高浓度城市污水处理正交试验研究

针对新疆石河子市城市污水CODcr高于1000mg／L的特点，采用SBR工艺进行处理试验，并用正交试验的方法对最佳工艺条件进行了探讨。试验表明，该工艺对高浓度城市污水有较好的处理效果。通过控制运行条件，可使出水各项指标分别满足污水综合排放标准和农业灌溉的要求。     

黑龙江省奶牛小区建设生产关键环节的探讨

随着奶牛养殖业的快速、持续发展,饲料浪费、环境污染和奶牛疫病等问题日益突出,加快推进畜牧业生产方式转变已成为人们的共识.各地在转变生产方式的实践中总结出了很多行之有效的方法,其中养殖小区就是比较普遍的一种.为此,对黑龙江省奶牛小区的建设、生产中的关键环节及关键技术进行了深入细致的分析和阐述,旨在为黑龙江省奶牛养殖小区的规划设计、建设施工和生产运行提供理论依据.     

生活污水厌氧消化出水后处理技术研究进展

本文综述了生活污水厌氧消化系统相关后处理技术的技术特点和研究进展,着重分析了好氧处理、稳定塘处理及土地处理三种后处理技术方法,简要介绍了户用一体化装置的研究及应用状况。     

沈阳北部污水处理厂污泥土地利用可行性研究

采用污泥田间小区试验及污泥渗漏试验的方法,开展了沈阳北部污水处理厂污泥土地利用可行性研究.结果表明,沈阳北部污水处理厂污泥中N、P、K养分含量丰富,污泥中的Cd元素是污泥土地利用的主要限制因素.通过污泥土地利用限制因素法,确定了沈阳北部污水处理厂污泥总施用量为45 t·hm^-2.污泥渗漏、田间试验结果表明,只要污泥总施用量控制在45 t·hm^-2,NO3-N不会对地下水构成污染危害,土壤中的重金属含量也不会超过二级土壤环境质量标准,污泥可安全地进行土地利用.     

Fractional Distribution of Lead and Cadmium in Sludge and Soil Amended with Sludge Compost

Sludge is produced wherever sewage purification takes place. The amount of municipal dry sludge in China is more than 5.0×106 t per year. There are lots of soil nutrients, such as nitrogen, phosphorus and or- ganic matters contained in sludge, but heavy …     

Contribution of sewage sludge to erosion control in the rehabilitation of limestone quarries

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of high doses of municipal sludge on soil aggregation and to assess its value for soil erosion reduction, both under natural and in simulated rainfall conditions. Doses of 200 and 400 Mg ha⁻¹ sewage sludge (dry weight) were applied to the soil of experimental plots situated on a 28 degree slope. Two sludge application procedures were tested: pre-mixing into the soil before disposal on the slope, and direct application on the soil surface. Sheet erosion was measured by collecting the sediment carried down to a Gerlach trough situated at the base of the plots. Simulated rainfall, with an intensity of 64 mm h⁻¹, was applied to evaluate soil erodibility. When the soil had no vegetation, the erosion measured on plots treated with sludge represented less than 10 per cent of the erosion from the control plot. Even when the vegetation was well developed, the erosion was also lower in the plots where sludge had been applied. In simulated rainfall, the soil loss was inversely proportional to the sludge dose, and when sludge was applied directly on the soil surface the erosion rates and particle mobilization caused by raindrop impact were minimal. Sludge amendments increase infiltration rates and improve soil structure, increasing the mean weight diameter of aggregates and their water resistance.     

果实生长期用MeJA处理对‘红贵妃’芒果货架品质的影响

我国芒果产区因缺乏采后处理条件,致使芒果在货架期品质劣变严重。本文研究了在果实生长期喷施茉莉酸甲酯（MeJA）对‘红贵妃’芒果采后品质的影响。结果表明：与对照相比,5 mg/L的MeJA处理显著降低了芒果货架期的病情指数和发病率、延缓了果皮转黄、提高了果肉的TSS和Vc含量、降低了TA含量,使芒果在货架期保持较好的外观和营养品质。同时,MeJA处理抑制了采后炭疽病的发生,在货架前期降低了CAT和POD活性,提高了总酚、总黄酮、H2O2含量,在货架后期提高了CAT和POD活性,降低了H2O2含量。本研究表明,生长期MeJA处理使芒果保持较好货架期品质与其增强果实在货架期的抗病性有关。     

台湾甜脆桃蛀果害虫的危害特点及综合治理

介绍了台湾甜脆桃3种主要蛀果害虫桃蛀螟、梨小食心虫、桔小实蝇的生物学特性及危害特点,并提出了综合治理措施,为桃果的安全生产提供科学的参考依据。     

南方早熟砂梨缺镁黄叶症诊断与矫治

通过对福建省德化县早熟砂梨“黄叶病株”及“正常植株”叶片及土壤的营养诊断分析：黄叶病株叶片平均含镁量0.131%,极显著低于正常植株0.328%;黄叶症较重的果园土壤交换态镁含量低12.6～24.5㎎/㎏及土壤酸性强pH3.6～4.5,诊断结论砂梨叶片黄化现象为镁素缺乏所致。矫治试验效果,叶面喷施1%硝酸镁3次,可以叶色转绿;12月份土壤基施钙镁磷肥株1.3 kg,翌年5月份后有明显矫治效果。     

超声波提取柚皮中黄酮类化合物的工艺研究

应用超声波技术,以柚皮为原料提取黄酮类化合物,探讨超声波的提取时间、乙醇浓度、料液比、pH值等因素对其总黄酮得率的影响。通过正交试验,结果表明:乙醇浓度为90%,料液比为1∶20,在pH为8的条件下提取100min的工艺条件较好。