生长调节剂对‘砀山酥梨’脱萼果率和果实品质及新梢生长的影响

以‘砀山酥梨’为试材,于盛花期喷施不同浓度的保花保果剂(PBO)、多效唑(PP333)、氟硅唑(Flusilazole),研究生长调节剂对‘砀山酥梨’脱萼果率、果实品质和新梢生长的影响。结果表明:高浓度PBO、PP333虽能提高‘砀山酥梨’脱萼果率、果实固形物与可溶性糖含量,降低了有机酸含量,但使果实石细胞明显增多、硬度增加、果点增大。2 500 mg.L-1 PP333、2 000 mg.L-1 PBO处理果实石细胞含量分别为1.52%和1.47%;果肉硬度分别为6.34和6.36 kg.cm-2;果点直径分别为1.97和1.87 mm,均显著高于喷施清水对照。PBO和Flusilazole对果实品质和新梢生长影响较PP333小,花期喷施其适宜浓度为200 mg.L-1和100 mL.L-1。2 500 mg.L-1 PP333处理果点明显增大,超微结构观察表明,PP333处理使细胞排列紧凑、细胞壁变薄、木栓化程度提高,且表皮裂痕增大。     

药用植物灯盏花组织培养体系的建立

以灯盏花(Erigeron breviscapus)叶片为外植体,比较不同激素及其浓度对愈伤组织的诱导与分化、继代增殖、生根的影响.结果表明:诱导愈伤组织最佳的培养基是MS+KT 0.5 mg/L+2,4-D 10 mg/L和MS+2,4-D0.5 mg/L+6 BA 0.5 mg/L,诱导率为100%.二者相比,前者长出的愈伤组织较为紧密,而后者松散性好.MS+6 BA 0.5 mg/L+10%香蕉汁是诱导芽最佳的培养基,达87%;加入0.3 mg/L NAA的1/2MS培养基对生根较为有利,达83%.     

张溪香芋茎尖组培快繁技术研究

以张溪香芋茎尖为材料,研究不同外源激素对香芋组培苗的诱导培养、增殖培养、生根培养的影响,以及不同炼苗移栽基质对香芋组培苗的影响,以期建立一套完整的张溪香芋组培快繁技术体系.结果表明,外植体消毒以0.1％HgCl2(加2滴吐温-20)5～6 min消毒效果最好;较适宜张溪香芋茎尖诱导分化的培养基是MS+6-BA 2.0 mg/L+NAA 0.2 mg/L,增殖培养基是MS+6-BA 2.0 mg/L+NAA 0.15 mg/L、增殖倍数达5.3,生根培养基是1/2MS+IBA 0.20 mg/L+NAA 0.20 mg/L,炼苗移栽基质以草炭∶蛭石∶珍珠岩=4∶1∶1为最佳.     

菜用紫云英品种嫩梢产量、营养品质及卫生质量分析

为评价紫云英嫩梢菜用价值,开展紫云英品种田间试验以及产量品质、卫生质量分析。结果表明,菜用紫云英品种嫩梢产量表现为:中花型>早花偏迟>早花型,产量与品种现蕾期、初花期、株高、径粗等均呈极显著正相关,相关度为鲜草产量>初花期>株高>径粗>现蕾期;紫云英嫩梢维生素C、Cu、Mn比豌豆苗、绿豆芽、空心菜高,尤其是维生素C含量高达61.7mg.hg-1,有毒有害物质含量均符合国家标准,食用卫生安全,可作为特色蔬菜利用。     

梅县苦笋竹资源产业化开发探讨

文章概述了梅县的苦笋竹资源情况,同时介绍了苦竹笋的栽培管理技术、开发利用现状,并在此基础上提出相应的开发利用措施。     

糖醋麻竹笋加工工艺的研究

以竹笋为原料,研究一种新型绿色产品糖醋麻竹笋的加工工艺。采用正交试验辅以感官评分确定影响产品质量的关键工艺脱涩、保脆和最佳配方。研究结果表明,最佳脱涩工艺为0.1%柠檬酸处理10 min;最佳保脆工艺为0.2%CaCl2溶液浸泡30 min;糖醋麻竹笋的最佳配方为酸用量35%,蒜用量5%,盐用量3%,糖用量22%。采用此工艺条件,可得到笋肉黄白、汤汁澄清、酸甜可口、蒜香宜人并具有麻竹笋天然味道的糖醋麻竹笋产品,食用方便,市场前景广阔。     

不同播期对大豆根瘤及地上部形态特征的影响

采用单因素随机区组设计,研究了不同播期大豆在苗期、开花期、结荚期、鼓粒期、成熟期的根瘤及地上部形态特征变化.结果表明,随着播期的推迟,根瘤数逐渐减少;苗期主根根瘤数多于侧根发生根瘤数,从开花期开始侧根根瘤数明显多于主根根瘤数;苗期主要发生小根瘤,从开花期开始大根瘤数明显多于小根瘤数.随着播期的推迟,株高、茎粗、主茎出叶数、分枝数、豆荚数均呈下降趋势.     

青贮笋壳对奶牛生产性能及部分血清生化指标的影响

为研究青贮笋壳在奶牛生产中的应用效果，试验选用15头健康荷斯坦奶牛随机分成3组，即对照组、试验1组（6 kg青贮笋壳替代对照组日粮中1.5 kg的苜蓿干草）和试验2组（9 kg青贮笋壳替代对照组日粮中2.5 kg的苜蓿干草），进行为期60 d的饲养试验，其中预饲期10 d，正式期50 d。试验结果表明，试验1组产奶量较对照组和试验2组有所提高，但差异不显著（P＞0.05），试验1组4%标准奶产量则显著高于试验2组和对照组（P＜0.05）。试验1组乳脂率显著高于试验2组和对照组（P＜0.05），其他乳成分含量各试验组均较对照组有所改善（P＞0.05）。奶牛各项血清生化指标试验组和对照组间无显著差异，均处于正常生理范围。因此，青贮笋壳可以替代部分苜蓿干草在奶牛日粮中使用。     

A viability study of Fallopia japonica stem tissue

Vegetative regeneration of intact and split nodes of Fallopia japonica (Houtt.) Ronse Decraene was the focus of this greenhouse experiment. Stem material, collected in May, July and September 1997, was cut into 40-mm-long sections and incubated on the surface of moist compost in a greenhouse. All samples showed some regrowth of buds and new shoots from both intact and split nodes in any season. A maximum number of 0.25 buds per intact node was recorded after 6 days in a spring experiment. The vegetative regrowth of shoots generally appeared after 1 week and increased over time with a maximum mean height of 77 mm after 27 days and a maximum number of 0.39 shoots per intact node after 13 days. Adventitious roots developed from both intact and split nodes during both summer and autumn experiments. From this study, a maximum of 90 stem tissue propagules per square metre of F. japonica stand has been estimated. If the plant is cut as part of a control programme, these propagules can produce shoots with growth rates of up to 2.9 mm per day with a good chance of the development of adventitious roots. This considerable potential for vegetative regeneration of stem tissue shows a clear need for guidelines on the safe management and disposal of F. japonica plant material.     

Absorption and fate of imazapyr in leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula)

Imazapyr absorption, translocation, root release and metabolism were examined in leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.). Leafy spurge plants were propagated from root cuttings and [¹⁴C]imazapyr was applied to growth-chambergrown plants in a water + 28% urea ammonium nitrate + nonionic surfactant solution (98.75 + 1 + 0.25 by volume). Plants were harvested two and eight days after herbicide treatment (DAT) and divided into: treated leaf, stem and leaves above treated leaf, stem and leaves below the treated leaf, crown, root, dormant and elongated adventitious shoot buds. Imazapyr absorption increased from 62.5% 2 DAT to 80.0% 8 DAT. Herbicide translocation out of the treated leaf and accumulation in roots and adventitious shoot buds was apparent 2 DAT. By the end of the eight-day translocation period only 14% of applied ¹⁴C remained in the treated leaf, while 17% had translocated into the root system. Elongated and dormant adventitious shoot buds accumulated 3.2- and 1.8-fold more ¹⁴C, respectively, 8 DAT than did root tissue based on Bq g^?1 dry weight. Root release of ¹⁴C was evident 2 DAT, and by 8 DAT 19.4% of the ¹⁴C reaching the root system was released into the rooting medium. There was no metabolism of imazapyr in crown, root or adventitious shoot buds 2 DAT; however, imazapyr metabolism was evident in the treated leaf 2 and 8 DAT. Imazapyr phytotoxicity to leafy spurge appears to result from high imazapyr absorption, translocation to underground meristematic areas (roots and adventitious shoot buds), and a slow rate of metabolism.