不同修剪强度对鲁光新梢生长的影响

笔者对7年生早实核桃品种鲁光不同开张角度的枝条进行修剪试验,研究修剪强度对其枝条新梢生长的影响。结果表明,不同修剪强度均可促进开张角度45°以下枝条的新梢生长,重短截处理的新梢平均长度最大,达54.71cm;缓放处理最低,仅为24.25cm;缓放处理的新梢平均粗度仅0.99cm,远小于其它处理。对于开张角度46°以上的枝条,修剪则会抑制新梢长度的生长,尤其重短截处理会严重影响新梢生长。     

Host specificity of co‐infecting Botryosphaeriaceae on ornamental and forest trees in the Western Balkans

The Botryosphaeriaceae is a diverse family of endophytes and fungal pathogens of mainly woody plants. We considered the host range and distribution of these fungi by sampling diseased ornamental and forest trees and shrubs in Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, spanning a Mediterranean and a Continental climatic region. In total, ten Botryosphaeriaceae species were identified in the Western Balkans and with the exception of Sphaeropsis visci and Phaeobotryon cupressi, which occurred on one host, all the species had a broader host range. Phaeobotryon cupressi was found only in the Mediterranean region and S. visci, Dothiorella sp., Dothiorella sarmentorum and Diplodia seriata were present only in the Continental region. Pathogenicity tests were conducted on a variety of hosts from which the Botryosphaeriaceae species were isolated. These included leaves and/or stems of seedlings of 21 hosts, and cut leaves and/or branches of six hosts. Moreover, stems of seedlings of Chamaecyparis lawsoniana, Cedrus deodara, Picea omorika, Pinus patula and Eucalyptus grandis were inoculated as hosts from which some or all of the Botryosphaeriaceae species used for inoculation were not isolated. Inoculations showed that the majority of these fungi could also co‐infect hosts other than those from which they were isolated. The results suggest that most of the species have broad host ranges and can potentially cause disease on a broad range of tree species under certain conditions.     

毛竹春笋生长与笋芽地下分布深度的关系研究

为探讨毛竹春笋生长状况与笋芽地下分布深度的关系,对山地毛竹林进行调查分析。结果显示：笋芽地下分布的土层深度对出笋直径有显著影响,笋芽分布越深,出笋直径越大;分布在10~20 cm深土层的笋芽出笋数量最多;分布在土层深20 cm以上的笋芽长出的笋最易出笋成竹,而分布在0~10 cm浅层土壤的笋芽最容易退笋。因此,在毛竹林经营中,应探索引导笋芽向深层土壤分布的技术措施,以实现多出笋、出大笋的生产目标。     

斑苦竹笋的营养成分分析及其评价

对斑苦竹(Arundinaria oleosa)笋的营养成分进行了分析,结果显示:斑苦竹笋中的蛋白质含量高达44.83%,在几种常见的竹笋中含量最高;脂肪含量为3.43%,低于常食竹笋;含有丰富的矿质元素,其中磷含量最高(6 853.50 mg/kg),其次为镁和钙,分别为2 009.14 mg/kg和1 029.25 mg/kg;斑苦竹笋中含有18种氨基酸,总量为384.1 mg/g,其中人体必需氨基酸8种,占氨基酸总量的36.35%。采用氨基酸比值系数法对斑苦竹笋中的蛋白质营养价值进行了评价,氨基酸比值系数分为74.84,其营养价值优于常见蔬菜。     

梨枣组织培养的研究

从梨刺茎段培养直接诱导了不定芽,并形成了完整的试管苗。试验表明,在MS+ZT1.75mg·L-1+KT2.0mg·L-1培养基中,梨枣茎段可以分化不定芽,低含量的NAA和AgNO3可以促进不定芽的形成。在MS+ZT1.75mg·L-1+KT2.0mg·L-1+NAA0.05mg·L-1+AgNO32.0mg·L-1培养基中,芽的增殖系数最高,达到2.25倍。在1/2MS+IBA0.08mg·L-1培养基上,试管苗的生根率达到95.0%。     

国外优良材用竹种阿帕斯竹引种栽培试验

阿帕斯竹出笋期5月中旬～10月中旬,7月上旬～8月中旬为出笋盛期;单株埋秆育苗的出笋数、成竹数分别是单株埋蔸育苗的3.9倍、3.8倍,而新竹径级较埋蔸的下降43.5%,两种育苗方法可结合应用;竹丛结构调控可显著提高竹丛出笋数(21.9%)和新竹地径(84.1%),退笋率降低36.9%;综合出笋成竹数、新竹地径的季节性施肥效果,以6月最佳,其次为3月。     

Introduction of ponderosa pine and Douglas-fir to Argentina

Patterns of shoot elongation of 2-yr seedlings from native North American populations of ponderosa pine and Douglas-fir were compared to those of Argentine land races originating from unknown provenances. The comparisons were conducted in Moscow, Idaho (USA), and suggested that the ponderosa pine land race was descended from a California provenance at low or middle elevations but that the growth potential of the land race was only mediocre in comparison to eight native populations. The Douglas-fir land race exhibited a relatively high growth potential in comparison to 19 native provenances and undoubtedly originated from a mild coastal environment. The results provide concrete recommendations for upgrading the growth potential of the Argentine land races by importing germ plasm of specific provenances.     

榕属树种的扦插生根试验

对黄叶榕,花叶垂叶榕,垂叶榕和黄叶垂叶榕４年榕属树种进行扦插生根试验,结果表明;扦插所用的材料,处理的方法和扦插时间不同,其平均生根率也不同。这４个树种的扦插最好在秋季进行,选用经黄化处理的当年生半木质化枝条作插穗,其基部蘸生根粉后扦插,可提高生根率,缩短生根时间。     

红壳竹笋用林土壤管理的研究

采用正交试验设计方法,以竹笋的产量和地径为指标,对红壳竹笋用林施有机肥、加客土、深翻松土、除草等措施进行对比研究。结果表明,施有机肥60～75t／hm^2,每年加客土3cm,每年深翻1次并除草2次的竹林经济效益最好,且成本相对较低,     

榉树茎尖的培养

选用成年榉树 Schneideriana 的当年生嫩枝作为外植体,经常规消毒后,接种于附加不同质量浓度的激素BA、NAA、2,4-D的MS培养基上,诱导茎尖萌芽.结果表明:诱导芽萌发的最适宜的培养基为MS BA( 1.0 mg·L-1),继代培养后,在每个芽的基部又可长出3～7个小芽;小芽在MS BA(0.5 mg·L-1) CH(500 mg·L-1)培养基上培养30～40 d,即可长成小植株;在 1/2MS IBA(0.5 mg·L-1)的生根培养基上培养3～4周后可形成正常植株.