Restoration of tuber production by exposure to unshaded daylight in Eleocharis kuroguwai Ohwi shaded during the early tuber formation period

The loss of final tuber weight of Eleocharis kuroguwai Ohwi by shading during the early tuber formation period (TFP) is overcome by exposure to unshaded daylight thereafter (late TFP). In the present study, the growth parameters that contribute to the dry matter increase (DMI) per day of tubers in the late TFP were examined. DMI of the tuber during the late TFP was determined by that of the whole plant and the ratio of the DMI of the tuber to that of the whole plant during this period. The ratio of the DMI of the tuber to that of the whole plant during the late TFP was significantly correlated with the DMI of the whole plant during the first 14 days of the late TFP. During the late TFP after the exposure to unshaded daylight, DMI of the whole plant correlated with the surface area of the stem (SAS) and net assimilation ratio (NAR), and the SAS correlated with the stem dry weight (DW) and specific stem-surface area (SSA). SSA negatively influenced NAR, but NAR was increased by unshading. During the late TFP after shading, the effect of the decrease of the stem DW due to shading on the DMI of the whole plant was mitigated by the large SAS and high NAR. These results indicate that the growth parameters that contribute to the DMI of tuber during the late TFP after exposure to unshaded daylight are SAS and NAR just after unshading, and SSA during this period.     

猕猴桃果实成熟前补钙对果实含钙量的影响

猕猴桃果实成熟前用喷叶法和喷果法补钙，可显著提高果实中的钙含量。喷叶较喷果效果好。用Ca(NO3)2喷叶，比用CaCl2处理效果好，差异显著。而果实对CaCl2和Ca(NO3)2的吸收选择性差异不显著。经补钙处理的果实采后进行贮藏效果观察发现：用Ca(NO3)2喷叶处理的果实贮藏性较好，用其喷果处理次之；用CaCl2喷果和喷叶处理的果实贮至28天软果率均达到90％。     

Effects of concentrate‐to‐forage ratios and 2‐methylbutyrate supplementation on ruminal fermentation,bacteria abundance and urinary excretion of purine derivatives in Chinese Simmental steers

This study evaluated the effects of dietary concentrate levels and 2‐methylbutyrate (2MB ) supplementation on performance, ruminal fermentation, bacteria abundance, microbial enzyme activity and urinary excretion of purine derivatives (PD ) in steers. Eight ruminally cannulated Simmental steers (12 months of age; 389 ± 3.7 kg of body weight) were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Moderate‐concentrate (400 g/kg diet [MC ]) or high‐concentrate (600 g/kg diet [HC ]) diets were fed with or without 2MB (0 g/day [2MB ?] or 15.0 g/day [2MB +]). Dry matter intake and average daily gain increased, but feed conversion ratio decreased with the HC diet or 2MB supplementation. Ruminal pH decreased, but total volatile fatty acid increased with the HC diet or 2MB supplementation. Molar proportion of acetate and acetate‐to‐propionate ratio decreased with the HC diet, but increased with 2MB supplementation. Propionate molar proportion and ruminal NH ₃‐N content increased with the HC diet, but decreased with 2MB supplementation. Neutral detergent fibre degradability decreased with the HC diet, but increased with 2MB supplementation. Crude protein degradability increased with the HC diet or 2MB supplementation. Abundance of Ruminococcus albus , Ruminococcus flavefaciens , Fibrobacter succinogenes and Bufyrivibrio fibrisolvens as well as activities of carboxymethyl cellulase, cellobiase, xylanase and pectinase decreased with the HC diet, but increased with 2MB supplementation. However, abundance of Prevotella ruminicola and Ruminobacter amylophilus as well as activities of α‐amylase and protease increased with the HC diet or 2MB supplementation. Total PD excretion also increased with the HC diet or 2MB supplementation. The results suggested that growth performance, ruminal fermentation, CP degradability and total PD excretion increased with increasing dietary concentrate level from 40% to 60% or 2MB supplementation. The observed diet × 2MB interaction indicated that supplementation of 2MB was more efficacious for improving growth performance, ruminal fermentation and total PD excretion with promoted ruminal bacteria abundance and enzyme activity in the MC diet than in the HC diet.     

大鲵幼体蛋白质的需求量

为评定大鲵幼体对饲料蛋白质的需求量,以鱼粉为主要蛋白源配制6种蛋白质水平(干样基础)的实验饲料:D1(43.7%)、D2(47.1%)、D3(51.3%)、D4(55.7%)、D5(59.9%)和D6(64.4%),饲喂初始体质量为(20.99±0.15) g的大鲵幼体92 d。结果显示,①饲料蛋白质水平对大鲵增重率有显著影响,在D4组达到最大值,较D1组增加了276.4%,且全鲵蛋白质沉积率和肌肉RNA、RNA/DNA值、胃蛋白酶、H⁺-K⁺-ATPase、胰蛋白酶、脂肪酶和Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase、肝脏超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)均在D4组达到最佳,而肝脏和肠道丙二醛(MDA)在该组均达到最低;②随饲料蛋白质水平增加,肌肉粗蛋白线性增加,全鲵脂肪线性下降,全鲵水分和粗灰分在各组间差异不显著,全鲵粗蛋白先增加后趋于稳定,在D4组达到最大;③大鲵皮肤胶原蛋白含量在D4组达到最高,较D1组增加了27.83%。研究表明,以增重率、肌肉RNA/DNA值、蛋白质沉积率和皮肤胶原蛋白含量为评价指标,通过二次回归...     

烤烟总氮含量和氮碱比与物理性状的关系分析

试验以我国主产烟区的主栽烤烟品种K326为材料,测定X2F(下橘二)等级共计124份样品的总氮、烟碱含量和物理性状,系统地分析总氮含量、氮碱比与物理性状的相互关系。结果表明,总氮含量、氮碱比和物理性状在样品间存在着广泛的变异。总氮含量随单叶重、叶长、叶面密度的增加而逐步下降;氮碱比随叶长、叶宽的增加而上升,随叶面密度的增加而逐渐下降。总氮与叶长、叶面密度的关系可分别用逆函数■=0.827 38.047/x、复合函数■=1.880×0.996x描述;氮碱比与叶宽、叶面密度的关系可分别用复合函数■=0.413×1.023x描述、幂函数描述■=2.791x-0.354。     

黑土坡耕地土壤流失形态分析——以一次降雨为例

以东北黑土区典型漫岗坡耕地为研究对象,测定次降雨条件下整个集水盆地出口处的径流体积及其含沙量,研究侵蚀泥沙的粒径分布特征、碳氮富集度以及可溶性养分的流失状况。结果表明,研究区只有在强降雨的情况下才会在集水盆地尺度上发生水土流失现象。20.5 mm降雨条件下(2006年8月1日)径流泥沙含量为1.0～2.5 g/L,泥沙C、N富集系数分别为2.10和3.31。径流液中DOC的浓度介于2.47～3.93 mg/L之间,TN浓度介于1.61～3.28 mg/L之间,径流携带养分量在整个养分流失过程中是不可忽视的流失途径。侵蚀泥沙(未加分散剂)的团聚体组成和原土壤有很大差异,径流泥沙的流失主要是粒径为0.053 mm以下的团聚体,尤其是0.002～0.02 mm的粉粒团聚体为主。     

不同氮磷配比对三年生宽叶羌活药材产量及品质的影响

采用二因素随机区组设计,利用尿素、过磷酸钙不同配比施用于3 a生宽叶羌活实生苗进行施肥试验.结果表明:单施尿素时施肥量120 kg/hm2是3a生宽叶羌活药材高产的最佳施用量,单施过磷酸钙时,施用量400 kg/hm2是宽叶羌活药材产量最佳使用量.随着尿素和过磷酸钙用量的增加、3 a生宽叶羌活药材的羌活根产量、挥发油含量、醇浸出物含量逐渐增加,在尿素施肥量120 kg/hm2、过磷酸钙施用量400 kg/hm2时3 a生宽叶羌活药材根产量、挥发油含量、醇浸出物含量均达到最大,之后逐渐降低.在青藏高原地区,3 a生羌活药材产量、挥发油含量、浸出物含量最高的肥料配比为:尿素施肥量120 kg/hm2、过磷酸钙用量400 kg/hm2.     

旱地燕麦间作对土壤酶活性、微生物含量及产量的影响

本文通过研究内蒙古旱作区禾本科、豆科及茄科间作对土壤生物性状的影响,旨在揭示燕麦（Avena sativa Linn）与不同作物间作及其单作在土壤酶活性、微生物量及土地当量比（LER）等方面的优势机理。本试验设置燕麦、黑豆（Glycinemax（L.）merr）、苜蓿（Medicago sativa）、马铃薯（Solanum tuberosum L）单作和黑豆间作燕麦、苜蓿间作燕麦、马铃薯间作燕麦共7个处理,探讨各处理对上述各指标的影响。结果表明：燕麦间作黑豆土地当量比最高,2015年和2016年分别为1.62和1.65。燕麦间作黑豆土壤脲酶活性和蔗糖酶活性较苜蓿间作燕麦、马铃薯间作燕麦显著提高了5.00%~51.61%和5.73%~52.29%。2015年和2016年播种后75 d苜蓿间作燕麦土壤过氧化氢酶活性显著高于黑豆间作燕麦,分别提高了29.47%和40.56%。黑豆间作燕麦对比其他两间作处理土壤微生物的生物量碳、氮含量分别显著提高了2.70%~17.89%和11.36%~26.47%,土壤脲酶活性提高了1.51%~55.22%,蔗糖酶活性提高了5.73%~52.29%,是该地区最优的间作模式。     

膜下滴灌棉田生物改良盐碱地效果研究

通过在膜下滴灌棉田间作苜蓿(Ⅰ)、孜然(Ⅱ)和碱蓬(Ⅲ),并以未间作的处理作为对照(CK),研究不同盐生植物改良盐碱地的效果。结果表明：间作盐生植物的棉田在生育期内可以达到保水和抑制盐分累积的效果,土壤含水量峰值基本保持在40 cm深度,其中以间作苜蓿(Ⅰ)和孜然(Ⅱ)的保水效果较好,在0～40 cm深度范围土壤含水量与对照组相比分别提升了29.80%和14.49%;间作苜蓿(Ⅰ)和孜然(Ⅱ)的处理抑制盐分累积的效果也较好,在0～40 cm深度范围抑盐率分别为125%和70.38%。同时,通过在膜间种植盐生植物,棉花的株高、茎粗和干物质量均有一定程度的增加,籽棉产量也有相应的提升,其中以间作孜然和苜蓿的处理提升较多,分别比对照组提升10.45%和7.74%。由此可见,膜下滴灌棉田间作盐生植物是一种有效的盐碱地改良措施,而盐生植物的选择对改良的效果影响较大,综合试验结果对比,间作孜然和间作苜蓿的生物改良措施效果较好。     

丹参药渣栽培糙皮侧耳和毛头鬼伞

采用不同比例丹参(Salviae miltiorrhiza)药渣替代玉米芯对糙皮侧耳(Pleurotus ostreatus)、毛头鬼伞(Coprinus comatus)供试菌株进行栽培实验.经栽培收获两茬子实体,分别对不同配方两个菌种的菌丝长速、单位料重产量、生物学效率等指标进行统计分析.结果表明:在单位料重产量及生物学效率表现上,随培养料中所含丹参药渣比例增加而增加;在菌丝长速表现上则相反.经丹参药渣、玉米芯的碳氮比分析(28.5∶1;88.1∶1)得知,栽培料中随药渣含量的增加氮素含量相应提高(碳氮比55.27∶1～27.44∶1,氮含量为0.76％～2.43％),成为两个菌种产量增加的主要原因.