可溶性瘟毒灭的抑菌杀菌作用试验

瘟毒灭是一种新型中草药制剂，选用黄芩、黄连、黄柏、大蒜、皂角等10余种中草药常温浸泡，经高温高压、提取浓缩、喷雾干燥而成可溶性粉．可溶性盛毒灭对蜡样芽胞杆菌、猪霍乱沙门氏菌、禽源致病性大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和猪丹毒杆菌等5种细菌的最小抑菌浓度和最小杀菌浓度分别为3．125μg／ml、0．04883μg／ml、6.25μg／ml、50μg／ml、和100μg／ml、     

Development of a water-soluble preparation of emamectin benzoate and its preventative effect against the wilting of pot-grown pine trees inoculated with the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus

Water-soluble preparations have been investigated to develop a trunk injection agent based on the poorly water-soluble anti-nematode emamectin benzoate. Following tests on the phytotoxicity of some solvents and solubilizers and demonstration of the ability of some solubilizers to dissolve emamectin benzoate in water, acetone + methanol was selected as the solvent and Polysorbate 80 as the solubilizer. This water-soluble preparation of emamectin benzoate prevented the wilting of pot-grown 4-year-old trees of the Japanese black pine, Pinus thunbergii, artificially inoculated with the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, at a dose of 20 g emamectin benzoate per cubic metre of pine tree.     

豆油脱臭馏出物中α-生育酚在超临界CO2中溶解度的研究

生育酚有很高的生理活性,油脂生产中得到的脱臭馏出物含有丰富的天然生育酚。作为萃取生育酚的基础,该文研究了油脂脱臭馏出物中α-生育酚（α-T）在超临界CO₂中的溶解度。研究结果表明：1）酯化处理能明显提高α-T的溶解度;2）α-T溶解度随系统压力的升高而升高;3）未酯化的原料中α-T的溶解度随温度的提高而提高;酯化过的原料中α-T的溶解度随温度的提高,先降低、随后上升。从α-T与脂肪酸之间氢键缔合关系、溶质之间的协同作用和操作参数等方面对上述结果的形成进行了分析。     

α-生育酚在超临界 CO_2 中溶解度神经网络模型的建立

生育酚有很高的生理活性 ,油脂生产中得到的脱臭馏出物含有丰富的天然生育酚。作为萃取生育酚的基础 ,该文对甲酯化油脂脱馏出物中 α-生育酚在超临界 CO2 中的溶解度进行了测试 ,并用 Chrastil分子缔合模型和RBF神经网络模型对溶解数据进行了拟合。Chrastil分子缔合模型的相对误差为 2 5 .36 %。对于 RBF神经网络模型 ,经过网络学习和训练 ,训练集平均误差仅为 0 .32 % ,测试集误差为 6 .48% ,效果比较理想     

阿维菌素缓释固体分散体的制备及性能研究

制备阿维菌素不同载体固体分散体,并研究其对阿维菌素的增溶情况及溶出特性。选择聚乙二醇(PEG 6000、PEG 20000)、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮K30(PVP)作为载体,用熔融法和溶剂法制备了阿维菌素固体分散体;采用紫外可见分光光度法测定阿维菌素固体分散体的溶解度以及缓释溶出度。利用紫外光谱和红外光谱、扫描电镜等表征手段对固体分散体的结构特征进行分析研究。结果表明,固体分散体中阿维菌素的溶解度比阿维菌素及相同质量比的物理混合物的溶解度有明显提高,其中PVP-K30的增溶效果最好;固体分散体表现出了良好的缓释效果。物相分析结果表明,药物以非晶型高度分散在载体中。以PEG 6000、PEG 20000、PVP-K30为载体制备的阿维菌素固体分散体能显著提高阿维菌素的溶解度,且缓释效果良好,具有实际应用价值。     

叶菜类蔬菜粉的加工研究

采用热风干燥和真空干燥制备蔬菜粉(青菜粉和芹菜粉),对2种干燥方法、制粉工艺流程、干燥温度及制得的蔬菜粉冲调稳定性等进行研究。结果表明,对样品进行切分,热风干燥温度为60℃,粉粒直径≤0.125μm时,制得的蔬菜粉的颜色和冲调稳定性最好。     

等离子体对鹰嘴豆分离蛋白溶解性和乳化特性的影响

鹰嘴豆作为植物蛋白的优质来源,营养价值高,但功能性质较差无法满足现代食品工业需求。该研究利用介质阻挡放电（Dielectric Barrier Discharge,DBD）等离子体对鹰嘴豆分离蛋白（Chickpea Protein Isolates,CPI）进行改性处理,研究不同处理时间（0、1、2、3、4 min）对CPI溶解性、乳化特性、结构的影响及其之间的相关性。结果表明：经等离子体处理后,鹰嘴豆分离蛋白溶液的pH值降低,电导率增加。溶解性、乳化活性和乳化稳定性得到显著的改善（P < 0.05）。十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析表明等离子体处理并未改变CPI的组成成分及种类,但7S和11S等主要亚基条带强度增加。等离子体处理后α-螺旋含量、自由巯基含量和表面疏水性显著增加（P < 0.05）,无规卷曲含量降低（P < 0.05）,表明蛋白的高级结构发生改变。扫描电镜显示随着处理时间的延长,样品的尺寸减小,表面结构变得更为松散。利用Pearson相关性分析和主成分分析表明,不同处理时间后,蛋白结构的变化与功能性质的改善呈现较强的相关性。等离子体处理4 min后,CPI的溶解性及乳化特性达到较优效果,研究结果可为开发利用鹰嘴豆分离蛋白和指导实际生产实践提供技术支持。     

一种新的系统化的固溶体理论：键参数函数和尺寸因素方法

使用张邦维所提出的键参数函数和尺寸因素理论方法，对５６种金属基体二元合金的固溶度进行系统的研究，发现分隔每个基体金属可溶与不溶元素的定量方程式是一抛物线或椭圆，理论预言的总准确率对抛物线和椭圆规律分别为８７．２％和９０．３％，表明，这种对固溶度的理论研究，无论是系统性还是理论结果与实验数据符合程度都是文献中所未有过的。     

Improved solubility and stability of carp myosin by conjugation with alginate oligosaccharide

ABSTRACT:   Carp myosin was conjugated with alginate oligosaccharide (AO) through the Maillard reaction under low relative humidity, and the functional properties of the myosin-AO conjugate were investigated to clarify the role of myosin in the functional improvement of fish myofibrillar proteins (Mf) by the glycosylation. The findings were as follows. First, myosin became highly solubilized at lower NaCl concentrations by conjugation with AO and NaCl-dependence of the solubility was lost when > 12% of the available lysine residues were reacted with AO and 50 µg/mg of AO was attached to myosin. Second, the thermal stability of myosin was effectively improved by conjugation with AO. Heat-treatment at 50°C for 6 h has no effect on the solubility of the myosin-AO conjugate regardless of the NaCl concentration. Third, the improved functionalities of myosin conjugated with AO remained even at a nearly isoelectric point. The improving effect of AO-conjugation on the characteristics of myosin was almost the same as Mf reacted with AO. Therefore, it is apparent that that improved functionalities of the glycosylated Mf reflect the functional changes of myosin.     

A Kunitz-type proteinase inhibitor with differential solubility during the development of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tubers

Summary Two potato (Solanum tuberosum L., cv. Irish Cobbler) Kunitz-type proteinase inhibitors (PKPI) were previously described to be present in the soluble fraction of proteins from tubers in the early stages of development. One of them became insoluble in mature tubers, being extractable from this material in presence of urea. Amino acid sequencing showed that the soluble and insoluble PKPI were identical to each other. Also, immunolocalization using the protein A-gold method showed that both proteins were present inside the vacuole in free (intravacuolar space) and aggregated forms. The density of PKPI in the vacuolar protein aggregates increased from developing to mature tubers. showing that the soluble-insoluble state of this protein is related to the aggregation levels. Purified PKPI precipitated in vitro. mainly in presence of high calcium concentrations and low pH, but this precipitated form was not as stable as aggregates found in vivo. Based on the results obtained, a model of PKPI insolubilization in vivo is discussed.