苦丁红茶加工工艺试验及品质分析

利用苦丁茶嫩梢进行手工及配套机械加工工艺研究。对设计的5种苦丁红茶的工艺流程得出的苦丁红茶进行感官审评及内含成分检测评定,结果表明:工艺为萎凋-揉捻-发酵-烘干、萎凋-漂杀-冷却脱水-揉捻-渥堆-烘干的茶叶品质较好,其理化检测TR/TF值分别为30.3和25.8,与红茶品质接近;感官审评总体评价优于其它处理。     

不同施肥对雷竹林土壤肥力及肥料利用率的影响

于2009年,在浙江省临安市的雷竹林中进行田间试验,以比较对照(不施肥)、常规施肥、缓释肥、竹笋专用肥和微生物肥对雷竹林土壤肥力质量、养分利用率和竹笋产量的影响。结果表明,雷竹林因施肥引起的土壤速效氮磷钾含量的过量积累和土壤酸化的程度按以下次序递减:常规施肥>专用复合肥≈缓释肥>微生物肥。常规施肥的肥料农学利用率最低,氮、磷和钾农学利用率分别为鲜笋4.7 kg kg-1、23.6kg kg-1和14.2 kg kg-1。与常规施肥处理相比,专用复合肥和缓释肥2个处理的氮、磷、钾农学利用率分别提高40.4%～53.2%、50.8%～90.7%和35.5%～39.5%,而微生物肥处理则分别提高38.9倍、67.8%和2.0倍。与对照相比,常规施肥处理的竹笋产量和经济效益分别提高了29.6%和14.3%,而专用复合肥、缓释肥、微生物肥3个处理的竹笋产量和经济效益分别提高了27.5%～29.0%和14.6%～17.8%。     

棉花黄萎病拮抗细菌HMB-1005鉴定及定殖

以大丽轮枝菌(Verticillium dahliae)为指示菌,对从棉田土壤中已经分离筛选到的细菌HMB-1005进行形态、19项生理生化特征及16S rDNA试验,结果表明,HMB-1005为解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens);通过灭菌土和非灭菌土进行盆栽试验,拮抗菌HMB-1005芽孢液浸种、土壤全部混菌和部分混菌3种处理,经过5个月的盆栽试验表明,拮抗细菌HMB-1005能够在灭菌土和非灭菌土中定殖,且定殖数量达106cfu/g土左右,并仍能保持较高的抑菌活性。通过对棉苗根内细菌的分离,证实拮抗细菌HMB-1005能在棉花根内定殖,数量达到103cfu/g。实验结果显示,灭菌土的拮抗菌数高于非灭菌土,并且3种处理方式差异不明显,在实际生产应用中,建议使用浸种方法。     

Response of Rice Seedlings to Copper Toxicity and Acidity

Metal toxicity and soil acidity affect plant growth. A hydroponic experiment was conducted to simulate effects of pH and copper concentration [Cu] on early growth and biomass production of high-yielding rice seedlings (Oryza sativa L. cv. ‘NIAB 6’). The rice seedlings were allowed to grow in Yoshida nutrient solution with 1 (control), 8, 16, and 32 μM Cu at buffered pH levels of 4.5, 5.0, and 5.5, respectively. Shoot and root growth, leaf chlorophyll content, and root lipid peroxidation and K⁺ leakage of 15-day-old rice seedlings were determined. Results show that [Cu] had significant adverse effects on rice seedlings. Shoot height and root length were reduced by 18%–60% and 7%–69%, respectively, compared with the control, and shoot and root weight decreased by 26%–56%, and 25%, respectively, in response to progressive increases in [Cu]. Similarly, leaf chlorophyll content decreased by 150%–245% compared with the control treatment. Rice seedling roots suffered from significant increases in lipid peroxidation followed by K⁺ leakage (> 8–23 times) in response to increasing [Cu]. Averaged across [Cu], seedling growth and biomass were greater at pH 5.5 than at other pH treatments. In some instances, increasing pH minimized the adverse effects of Cu at low concentrations on rice seedlings.     

微生物有机肥结合土壤改良剂防治烟草青枯病

盆栽试验设置了五个处理:对照(T1)、施用普通有机肥(T2)、施用SQY-7号微生物有机肥(T3)、石灰处理土壤后施用SQY-7号微生物有机肥(T4)、石灰和碳铵处理土壤后施用SQY-7号微生物有机肥(T5),用DGGE和平板计数法研究了根际土壤微生物群落的多样性,旨在探讨微生物有机肥及微生物有机肥结合土壤改良剂对烟草青枯病的防治效果和对烟草根际土壤细菌群落多样性的影响.结果表明:连作土壤中,施用普通有机肥(T2)不仅不能防治烟草青枯病,还提高了烟草青枯病的病情指数,而施用微生物有机肥处理(T3、T4和T5)对烟草青枯病的防治效果达66.7％～87.9％;施用微生物有机肥可显著改变根际微生物区系结构:T2处理的根际土壤细菌和放线菌数量较T1处理略有增加,真菌数量则较T1处理增加了1.1倍;T3和T4处理的根际土壤细菌分别较T1处理增加了3.5倍和6.1倍,同时,放线菌数量分别增加了3.7倍和3.5倍,而真菌数量分别下降了66.2％和70.1％;T5处理的根际土壤细菌和放线菌数量较T1处理分别增加了13.6倍和5.1倍,真菌数量下降了75.0％;各处理的细菌群落多样性均较T1处理增加.初步研究表明,连作病害土壤用石灰和碳铵预处理后再施用SQY-7号微生物有机肥能有效防控烟草青枯病和减缓连作生物障碍,其作用机制主要通过改变微生物区系和降低病原菌数量实现.     

Effect of calcium concentration in nutrient solution before and after inoculation with Ralstonia solanacearum on resistance of tomato seedlings to bacterial wilt

We previously reported that calcium (Ca) nutrition in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) significantly affected the resistance to bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum Smith. To elucidate the mechanisms underlying the Ca-dependent resistance, the effect of the Ca concentration in the nutrient solution applied before and after inoculation with the pathogen on the resistance of tomato seedlings to bacterial wilt was studied. One week before inoculation, seedlings were transferred to nutrient solutions containing Ca at concentrations of 0.4, 4.4, or 20.4 mM. Soon after inoculation, the seedlings that were treated with each concentration of Ca before inoculation were transferred to solutions containing the same three concentrations of Ca. Although the disease development was not affected by the concentration of Ca in the solution before inoculation, a higher concentration of Ca after inoculation reduced the disease severity. This result suggests that the concentration of Ca in the host, especially in the cell walls, before infection may not be directly involved in the Ca-dependent resistance of tomato seedlings to bacterial wilt.     

茄子创新资源的耐热及抗青枯病评价研究

优良的种质资源是品种选育的重要基础。本研究的目的是明确茄子创新资源的抗性水平,培育适应华南地区高温和青枯病易发特点的新品种。本研究利用茄子苗期耐热快速鉴定和浸根接种青枯菌鉴定方法,对12份茄子创新自交系开展耐热性和抗青枯病鉴定。获得处理4天的细胞膜相对电导率和热害指数。发现8份紫红长茄中有3份为耐热(13009-4-4-3、3309-5-4-1-2和5-1-1-2-1)和2份中等耐热(3-1-2和10009-3-2-1);3份白茄中有1份耐热(10009-5-3-1-1)和1份中等耐热(10015-5-3-4-1);苗期接种6周鉴定筛选获得1份高抗(3309-5-4-1-2)、2份抗病(10009-3-2-1和3410-14-1-4-2)和1份中抗(3-1-2)青枯病材料。根据耐热和抗病鉴定结果共获得1份(3309-5-4-1-2)耐热高抗青枯病自交系,1份(10009-3-2-1)中等耐热抗青枯病,1份(3-1-2)耐热和抗青枯病均表现为中等水平。     

糜子愈伤诱导及再分化最适条件研究

研究旨在应用组织培养技术探究愈伤诱导及再分化的最适条件,以期为糜子建立遗传转化体系奠定基础。采用5个糜子品种研究愈伤诱导及再分化的最适条件。利用植物激素2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸(2,4-D)诱导茎尖愈伤组织,筛选出发芽率高、愈伤组织诱导率高、染菌率低的品种,并对诱导愈伤最适激素浓度及配比进行了鉴定。结果显示,‘冀黍2号’出芽率高、愈伤组织诱导率高、染菌率低,适宜进行组织培养;2,4-D对‘冀黍2号’愈伤诱导效果最好,最适浓度为2.5 mg/L,诱导率达86.67%,淡黄色块状,结构紧密,质地较硬,继代培养后形成的胚性愈伤组织状态更好。再分化过程中,2.5 mg/L 2,4-D+3.5 mg/L TDZ时,出现明显的嫩芽。该试验获得‘冀黍2号’愈伤诱导及再分化的最适条件,可为糜子再生体系的构建提供参考。     

大白菜营养茎长和宽的QTL定位和分析

以大白菜纯系'501'×'601'的F2:3家系为群体,对营养茎长和宽2个性状进行QTL定位和分析.结果表明,2个性状表现为连续分布,符合数量性状的遗传特征,且性状之间无显著差异.在5个连锁群共检测到7个QTL,且均以加性效应为主.控制营养茎长度的3个QTL分别位于A02、A04和A09连锁群,各QTL可解释的表型变异...     

烟草根系在青枯病菌侵染早期的蛋白组分析

烟草青枯病是一种由茄科雷尔氏菌(Ralstonia solanacearum)引起的毁灭性土传病害。为研究烟草根系在青枯菌侵染早期的抗性机理,本研究以抗青枯病品种D101为材料,对接种青枯菌3 h后的烟苗根系进行了蛋白组学分析。结果显示,与未接种的对照比较,青枯菌侵染早期的烟草根系中存在相当比例的差异表达蛋白,但蛋白表达水平的变化幅度总体上不高。在P值小于0.05和变化倍数大于1.2的标准下,筛选到63个差异表达蛋白。对这些蛋白进行基因本体(gene ontology,GO)和KEGG(Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes)路径分析发现,烟草根系对青枯菌侵染的早期抗性主要涉及具有杀菌作用的次生代谢物(如木脂素)的合成,能够杀菌和诱导系统抗性的亚磷酸盐的合成,以及活性氧毒性物质(如过氧化氢)的消除方面的生物学过程和路径。本研究结果为深入研究烟草及其它茄科植物抗青枯病的分子机制提供了有价值的线索,也可为烟草青枯病抗性分子育种提供参考。