大学生社会支持和专业适应性的关系:人格的中介作用

为探讨人格在社会支持和专业适应性之间的作用,采用大学生专业适应性量表、社会支持量表（SSS）和艾森克人格问卷（EPQ）对759名大学生进行调查分析。结果发现:有少数大学生对所学专业极其不适应;大学生专业适应性在社会支持水平和人格特质上有显著差异;专业适应性与社会支持和内、外向性显著正相关,与神经质和精神质显著负相关;社会支持和人格特点进入总专业适应性的回归方程,可以有效预测专业适应性,人格在社会支持和专业适应性间起部分中介作用。     

非农就业、基本社会保险选择对宅基地流转的影响——基于2017年CRHPS追踪调查数据的实证研究

为了解非农就业情况以及不同基本社会保险选择是否会对农户宅基地流转的意愿产生影响,基于中国农村家庭追踪调查(CRHPS)2017年数据,运用Logit模型实证检验非农就业、基本社会保险以及二者之间的交互项对宅基地流转的具体影响。结果表明:农民从事非农就业会显著促进农民进行宅基地流转,而且非农就业时间增加、非农就业程度提高会加剧这种流转意愿。农民参加不同的基本社会保险会对宅基地的流转产生不同的影响;参加新型农村合作养老保险或新型农村合作医疗保险的农民会在新农合或新农保的“枷锁效应”下被锁定在农业经营生产中,从而抑制宅基地流转,参加城镇养老保险或城镇医疗保险的农民倾向于进行宅基地流转,结果正向显著。非农就业与基本医疗保险的交互项说明非农就业时间的增加或非农就业程度的提高会缓解新农合或新农保对农民的“枷锁效应”。最后提出保障农户非农就业福利、注重农户劳动力转移质量以及关注农户与非农就业的相合性等建议。     

论“科学技术是第一生产力”的社会转型效应

指出了邓小平"科学技术是第一生产力"的论断具有深刻的内涵,对于推动我国社会不断发展具有重要的作用。虽然不同的社会时期所凸显的社会问题有所不同,但社会问题的解决都离不开"科学技术是第一生产力"的正确指引。当前我国正处在新中国成立以来的第三次社会转型的关键时期,社会经济结构、文化形态、价值观念等都发生了深刻的变化,社会问题层出不穷,亟需得到妥善解决。立足于当前的社会状况并结合邓小平提出"科学技术是第一生产力"这一阶段的历史经验,重新解读"科学技术是第一生产力"这一思想有助于加快实现社会第三次成功转型,实现自然、社会与人类和谐发展。     

论市场经济进程中的伦理异化

市场经济时代的到来促进了中国社会的快速发展,但同时,在日渐物化的社会中,人们开始以社会道德的丧失为代价来换取自身利益的满足.这种社会道德异化现象的出现严重影响了社会经济的持续发展,扭曲了社会主义制度下发展经济的目的.要改变这种“异化”现象,就得让人们明白“社会道德是衡量社会发展水平的一杆秤,离开社会道德,社会发展就失去了意义”这一道理.人们只有用正确的社会道德观来规范自己的行为,才能更好地促进社会经济的健康发展,才能有助于解决经济发展中出现的种种问题,才能更好地构建社会主义和谐社会.     

云南省林业社会化服务体系现状及发展对策

健全林业社会化服务体系对巩固集体林权制度改革成果具有重要意义。基于对云南省林业社会化服务体系现状的分析,对云南省林业社会化服务体系建设的发展提出了4点对策:进一步推进林权管理体系建设,进一步加快林农专业合作社建设,进一步加大金融支持力度,进一步加大科技服务能力建设。     

基于社会表象理论的社区参与旅游开发研究——以福州鼓岭风景区为例

为了促进风景区旅游的可持续发展,以福州鼓岭风景区为例,基于社会表象理论,通过半结构式的访谈分析发现,鼓岭景区社区居民通过社会互动、媒体和直接经验获得的旅游发展的表象偏向积极,但迫于客观条件的限制,如资金、相关技术知识和政策支持等缺少,以及对旅游表象理解的不全面,导致当地居民暂处于表层的旅游参与。最后根据调查结果,提出提高社区居民参与景区旅游的开发建议。     

Extending the Encounter–Norm–Crowding Generalization to Angler Evaluations of Other Social and Resource Indicators

Recreationists who encounter more people than their normative tolerance for seeing others usually feel more crowded than those encountering fewer than their norm. This research note extends this observation–norm–evaluation relationship (e.g., encounter–norm–crowding) to other evaluations and indicators. Data were from a survey of anglers on the Gulkana National Wild River in Alaska (n = 288). Respondents who encountered more people than their norm felt more crowded than those encountering fewer than their norm. When impacts from other social indicators (e.g., camping within sight or sound of other groups, fishing area competition) exceeded user norms, crowding was higher and satisfaction with overall trip quality was lower than for those experiencing less than their norms. When impacts from resource indicators (e.g., litter, impacted campsites) exceeded norms, satisfaction with both environmental quality and trip quality were lower than for those experiencing less than their norms. The encounter–norm– crowding generalization, therefore, extended to other indicators and evaluations.     

Stewardship as a Path to Cooperation? Exploring the Role of Identity in Intergroup Conflict Among Michigan Wolf Stakeholders

Post-recovery wolf management remains controversial. In Michigan, dialogue centers on hunting wolves but controversy may be more nuanced than simple pro- or anti-hunting positions. Social identity may cause stakeholders to organize in groups and identity differences may be driving controversy. To explore stakeholder disagreement over wolf management, we conducted semi-structured key informant interviews (n = 21) about identity and stewardship in August–September 2012. Four overarching identity themes emerged regarding: (a) management objectives, (b) focal levels, (c) control methods, and (d) justifications for methods. Themes indicated two main researcher-defined identity groups. Interviewees from both groups identified six common stewardship themes: (a) bequest values, (b) ecosystem health, (c) education, (d) existence values, (e) pride in natural resources, and (f) sustainability. Findings suggest stakeholders may be conflicting over opposing identities vis-à-vis organization affiliation, which may be related to what management strategies individuals oppose. Establishing common stewardship objectives through established participation methods may help alleviate controversy.     

Social learning in fishes: a review

Animals acquire skills and knowledge from other animals, and fish are no exception. There is now strong experimental evidence that many species of fish exhibit social learning and traditional behaviours. Here, we review the literature pertaining to social learning in fish, focusing on (i) antipredator behaviour, (ii) migration and orientation, (iii) foraging, (iv) mate choice and (v) eavesdropping.