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141.
选取市场上具有代表性的两种商品针、阔叶木浆进行PFI打浆处理,研究在不同打浆度下浆料纤维质量、动态滤水性能、Zeta电位、微观结构等方面的变化,并对不同比例配抄条件下的成纸性能进行考察,结果表明:针、阔叶浆的打浆度与打浆转数之间的关系均符合线性分布:y=17.7503+0.0015x,R^2=0.9914(针叶浆);y=8.8986+0.00275x,R^2=0.9734(阔叶浆);经PFI打浆后,两种木浆纤维长度、宽度变化较小,细小组分含量变化明显;随着打浆度的升高,两者的滤水性能下降,Zeta电位先上升然后基本保持不变;初始打浆度下,随着针叶浆比例的减少、阔叶浆比例的增加,成纸的抗张强度先下降再增大,厚度逐渐下降至不变,定量逐渐增加,柔软度逐渐下降;随着打浆度的升高,成纸的抗张强度增大,厚度、定量逐渐下降,针叶浆成纸柔软度逐渐下降,阔叶浆成纸柔软度先升高再逐渐降低。 相似文献
142.
噁唑酰草胺是一种芳氧苯氧丙酸酯类除草剂,近年来在我国使用面积快速上升。本文建立了土壤中噁唑酰草胺的快速灵敏检测方法,测定了土壤温度和湿度对土壤中噁唑酰草胺降解的影响。研究结果表明建立的土壤中噁唑酰草胺的高效液相色谱检测方法,最低定量限(LOQ)为4.00×10~(-3)μg/kg,最低检测限LOD为1.20×10~(-3)μg/kg。土壤温度为5、15、25和35℃时,土壤中10 mg/kg的噁唑酰草胺半衰期分别为16.8、9.9、3.5和0.9 d;土壤湿度为40%和80%时,土壤中噁唑酰草胺的半衰期分别为3.6和4.3 d。与土壤湿度相比,土壤温度对土壤中噁唑酰草胺降解的影响更大。 相似文献
143.
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145.
Optimum Soil Water Content for Chickpea Emergence in Heavy‐Textured Soils of North‐West Bangladesh
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Sowing of chickpea in the heavy‐textured soils of north‐west Bangladesh with minimum tillage technology aims to increase the timely planting of large areas during a relatively short sowing window before soil water deficit limits germination and emergence. However, the seedbed conditions into which chickpea is sown need to be better quantified, so that limiting factors which affect germination and emergence can be identified. Two of the soil physical characteristics of importance are soil water and aeration. Growth cabinet studies have identified the fastest germination and emergence of chickpea on representative soils for this area at gravimetric water contents of 17–18 %, whilst soil water contents above and below this delayed germination and emergence. Emergence was recorded at soil water potentials between field capacity (?10 kPa) and wilting point (?1500 kPa). Emergence was possible at lower soil water potentials in the finer textured soil, whilst in coarser textured soil, emergence was still possible at higher soil water potentials. 相似文献
146.
为漆树优良品种的选择以及灰色系统理论在林业林木品种评价上的运用提供参考,对毕节市8个漆树品种红漆大木、粉皮大木、灯台大木、红尖大木、肤胭皮、粉红皮、白杨皮、青杠皮等树皮解剖中6个主要性状与产漆量的关系进行灰色关联度分析。结果表明:漆树树皮解剖的单个性状对产漆量有直接影响,其中以漆汁道直径的大小关系最重要,直接关联度达0.7964;其次是活皮漆汁道单位面积与活皮厚度。从树皮解剖的综合性状看,漆树品种最好的依次是红尖大木>红漆大木>肤胭皮>灯台大木>白杨皮>粉皮大木>粉红皮>青杠皮。分析结果与实际生产基本一致,表明在林业生产中运用灰色关联分析进行综合评价是可行的。 相似文献
147.
J. P. Emmet‐Booth P. D. Forristal O. Fenton B. C. Ball N. M. Holden 《Soil Use and Management》2016,32(4):623-634
Soil structure forms a key component of soil quality, and its assessment by semi‐quantitative visual soil evaluation (VSE) techniques can help scientists, advisors and farmers make decisions regarding sampling and soil management. VSE techniques require inexpensive equipment and generate immediate results that correlate well with quantitative measurements of physical and biochemical properties, highlighting their potential utility. We reviewed published VSE techniques and found that soils of certain textures present problems and a lack of research into the influence of soil moisture content on VSE criteria. Generally, profile methods evaluate process interactions at specific locations within a field, exploring both intrinsic aspects and anthropogenic impacts. Spade methods focus on anthropogenic characteristics, providing rapid synopses of soil structure over wider areas. Despite a focus on structural form, some methods include criteria related to stability and resiliency. Further work is needed to improve existing methods regarding texture influences, on‐farm sampling procedures and more holistic assessments of soil structure. 相似文献
148.
Effects of spent mushroom substrates and inorganic fertilizer on the characteristics of a calcareous clayey‐loam soil and lettuce production
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We evaluated the effects of the addition of two types of spent mushroom substrate (SMS), SMS from an Agaricus bisporus crop (SMS1) and a mixture of SMSs from an A. bisporus crop and a Pleurotus crop (50% v/v each) (SMS2), on the characteristics of a calcareous clayey‐loam soil and the yield and nutritional status of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), relative to crops receiving mineral fertilizer (M) and a control (C) without amendment. The application of SMS, especially SMS1, improved soil fertility compared with C and M soils. Moreover, the use of these organic substrates as soil amendments did not harm the plants and gave yields similar to that obtained with mineral fertilizer. The nutritional contents of the lettuce plants were greater than or similar to those of the plants from treatment C or M, except for the plant tissue concentrations of K, Fe and Zn, which were significantly reduced by SMS application. However, this latter fact did not reduce the lettuce yield in the amended soils. Therefore, the use of SMSs as organic amendments contributes to residue utilization, in an environmentally friendly way, and to improved soil fertility and crop yield. 相似文献
149.
The work aimed to quantify native organic C mobilized in one calcareous soil in the 21 days after addition of biochar at a range of large to very large applications. The experiment was carried out in unplanted microcosms, and CO2 flux was used as a measure of net mineralization. A rapid methodological approach, which does not require 13C as a tracer, was used to assess any priming effects induced by the biochar. The amount of CO2‐C mobilized was small relative to the amount of biochar C and proportional to the amount of the biochar added. The additional CO2‐C was similar to the content of the water‐soluble organic carbon in the biochar added with each application. No interaction with native soil C, that is priming effect, was observed. 相似文献
150.
Enhancing pedotransfer functions with environmental data for estimating bulk density and effective cation exchange capacity in a data‐sparse situation
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S. I. C. Akpa S. U. Ugbaje T. F. A. Bishop I. O. A. Odeh 《Soil Use and Management》2016,32(4):644-658
Soil bulk density (BD) and effective cation exchange capacity (ECEC) are among the most important soil properties required for crop growth and environmental management. This study aimed to explore the combination of soil and environmental data in developing pedotransfer functions (PTFs) for BD and ECEC. Multiple linear regression (MLR) and random forest model (RFM) were employed in developing PTFs using three different data sets: soil data (PTF‐1), environmental data (PTF‐2) and the combination of soil and environmental data (PTF‐3). In developing the PTFs, three depth increments were also considered: all depth, topsoil (<0.40 m) and subsoil (>0.40 m). Results showed that PTF‐3 (R2; 0.29–0.69) outperformed both PTF‐1 (R2; 0.11–0.18) and PTF‐2 (R2; 0.22–0.59) in BD estimation. However, for ECEC estimation, PTF‐3 (R2; 0.61–0.86) performed comparably as PTF‐1 (R2; 0.58–0.76) with both PTFs out‐performing PTF‐2 (R2; 0.30–0.71). Also, grouping of data into different soil depth increments improves the estimation of BD with PTFs (especially PTF‐2 and PTF‐3) performing better at subsoils than topsoils. Generally, the most important predictors of BD are sand, silt, elevation, rainfall, temperature for estimation at topsoil while EVI, elevation, temperature and clay are the most important BD predictors in the subsoil. Also, clay, sand, pH, rainfall and SOC are the most important predictors of ECEC in the topsoil while pH, sand, clay, temperature and rainfall are the most important predictors of ECEC in the subsoil. Findings are important for overcoming the challenges of building national soil databases for large‐scale modelling in most data‐sparse countries, especially in the sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA). 相似文献