种的人工养殖试验提供参考。     

甲壳素对连作平邑甜茶生长、光合及抗氧化酶的影响

以苹果连作土盆栽的平邑甜茶幼苗为试材,探讨了0、0.5、1.0和2.5 g·kg-1不同施入量的甲壳素对其光合速率、活性氧含量及抗氧化酶活性的影响。结果表明,1.0 g·kg-1的甲壳素处理能显著促进幼苗株高、地径,干样质量和根冠比的增加,根冠比为对照的1.51倍;明显提高了幼苗叶片光合色素含量、净光合速率和蒸腾速率,其中光合速率为对照的1.30倍;同时提高了幼苗叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性,分别为对照的1.10倍、1.85倍、1.77倍和1.43倍;减少了叶片丙二醛(MDA)、过氧化氢(H2O2)和超氧阴离子的积累,分别为对照的73%、62%和34%,降低了脯氨酸(Pro)和可溶性糖含量。当甲壳素施用量为2.5 g·kg-1时则显著抑制平邑甜茶幼苗生长,降低幼苗叶片光合速率和抗氧化酶活性,并使超氧阴离子和脯氨酸含量明显上升。因此,适宜用量的甲壳素能减轻苹果的连作障碍。     

A new species of Malus in China,Malus shizongensis Liu sp. nov

Based on morphological, molecular biological, and molecular systematic studies, we describe here a new species of Malus from Yunnan, China. We compared the morphology of this new species, Malus shizongensis Liu sp. nov, with three Malus species, including M. hupehensis, M. baccata, and M. micromalus. Although the appearance of M. shizongensis was similar to these three species, it differed in height, branch color, branch hair, and flower color. To better identify the taxonomy of this new species, genome of M. shizongensis and that of seven Malus species, including M. prunifolia, M. sylvestris, M. sieversii, M. hupehensis, M. baccata, M. robusta, and M. micromalus were analyzed. A phylogenetic tree based on genome analysis indicated that M. shizongensis was close to M. hupehensis. Furthermore, M. shizongensis had its species-specific SNPs, and the number of species-specific SNPs was similar to that of three close species(M. hupehensis, M. baccata, and M. micromalus). Based on the above information, we named this new species as M. shizongensis Liu sp. nov.     

Mycoplasma pneumoniae induces IL-1β production through activating NLRP3 inflammasome by ROS in RAW264.7 cells

AIM: To investigate whether Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Mp)-induced interleukin-1β (IL-1β) production in RAW264.7 cells is through the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome via reactive oxygen species (ROS). ME-THODS: RAW264.7 cells were randomly divided into 3 groups. In normal group, RAW264.7 cells were treated without Mp. In model group, RAW264.7 cells were treated with 1∶ 10 multiplicity of infection (MOI) of Mp. In NAC group, RAW264.7 cells were pretreated with N- acetylcysteine (NAC) at a concentration of 5 mmol/L for 30 min before infection with Mp. The RAW264.7cells were infected with Mp (1∶ 10 MOI) for 4, 8, 16 and 24 h in model group and NAC group, respectively. The intracellular ROS level was analyzed by flow cytometry. The mRNA expressions of NLRP3, ASC and caspase-1 were detected by real-time PCR. The protein levels of NLRP3, ASC and caspase-1 p20 were determined by Western blot. The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β in the supernatant were measured by ELISA. RESULTS: Compared with normal group, the production of ROS were significantly increased at 4, 8, 16 and 24 h after infection, the mRNA expression of NLRP3, ASC and caspase-1 were increased at 8, 16 and 24 h after infection, the protein levels of NLRP3, ASC and caspase-1 p20 were increased at 16 and 24 h after infection, and the releases of IL-1β were increased at 24 h after infection in model group (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the level of ROS in NAC group decreased, so as the expression of NLRP3, ASC and caspase-1 at mRNA and protein levels and the releases of IL-1β in the supernatant at the corresponding time points. CONCLUSION: Mp may stimulate the ROS production to activate NLRP3 inflammasome in RAW264.7 cells.     

极小种群野生植物八蕊单室茱萸的种群状况研究

八蕊单室茱萸为云南省特有的极小种群野生植物和濒危物种。通过查阅相关文献并结合访问调查,确定八蕊单室茱萸可能分布的区域,开展种群资源调查。结果显示:八蕊单室茱萸目前仅在普洱市和西双版纳州有10个天然种群,其种群规模已低于最小可存活种群,属极小种群野生植物和濒危物种,亟需开展保护工作。生境破坏和生境片段化是导致八蕊单室茱单室茱萸濒危的人为因素。提出收集种质资源、营建和管护近地保护种群、建立迁地和回归种群等保育建议。     

抚育间伐对燕山北部山区山杨林物种多样性的影响

为了了解抚育间伐对燕山北部山区山杨林物种多样性的影响,对山杨林抚育间伐前后的物种多样性进行了调查和分析,结果表明:抚育后林地草本植物的物种多样性高于未抚育林地,抚育间伐林地草本植物的Patrick指数、Margarlef指数、Simpson指数和Shannon-Wiener指数分别为35.0、6.13、0.89和2.76,未抚育样地分别为29.0、4.90、0.32和1.91;抚育林地灌木的Patrick指数、Margarlef指数、Simpson指数和Shannon-Wiener指数分别为9.0、1.41、0.43和0.98,未抚育林地则分别为8.0、1.48、0.68和1.51,除Patrick指数外,抚育林地的其他多样性指数都低于未抚育林地;抚育间伐使乔木层优势种的优势更为明显。由此得出结论,抚育间伐对山杨林的物种多样性有明显影响,但草本、灌木与乔木对抚育间伐的响应有所不同。     

Lactation-related mammary gland pathologies—A neglected emergency in the bitch

Mastitis is a common reproductive disorder in bitches, reaching a prevalence of 0.71%. Mastitis has a wide range of forms, from asymptomatic to severe gangrenous mastitis that can lead to septic shock and death of the bitch and nurslings. However, most of the time it is overlooked, undiagnosed or mistreated. The present systematic review was performed to revise and summarize the existing knowledge related to this disorder, including diagnosis, treatment and prevention.