番茄不同生育期遮荫对其干物质分布、产量及叶片养分含量的影响

Pot-grown tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Maofen) was used to study the effects of three shading levels (0, 75% and 40%) for 8 days on dry matter partitioning, contents of nitrogen (N),phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) in leaves and yield at three growth stages (early flowering (EF), peak flowering (PF) and later flowering (LF)). Shading reduced the dry weight of root and stem tissues at the EF and PF stages, but the 40% shading increased root dry weight and stem dry weight by 43.2% and 21.6%,respectively, at the LF stage. The influence of shading on the dry weight of leaves was very small at most growth stages. Shading had no effects on total leaf N, P and K contents at the EF and PF stages, showing that N, P and K absorption were regulated by the carbon assimilation at these two stages. The leaf N, Pand K contents of 40% shaded plants at the LF stage were significantly increased. There were no obvious differences in leaf N and K contents between 75% and 40% shading treatments, but significant difference in leaf P contents was found between them at the LF stage. Shading significantly enhanced the friit yield of 40% shaded tomato plants at the LF stage, but failed to affect the fruit yield of shaded plants at the EF stage. These showed that tomato could grow well and a better yield could be obtained if some moderate shading (i.e., 40% shading) was applied at the LF stage at s, mmer midday.     

花后持续遮光15d对香稻产量、品质和香气的影响

【目的】探明花后持续遮光15 d对香稻产量、品质和香气特征物质2-乙酰-1-吡咯啉(2-AP)的影响.【方法】以常规香稻品种玉香油占和农香18为材料,进行大田对比试验,设置花后持续遮光15 d处理和正常光照处理,测定了香稻产量、品质和2-乙酰-1-吡咯啉(2-AP)含量等指标.【结果和结论】与正常光照处理相比,花后持续遮光15 d显著提高了籽粒2-AP含量和蛋白质含量,但千粒质量、结实率和产量以及整精米率均显著降低.花后持续遮光15d可以提高香稻香气但会降低产量,对稻米其他品质性状的影响因品种而异.     

遮阴对草地早熟禾和紫羊茅种子萌发特性的影响

以冷季型草坪草草地早熟禾(Poa pratensis)的优异(Merit)、新哥来德(NuGlade)和肯塔基(K.B.G)3个品种和紫羊茅(Festuca rubra)的两个品种宝瑞(Boreal)和梦神(Rubra), 共5个品种草坪草为研究对象, 在人工遮阴控制下, 对其耐阴性进行了比较, 试验设置的遮阴处理分别是遮阴度22%、45%、66%、83%, 以不遮阴的全光照为对照(CK)。结果表明, 遮阴显著提高了各试验品种种子发芽率、发芽势(P＜0.05), 并且随遮阴度增加而增加;胚根长随遮阴增加而减小, 而胚芽长度随遮阴增加而增长。     

夏秋季茶园覆盖遮荫比较试验

夏秋季茶园采用黑色尼龙遮阳网遮荫与不遮荫对照相比,茶多酚含量明显降低,而氨基酸含量增加,酚氨比值下降,叶绿素含量增加。选用40％、50%、65％、75％遮光度的遮荫比较试验,叶绿素含量基本上是随遮光度增加而呈上升的趋势;茶多酚含量以75％遮光度下降较多,氨基酸含量以50％遮光度增加较多,酚氨比值以75％遮光度最低,其次为50％遮光度。     

圣诞树组培苗移植试验

运用正交试验的方法研究不同炼苗时间、遮阳网遮光率、基质以及不同移植月份对圣诞树组培苗移植效果的影响.结果表明,炼苗时间为10 d、遮阳网遮光率为70%、基质为泥炭土:黄心土(2∶1)、移植月份为4月的处理圣诞树移植效果最好,成活率可达97.2%,苗高达11.1 cm.     

武汉地区三角梅遮光催花试验研究

本试验以1～3 a生的三角梅盆花为试材,以遮光处理为研究手段进行武汉地区三角梅花期调控试验探索,结果表明:在20～30℃的温度条件下,用栽培地布对三角梅进行连续遮光处理20 d,能完成稳定的花芽分化,继续遮光25 d可开花,并在此期间将腐熟的有机肥上清液稀释10倍灌根代替浇水能有效促进三角梅开花。     

Rehabilitating Abandoned Pastures in Panama: Control of the Invasive Exotic Grass,Saccharum spontaneum L., Using Artificial Shade Treatments

ABSTRACT

The exotic grass, Saccharum spontaneum L., has invaded abandoned agricultural lands in the Panama Canal Watershed for decades. The grass aggressively competes with regenerating tree seedlings preventing natural forest regeneration. To estimate effectual light level for controlling the grass, the growth of S. spontaneum was measured under a range of artificial shading conditions. Five shade treatment subplots–light intensities of 100% (full sunlight), 50, 25, 15, and 5%–were established at each of eight plots in land adjacent to the Panama Canal Watershed. Each site was cleared of S. spontaneum and then the regrowth was harvested. The regrowth of the grass was harvested and measured four times every one and half months for six months. The biomass of S. spontaneum was significantly less in lower light conditions than in full sunlight. The results showed that comparing growth of the grass at each harvest date, except for the first harvest date, there were significant differences between full sunlight and light intensities of 5, 15 and 25%. When compared by different harvest dates for each light level, only full sunlight showed a significant difference in biomass of the grass. The study demonstrates that shading is an effective method for controlling S. spontaneum. The results can be applied to developing reforestation strategies for abandoned lands occupied by S. spontaneum.     

Response of Osmotic Regulation Substance Content and Protective Enzyme Activities to Shading in Leaves of Different Rice Genotypes

Effects of shading at the flowering and grain filling stages on osmotic regulation substance content and protective enzyme activities in the leaves of different rice genotypes (e.g.,IIyou 498,Gangyou 188,Dexiang 4103,Gangyou 527 and Chuanxiang 9838) were investigated.The results showed that the malondialdehyde content of Gangyou 188 significantly increased under shading,whereas those of IIyou 498,Dexiang 4103,Gangyou 527 and Chuanxiang 9838 showed no significant differences compared to the control.The soluble sugar content significantly decreased in IIyou 498,Gangyou 188,Dexiang 4103 and Chuanxiang 9838,whereas it did not significantly increase in Gangyou 527 under the weak light conditions (shading).Moreover,the soluble protein content in the leaves of different genotypes tended to decrease under shading.Further,the protective enzyme activities in the leaves varied in different rice genotypes under the shading treatment.Based on the osmotic regulation substance content and the protective enzyme activities in the leaves of different rice genotypes,it was concluded that Gangyou 188 and Gangyou 527 had strong abilities to adapt to the low light conditions.In addition,the mechanism of damage to rice leaves in different genotypes under shading was discussed.     

烟株砍收遮光水养对东北烤烟低温减灾的成效

为破解东北烟区烤烟生长后期低温影响烟叶采收的障碍,提高烟叶质量,尝试将低温灾害风险预警等级划分成正常、低风险、中风险、高风险,在中风险和高风险临近时(前2 d),采取对烟株砍收遮光水养采烤的措施,分析其对烤后烟叶的经济性状、外观质量、化学成分含量及感官质量的影响。结果表明：当预警等级为中风险以下时,烟株砍收遮光水养采烤处理,烤坏烟损失率较常规采烤降低8.5%,总损失率降低12.6%,烟叶外观质量评价总分可提高0.06分,但外观和感官质量改善不明显;当预警等级为高风险时,烟株砍收遮光水养采烤处理,烤坏烟损失率降低55.1%,总损失率降低70.2%,上等烟和中等烟比例显著提高78.7%、57.2%,外观质量评价总分显著提高了0.58分,两糖比、糖碱比较高,改善了化学成分的协调性及感官质量。建议当低温灾害风险预警等级为中风险及以下时,对田间未达成熟标准的烟叶,采用常规采烤方法;当高风险临近时,则采用烟株砍收遮光水养采烤方法,以达到减灾保收的目的。     

Predicting survival of planted Douglas-fir and ponderosa pine seedlings on dry,low-elevation sites in southwestern Oregon

Four equations were developed for predicting the probability of Douglas-fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco] and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.) survival for the first (0–1) and first to third (1–3) growing seasons after applying mulching, scalping, or artificial shading (shade cards) treatments in plantations in southwestern Oregon, U.S.A. Variables describing conifer size, levels of competing vegetation, presence of silvicultural treatments, site factors, and climate factors were collected from 13 sites ranging from 0 to 6 years after planting and examined as potential predictors of survival. Age, stem diameter, a competition index for shrubs, severity of growing season at time of treatment, average annual precipitation, aspect, and slope angle were predictors of Douglas-fir survival during 0–1 and 1–3 growing seasons after treatment; the presence of silvicultural treatments was also a predictor only during the first growing season after treatment. Age, aspect, and slope angle were predictors of ponderosa pine survival over both 0–1 and 1–3 growing seasons after treatment; height-diameter ratio, competition indices for herbs, shrubs, and hardwoods, silvicultural treatment, severity of growing season at time of treatment, and average annual precipitation were also predictors only during the first growing season after treatment; crown width was a predictor of survival only during 1–3 growing seasons after treatment. When significant in the models, predicted probability of survival increases with treatments, less severe weather conditions, diameter, crown width, age, and precipitation; probability decreases with increasing height-diameter ratio and competition indices for herbs, shrubs, and hardwoods.