大马力拖拉机发展现状研究

大马力拖拉机在增收、节能、环保等方面有着不可比拟的优势,通过分析国内大马力拖拉机发展中遇到的问题,提出了通过政策的扶持、基础配件发展、引进先进技术与自主研发相结合、企业间相互合作等发展思路,为拖拉机发展提出了建议。     

探讨不同浓度碘乙酸钠对家兔早期膝关节骨性关节炎模型的诱导及病理改变

目的 探讨不同浓度碘乙酸钠对家兔早期膝骨性关节炎（osteoarthritis,OA）模型的诱导及病理改变,确定建立OA模型的最小有效药物浓度。方法 将36只新西兰大白兔随机分为正常（A）组、模型（B~F）组,共6组,每组6只。A组左膝关节腔注射0.2 mL无菌生理盐水;B~E组左膝关节腔按照2.5、5、7.5、10 mg/kg剂量各注射0.2 mL的碘乙酸钠溶液,F组注射剂量与E组相同,同时以30 min/d分2次驱赶运动为干预因素。建模14 d后,采用HE染色及骨性关节炎组织病理学评分（Mankin评分）观察各组软骨的病理改变。结果 Mankin评分与A组相比,B、C组差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,D、E、F组差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;与E组比较,F组差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 模型D组药物浓度7.5 mg/kg为建立OA模型的最小有效药物剂量,且模型建立方法操作简单、创伤小,能够保证膝关节稳定性及实验动物的成活率。     

装配式钢板-混凝土地下粮仓螺栓-焊缝节点受弯承载力分析

装配式钢板-混凝土组合地下粮仓具有节约土地、节能减碳、绿色环保、密闭低温等优点,但是连接节点的结构形式和力学性能仍是制约其发展及推广应用的关键难题之一。为解决节点焊缝过多、施焊难度大等问题,该研究提出一种新型装配式钢板-混凝土组合地下粮仓螺栓-焊缝竖向节点,采用螺栓代替部分焊缝,减少焊缝长度、方便构件施工。依据规范要求及实际工程情况,设计了2种不同螺栓数量（单侧三螺栓连接和单侧五螺栓连接）的螺栓-焊缝竖向节点试件,利用四点弯曲试验与有限元数值分析,研究其破坏形态和受弯承载力性能。结果表明：三螺栓试件与五螺栓试件承载力的试验值分别为1 998、2 053 kN,两试件承载力基本相同;相较于五螺栓试件,三螺栓试件在破坏后具有更好的延性。在参数取值范围内,混凝土强度、内防水钢板厚度、外防水钢板厚度和内衬钢板厚度对峰值荷载回归得到的标准化系数（Beta）分别为0.993、-0.003、-0.012、0.056,表明增加混凝土强度可有效提高试件承载能力。研究成果可为装配式钢板-混凝土地下粮仓节点的设计提供科学参考和设计依据。     

基于两变量联合分布的干旱特征分析

以标准降水指数作为干旱指标,通过Copula函数构造干旱历时和干旱程度的联合分布来分析干旱的基本特征,并以汉江上游为例进行了应用研究.结果表明,由于联合分布考虑了两变量之间的各种组合,并且可以求出各干旱历时或干旱程度下的条件概率,因此,能够更全面地反映干旱的特征.     

客运专线刚架系杆拱桥受力状态研究

对刚架系杆拱桥作了全桥空间有限元分析、拱墩连接处局部空间有限元分析和1∶3缩尺模型试验.研究结果表明：刚架系杆拱桥的预应力混凝土主梁由于和系杆分离，其受力行为相当于弹性支承上的连续梁，较普通系杆拱桥有很大改善；钢箱拱肋受力行为与普通系杆拱桥类似；墩拱节点是刚架系杆拱桥的关键部位，永修特大桥墩拱节点由于采用了足够多的栓钉、PBL键和足够大的螺纹钢筋预压应力，结构牢固，承载力很大，传力顺畅；刚架系杆拱桥在客运专线上的应用是完全可行的.     

Histology of two rice bodies isolated from the stifle of an adult draught horse stallion

In the human and equine species, different kinds of free floating intra-articular particles are related to certain disorders. Osteochondral fragments formed during osteochondrosis dissecans are the most common finding in the equine species, whereas in humans rice bodies due to rheumatoid arthritis are more frequent. Herein we report a third type of floating body inside the stifle of an adult draught horse stallion, in macroscopic appearance similar to articular rice bodies known in humans. As revealed by histologic examination, the two particles consist of polypoid degenerated structures derived from synovial villi. Their formation was probably induced by ischemia.     

用小波系数估计图像边缘方向的相干增强扩散图像降噪算法

在分析相干增强扩散方法和小波阈值收缩方法之间关系的基础上,给出了相干增强扩散在小波分析意义下的解释,同时解释了相干增强扩散方法与小波阈值收缩方法在图像性质上的等价性。针对相干增强扩散计算扩散矩阵较慢的缺点,提出了一种用小波系数估计图像边缘方向的相干增强扩散图像降噪算法。仿真试验结果表明,该扩散算子可以很好地定位图像边缘,较好地运用了小波的时频分析功能。     

Is dose‐splitting of graminicides as effective as a single application?

Dose‐splitting or reduced dose repeat application, i.e. the application of a herbicide twice to the same plant, is likely to become a more common scenario in future, if farmers adopt the use of novel techniques for prediction of herbicide efficacy shortly after application. Fourteen pot experiments were conducted to study whether graminicides applied to annual grass weeds as dose‐splitting treatments were as effective as single applications. The influence of time interval between applications and the ratio of the doses of the two applications were studied. Two statistical approaches were applied: comparison of the ED₉₀ of the single treatments and a joint action model. The study revealed that flupyrsulfuron, iodosulfuron, sulfosulfuron, clodinafop and glyphosate could be applied as repeat treatments with up to 14 days’ interval between the two applications without loss of activity. In some experiments, particularly with iodosulfuron, dose‐splitting enhanced herbicide performance. By contrast, prosulfocarb responded adversely, most likely due to the pronounced impact of weed growth stage on the activity of this herbicide. The ratio of the doses and the timing between the two applications had no significant influence on herbicide responses. The results of the present studies showed that even if a reduced dose of a graminicide results in an unsatisfactory control and it is necessary to re‐spray, the overall use of herbicide will not increase, if methods are available that can predict the efficacy of a herbicide application within the first 1–2 weeks after application.     

LOW-FIELD MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING OF EARLY SUBCHONDRAL CYST-LIKE LESIONS IN INDUCED CRANIAL CRUCIATE LIGAMENT DEFICIENT DOGS

Six healthy adult male mongrel dogs underwent cranial cruciate ligament transection in the left stifle. Survey radiography of both stifles and low-field (0.064 T) MRI of the left stifle were performed preoperatively and at 2, 6, and 12 weeks postoperatively. Focal changes in signal intensity were seen with MRI in the subchondral bone of the medial tibial condyle at 2 and 6 weeks postoperatively. At 12 weeks postoperative, a cyst-like lesion was detected using MRI in the subchondral bone of the medial tibial condyle in 4 of 6 dogs and a less defined lesion at this site in the remaining 2 dogs. The cyst-like lesion was spherical in shape and showed typical characteristics of fluid with low signal intensity on T1-weighted images, high signal intensity on T2-weighted images and high signal intensity on inversion recovery images. The lesion was seen in the subchondral bone of the caudal medial and/or middle region of the tibial plateau slightly cranial to the insertion of the caudal cruciate ligament. No subchondral cysts were seen in the tibia on radiographs. Histopathologically, the tibia was characterized by a loose myxomatous phase of early subchondral cyst formation.     

Evaluation of Joint Toxicity of Enrofloxacin and Three Antimicrobials on MRC-5 Cells

The aim of this study was to evaluate the combined toxicity of enrofloxacin with each of three antimicrobials (ciprofloxacin,florfenicol and sulfamethazine).MRC-5 cells were used as a cell model to simulate the damage of lung cells caused by mixed contamination of antimicrobials.Multiple concentration gradients and mixing ratios were set.CCK-8 method was used to determine the inhibition rate of cell growth caused by four antimicrobials and the inhibition rate of cell growth caused by enofloxacin mixed with three antimicrobials,respectively.Then Chou-Talalay method was used to fit the median effect plot and to calculate the combination index (CI) value.The results showed that the growth inhibition rates of MCR-5 cells caused by four single drugs went up in a step-like manner with the increase of drug concentration in the tested concentration range,among them,the growth inhibitory rate of MCR-5 cells by florfenicol was low (<4.5%).The combined toxicity of the three binary combinations showed a concentration-dependent and mixing-ratio dependence.Mixing enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin showed synergistic toxicity (CI<1) on MRC-5 cells at high and middle concentration groups,and antagonistic toxicity (CI>1) at the very-low-concentration groups.Mixing ciprofloxacin and florfenicol mainly showed an inhibited toxicity (CI>1).Binary combination enrofloxacin and sulfamethazine might present either a synergistic joint toxicity (CI<1) or an antagonistic joint toxicity (CI>1) as the concentration and mixing ratio changing.This study showed that it was necessary to assess the combined toxicity of antimicrobials in the toxicity evaluation of antimicrobials.Using Chou-Talalay method,the joint toxicity of multiple antimicrobials could be quickly and efficiently determined at cellular level.