高压均质-酶解改性提高酸性条件下花生蛋白的溶解性及其稳定性研究

花生蛋白在酸性条件下会絮凝沉淀,溶解性降低,限制了其在酸性饮料加工领域的应用.本研究通过利用高压均质-中性蛋白酶酶解复合改性提高花生蛋白在pH值4.0条件下的溶解度,并根据Turbiscan多重光散射稳定性分析仪的背散射光强值和体系不稳定指数(TSI)分析不同浓度改性蛋白添加量对酸性果汁稳定性的影响.响应面分析结果表明...     

稀土族Pm和Tm两元素固溶度的抛物线法预测

本文利用张邦维等提出的键参数函数和尺寸因素方法对稀土族Ｐｍ，Ｔｍ两元素基上的室温下固溶度作抛物线法预测，对２３个过渡族基，１８个简单元素基，１３个稀土族元素基和３个锕系元素基的研究所得结果与实验测定数据很好地符合，因此，预测结果是可信的。     

提取香菇DNA的LETS改进法

用改进的LETS法提取香菇子实体DNA,就是在香菇子实体匀浆中加入等体积的苯酚：氯仿：异戊醇混合液前,于匀浆液中加入0．25体积的无水乙醇和0．11体积的5mol／L醋酸钾溶液,能显著提高所提取DNA的溶解性。     

热处理条件参数对豆粕中脲酶活性影响的研究

在不同的时间、温度条件下对普通豆粕和提取异黄酮后的豆粕进行干热处理,测定其脲酶活性变化趋势,结果表明,提取异黄酮后的豆粕脲酶活性更易失活。     

限制性酶解改性鲢鱼肌原纤维蛋白功能性质的研究

为了提高肌原纤维蛋白的功能,采用不同酶(胰蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶及复合酶)对鲢鱼肌原纤维蛋白进行限制性酶解改性,在酶解过程中,通过对水解度、蛋白分子量大小、肌原纤维形态学变化及功能性质进行测定与观察,探究其功能性质随改性程度的动态变化规律。结果表明,随着酶解的进行,鲢鱼肌原纤维长度逐渐变短,蛋白的溶解性逐渐增加,酶解80 min时,肌原纤维主要以1~3个肌节形式存在,3组蛋白质的溶解性分别达到61.2%、36.9%和58.4%;3组酶解蛋白的乳化性和起泡性随反应时间的增加均呈先增后减的趋势,其中复合蛋白酶酶解40 min时乳化活性及起泡性最大,分别达到65.5m2·g-1和110%,胰蛋白酶改性20min时蛋白乳化稳定性最好,可达46.6 min,远大于未酶解蛋白的14.7 min。分子量分布及SDS-PAGE图谱显示,蛋白平均分子量均为20~30 k Da,水解度均低于5%。综上,酶的选择对溶解性的改善至关重要,而乳化性及起泡性的改善不仅需要对酶进行筛选,还需对水解度进行严格限制,保持酶解后蛋白具有较大的分子量,避免酶解过度。本研究结果为蛋白质乳化性和起泡性的改性研究提供了参考。     

Solubility Relationships of Iron and Evaluation of its Fertility Status in Degraded Soils

This study was conducted to determine the solubility of iron (Fe) and identify the solid phases responsible for controlling its solubility in these soils by using Baker soil test (BST) computer program. The results indicated that the ferric ion (Fe³⁺) activity in all the soils, except the acidic ones, nearly approached the theoretical solubility line of known minerals, namely soil-Fe, amorphous-Fe, maghemite, and lepidocrocite. Solubility of Fe in acid soils of Ranchi (soil 3) and Cooch-Behar (soil 6) did not match the theoretical solubility lines of any of the known minerals. The acidic soils of Ranchi and Cooch-Behar were sufficient for Fe with respect to both quantity and intensity factor based on BST rating, while alkaline (soil 1) and calcareous (soil 5) were sufficient in reserve Fe; deficiency of iron still could be suspected because of high pH. These findings elucidate the role of solid phase controlling iron solubility in soil solution of degraded soils.     

黄粉虫壳聚糖溶解性研究

在浓度分别为1%和10%的甲酸、醋酸和乳酸三种有机酸中,脱乙酰度在75%以上的黄粉虫壳聚糖在有机酸的浓度为1%时可以溶于甲酸、醋酸、乳酸,不溶于柠檬酸、酒石酸、草酸,部分溶于水杨酸;在有机酸的浓度为10%时可以溶于甲酸、醋酸、乳酸、柠檬酸和酒石酸,不溶于草酸,部分溶于水杨酸。在无机酸的浓度为1%时可以溶于盐酸和硝酸,不溶于硫酸和磷酸;在无机酸的浓度为10%时,在供试的几种酸中均不溶;黄粉虫壳聚糖可以溶于1%～60%的醋酸,在醋酸浓度为80%时有少部分溶解,在冰醋酸中部分溶解。     

Mobility of Organic and Inorganic Zinc Fertilizers in Soils

Abstract

Zinc sulfate (ZnSO₄ · H₂O) has traditionally been the “reliable” source of zinc (Zn) fertilizer, but other sources of Zn are also available. Some are derived from industrial by‐products, varying from flue dust reacted with sulfuric acid to organic compounds derived from the paper industry. The degree of Zn mobility in Zn sources derived from these various by‐products is related to the manufacturing process, the source of complexing or chelating agents (organic sources), and the original product used as the Zn source. Many claims are made regarding the relative efficiency of traditional inorganic Zn fertilizers and complexed Zn sources. The objective of this column study was to compare the mobility of several commercial Zn fertilizer materials (organic and inorganic) that are commonly used to correct Zn deficiencies in soils. The sources included three granular inorganic Zn sources, two granular organically complexed Zn sources, and liquid ZnEDTA. Soil columns were leached five times with deionized water. Leaching events were separated by approximately 48 h. At the conclusion of the leaching phase, columns were analyzed for plant‐available Zn. Water solubility was the primary factor affecting Zn movement, not total Zn content or organic complexation of the fertilizers. The Zn sources evaluated can be separated into three groups: ZnEDTA, ZnLigno, and ZnSO₄ were the most mobile Zn sources; the ZnOx55 was less mobile, but seemed mobile enough to meet crop needs; ZnOx26 and ZnSuc were relatively immobile Zn sources.     

Sorption of phosphorus by some surface soils from Quebec in relation to their properties

Abstract

Surface horizons from Podzolic and Gleysolic soils were collected in various parts of the province of Quebec, Canada, and equilibrated with various amounts of KH₂PO₄ in 0.01 M CaCl₂ for 48 hours. P sorption data conformed to the linear form of the Langmuir and Freundlich equations. P solubility isotherms showed evidence of hydroxyapatite formation in most samples studied, whereas equilibration solutions of only few samples were saturated with respect to either dicalcium phoshate dihydrate or octocalcium phosphate. These reaction products were associated to soil pH and levels of added phosphate. The average values of the Langmuir sorption maximum for these studied Gleysolic and Podzolic samples were 763 and 1096 μg/g respectively. These values were higher than those obtained by the segmented and modified Freundlich models.

Relationships between the soil characteristics and P sorption parameters were evaluated by regression analysis. Among all variables, oxalate‐extractable Fe plus Al content of the Podzolic samples and the ratio of oxalate—extractable Al to clay of the Gleysolic samples gave the best significant correlation coefficients. Furthermore, soil pH and various ratios such as pyrophosphate‐extractable Fe and Al, oxalate‐extractable Fe and organic matter to clay were found to be significantly correlated only with the P sorption parameters of the Gleysolic samples.