基于机器视觉的工业机器人智能分拣系统设计研究

随着我国工业发展脚步的不断加快,机器人在工业智能化中发挥的作用日益突出,将其应用到机械零件分拣工作中,可以利用机器人的智能化特点,代替传统模式下的人工操作.基于此,本文主要从机器视觉技术出发,探讨基于机器视觉的工业机器人智能分拣系统设计,以此来为日后工业生产效率及质量的提升提供参考.     

农村生活垃圾源头分流收集效果影响因素分析

为提高已在太湖地区农村示范运行的生活垃圾源头分流收集系统的有效分拣率,通过建立分拣人员个人决策（经济）模型．对相关的影响因素进行了分析。结果表明,各因素对有效分拣率影响的敏感度排序为：劳动力成本〉垃圾中可回收废品含量〉可回收废品单价〉垃圾处置成本〉垃圾中可堆肥垃圾含量。根据各因素的可调控性,建议采用由分拣人员定额包干垃圾处置成本的方式,以刺激分拣人员的积极性,从而提高有效分拣率。     

林果机械采收与分选研究进展

我国林果资源丰富,目前林果产量居全球首位,但针对林果采摘与加工的机械化采摘技术以及果品分选技术较为落后,严重制约了我国林果资源的发展。文中对近些年出现的林果采收机械与采收技术进行梳理,分析机械化采收后林果品质无损检测的关键技术与方法,并对林果采摘技术与品质检测技术的研究方向进行展望,旨在为研究林果机械化采摘与智能分选提供参考。     

湖北低山丘陵区侵蚀泥沙颗粒特征及其与地形因子的关系

坡面地形变化是影响侵蚀泥沙颗粒特征的重要因素,深入理解地形因子与侵蚀泥沙颗粒粒径组成及分选特征的关系是研究坡面土壤侵蚀动力学的基础.采用野外降雨试验和粒径分析试验,结合ArcGIS系统识别和提取得到地形因子数据,研究低山丘陵地区侵蚀泥沙颗粒特征及其与地形因子的关系.结果表明:(1)在试验条件下,侵蚀泥沙中黏粒和粉粒总含...     

宣传教育对城市居民垃圾分类意愿的影响机制——环境情感的中介作用及道德认同的调节作用

文中以环境情感(未践行垃圾分类的愧疚感、践行垃圾分类的自豪感)为中介变量、道德认同为调节变量,构建了宣传教育对居民垃圾分类意愿的影响机理模型,分析了环境情绪(未践行垃圾分类的愧疚感、践行垃圾分类的自豪感)及道德认同在其中发挥的作用.通过对389位普通居民的问卷调查,并运用层级回归分析方法及bootstrap方法对上述模...     

平潭岛原生滨海植物群落种间关系

目的 平潭岛原生滨海植物群落种间关系分析有助于深入了解滨海植物群落结构特征和共存机制,对海岛滨海植被的管理恢复与保护有重要的意义。 方法 本研究在群落调查的基础上,通过方差比率法（VR）,χ2检验,Spearman秩相关系数检验及典范对应分析（CCA排序）,对平潭岛滨海4种典型生境类型（基岩灌丛、低山丘陵灌丛、砂生草甸、基岩草丛）的植物群落优势种（重要值 ≥ 1）进行了种间联结、相关性分析,并进行生态种组划分。 结果 4种生境类型的滨海植物群落总体间均呈显著正关联（VR > 1,W > χ20.05(N)）,群落整体处于相对稳定的状态;多数物种对间的联结性和相关性均不显著（P > 0.05）,种对间独立性较强;总体上正负联结和相关比大于1,呈现正联结和正相关趋势。 结论 对比不同的测度方法,相较于χ2检验,Spearman秩相关系数检验种间相关显著率更高,有较高的灵敏度。利用R语言进行CCA排序,并结合种间相关性分析结果,将原生滨海植物群落中的51个优势种划分为4个生态种组,4个生态种组对应4种生境,在平潭岛原生滨海植被的管理恢复与保护中,应充分考虑物种的种间关系和环境适应性,选择合适的生态种组物种进行搭配种植：在土壤含盐率高的基岩生境选择种植生态种组Ⅰ：滨海前胡（Peucedanum japonicum Thunb.）、假还阳参（Crepidiastrum lanceolatum (Houtt.) Nakai）、单叶蔓荆（Vitex trifolia Linnaeus f.）等;在土壤容重大、海拔较高、在岩石裸露率高的环境低山丘陵生境内选择种植生态种组Ⅱ：滨柃（Eurya emarginata (Thunb.) Makino）、胡颓子（Elaeagnus pungens Thunb.）、薜荔（Ficus pumila L.）等;在土壤含盐率较低、疏松的砂生土壤的海岸线,选择种植生态种组Ⅲ：海边月见草（Oenothera drummondii Hook.）、肾叶打碗花（Calystegia soldanella (L.) R. Br.）、珊瑚菜（Glehnia littoralis Fr. Schmidt ex Miq.）等;在土壤含水率较大生境内,选择种植生态种组Ⅳ：勾儿茶（Berchemia sinica Schneid.）、华南狗娃花（Heteropappus ciliosus Makino）、石蒜（Lycoris radiata (L'Her.) Herb.）等。     

葡萄粒分选装置的试验研究

论述了一种新型葡萄粒分选装置。该装置简单、实用，且对其它类似的小型果子的分选具有较大的参考价值     

Kinetics of solutes and particles of different size in the digestive tract of cattle of 0.5–10 years of age,and relationships with methane production

The digestive physiology of cattle is characterised by comparatively long digesta mean retention times (MRTs), a particle sorting mechanism (difference in MRTs of large vs. small particles) and a distinct digesta washing (difference in MRTs between particles and fluids) in the reticulorumen (RR). How these processes mature during ontogeny, and how they link to other digestion characteristics and methane production, is largely unknown. We used a set of passage markers (Co‐EDTA for fluids and hay particles of 2, 5 and 8 mm length mordanted with Cr, La and Ce, respectively) to measure MRTs in 12 heifers (0.5–2.1 years; hay only) and two groups of 15 lactating cows (2.4–10.0 years; forage‐only vs. forage‐concentrate diet). The MRTs differed between markers (Co < Cr < La < Ce) and were longer in heifers than cows, consistent with the lower feed intake in heifers. MRTs were mostly similar between cow groups and increased with age. Digesta washing was not affected by group, age, feed intake and number of chews per unit of feed. The degree of digesta washing was not related to CH₄ measures. Particle sorting was more prominent in cows than heifers but did not differ between cow groups or change with age in cows. This could be the consequence of the abrupt increase in intake from heifers to cows at a time when gut capacity is not yet fully developed; particle sorting might then clear smaller particles from the RR sooner allowing a higher intake. Surprisingly, CH₄ yield per ingested feed did not correlate with MRTs, and CH₄ yield per unit of digested fibre decreased with increasing MRTs and with increasing fibre digestibility. As this pattern occurred in heifers and both cow groups, it appeared independent of age, indicating a mechanism that has not been described in the literature so far and requires further investigation.     

Measuring the outer shape of Pinus sylvestris saw logs with an X‐ray LogScanner

The accuracy of measuring the outer shape of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) saw logs with an X‐ray LogScanner has been compared with the accuracy of using a 2‐axis optical scanner, a 3‐axis optical scanner and an ideal 3‐D optical scanner. The different scanners were simulated using computed tomography (CT) data from the Swedish Stem Bank. The outer shape of 60 saw logs was measured every third centimeter. The error attributable to bark when using optical scanners was simulated separately. The results from the simulations showed that when measuring the outer shape on bark, the X‐ray LogScanner facilitated measurement of the minimum shadow diameter with the same accuracy as with a 3‐D optical scanner. The results also showed that the potential of combining the X‐ray LogScanner with a 3‐D optical scanner should be investigated.     

基于NSPSO算法的混合装配线平衡问题多目标优化

不同品种作业元素的作业时间差异经常引起混合品种装配线的工作站瞬时负荷瓶颈问题,依据给定的排产顺序,兼顾装配线平均负荷和瞬时负荷,考虑不同品种作业元素的作业时间差异对装配线平衡的影响,建立了以最小化工作站内装配时间波动、工作站负荷平滑指数及装配线超载时间为目标的混合品种装配线平衡模型,并设计了基于非支配排序的粒子群优化算法(NSPSO)。实例验证表明,基于非支配排序的粒子群算法在求解大规模混合品种平衡问题方面比遗传算法具有更高的求解质量和求解效率。