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11.
选择车流量大,且绿化良好的北京西北四环六郎庄段为试验地,在早高峰时段采集距公路0,16,36 m处的空气样品,利用ATD-GC/MS(自动热脱附—气相色谱/质谱联用)技术对空气中的苯系物和氯代烷烃进行分析.结果表明,与没有绿化带的对照地相比,随着距离的增加空气中的苯系物和氯代烷烃的种类和含量降低的程度更为明显,而空气中萜烯化合物含量表现出相反的趋势,随距离增加迅速升高,说明绿化带植物通过吸收污染物,并释放萜烯等挥发物改变空气组成,对机动车尾气排放所造成的空气污染起到净化作用. 相似文献
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光催化降解汽车尾气路面喷洒机的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
根据光催化降解汽车尾气材料的喷洒要求及喷洒时所需的工作特点,结合我国实际的道路状况,研究设计光催化降解汽车尾气路面喷洒机。介绍喷洒机的结构组成及工作原理,对喷洒机的主要结构进行设计。该喷洒系统可利用牵引设备的动力或自载蓄电池来驱动直流电机液泵,取代传统的小型汽油机或柴油机,使该机工作时具备环保、低噪声和低振动等诸多优点。对喷洒机的试验方法进行研究,确定试验时的施工工艺,通过试验验证喷洒机的工作效果良好。 相似文献
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通过行车试验,验证不同路况对行车过程中汽车排气管滴水量的影响,计算比较普通汽油与乙醇汽油燃烧理论生成水量。通过排气温度试验对排气管内各部分温度进行测量,并分析排气管结构对排气温度的影响。结果表明:这种结构的存在和气固之间的热传导现象使气体温度急剧下降,加之冬季外界环境温度低,更加剧了气体温度下降的程度。当高温气体在排气管内某部位温度降至100℃以下时,部分水蒸气会冷凝成水滴附在排气管内壁上,随气体流动排出车外。 相似文献
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Lu Zhou Xu Chen Peng-Xiang Duan Ding Wang Zhi-Tao Wang Ke-Xiong Wang 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2021,31(4):964-978
- Yangtze finless porpoise (YFP) is Critically Endangered, It relies on its biological sonar sensing system for important life activities. The rapid development of the Yangtze valley has brought busy shipping, which has resulted in increased noise.
- Two locations on the shipping channel and non-shipping branch were selected. Passive acoustic monitoring was used to record the biosonar signals of porpoises and underwater noise. The number of click trains, echolocation encounters, buzzes and buzz ratios were counted and the root mean square sound pressure level of noise was calculated in five diel phases.
- A non-parametric test was used to analyse the differences among different phases and between different locations. The aim of the study was to detect the spatial and temporal variations in the biosonar activity of YFPs and underwater noise between non-shipping and shipping channels, and to provide scientific advice for YFP conservation.
- Significant spatial and temporal patterns were observed both in biosonar activity and noise. Average biosonar activity, including click trains, buzzes, buzz ratio and echolocation encounters, was higher in the non-shipping channel than in the shipping channel, whereas the noise level was higher in the shipping channel than in the non-shipping channel.
- In the non-shipping channel, the buzz numbers and buzz ratios, indicators of porpoise feeding activity, were higher at night than during the day while the noise level was higher during the day than at night.
- These findings may be associated with the noise avoidance strategies of YFPs to adapt to the busy shipping on the Yangtze River. Maintaining the non-shipping status of some branches of the Yangtze River can provide more shelters for the YFPs. Strengthening the measures for banning navigation at night or reducing the vessel speed at night throughout the entire year would improve the YFPs’ feeding success.
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- The most western little penguin colony globally, and the most northern in Western Australia (WA) is found on Penguin Island, WA. The penguins use coastal bays that are also used extensively by recreational watercraft. These penguins have been found to either dive predominantly to shallow depths of 1–5 m or to depths >8 m. It is thus hypothesized that (a) both the shallow and deeper diving penguins can potentially be disturbed or injured by these watercraft but that the risk will differ between the two diving strategies, and (b) that risk of injury for both is greater during the summer and autumn, when people are more likely to use watercraft.
- This was tested by attaching data loggers to little penguins during chick rearing and by investigating necropsy records. Diving activity was studied for the very shallow and relatively deeper diving penguins separately, and we considered the penguins were vulnerable to interactions with watercraft when they were within the top 2 m of the water column or at the surface.
- Shallow‐diving penguins executed >1,200 dives per day, 64% of dives occurred within the top 2 m, and they were vulnerable for approximately two‐thirds of their time at sea. The deeper diving penguins executed fewer dives. Almost half of dives were to ≥10 m, yet they were vulnerable for almost one‐third of their time at sea. Their post‐dive recovery was also longer. Thus, the risk of interaction from watercraft differs depending on the diving behaviour.
- This study highlights the potential impact to little penguins throughout Australia and New Zealand.
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基于废气成分分析和支持向量机的发动机故障诊断 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为了实现发动机故障的快速实时诊断,提出了一种基于废气成分分析和支持向量机的发动机故障诊断方法。该方法首先运用NHA500废气分析仪采集发动机典型故障状态下的HC、CO、CO2、O2、NOX等废气参数值,接着对采集到的数据进行规范化处理,提取特征向量作为学习样本,然后用于设计训练基于支持向量机的多元分类器,进行故障类型识别。试验结果表明,采用纠错编码的支持向量机分类方法比神经网络具有更好的抗干扰性和更强的分类能力,在小样本的情况下故障诊断正确率达98.5%,能有效描述废气成分变化和故障状态之间的复杂关系。 相似文献