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101.
摘要:为了明确红阳猕猴桃褐斑病主要病原菌及适宜的防治药剂,采集贵州省水城区红阳猕猴桃褐斑病的标样,通过组织分离、纯化,致病性检测,形态学观察,分子检测及系统发育分析确定病原菌种类,并采用菌丝生长速率法测定6种药剂对该病原菌生长的抑菌效果。结果显示:分离纯化得到的病原菌的形态特[收稿日期:
基金项目:贵州省科研机构创新能力建设项目(黔科合服企[2019]4004);贵州科学院青年基金(黔科院J字[2021]21号);贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合支撑[2021]一般234)
作者简介:苏文文(1992-),女,河南灵宝人,硕士,主要从事植物病理学研究。E-mail:275272042@qq.com;*为通讯作者:李苇洁,女,研究员,硕士,主要从事猕猴桃栽培和育种研究,E-mail:lwj024333@163.com]征与多主棒孢菌(Corynespora cassiicola)形态特征相似,将分离菌株rDNA–ITS序列与GenBank中相关菌株的ITS序列进行同源性比对,发现该菌株与黄瓜多主棒孢霉菌的相似性达到96%以上。室内药剂筛选结果表明:50%多菌灵可湿性粉剂对病原菌的抑制效果最好,最低浓度可抑制菌丝生长,其次为40%戊唑醇悬浮剂、80%乙蒜素乳油、30%吡唑嘧菌酯乳油和80%代森锰锌可湿性粉剂的抑菌效果较好,EC50分别为0.0002 mg/L、 0.0743 mg/L、0.0871 mg/L和0.5025mg/L。红阳猕猴桃褐斑病主要由多主棒孢菌(Corynespora cassiicola)侵染引起,以上5种药剂均可作为防治红阳猕猴桃褐斑病的有效药剂。 相似文献
102.
海岸风口基干林带修复除木麻黄(Casuarina equisetifolia)外尚无可替代树种,选择抗性优良的木麻黄品系是基干林带修复的关键环节.通过对"惠-1"木麻黄、圆头木麻黄、千头木麻黄、铺地木麻黄等4个品系进行造林和抗风试验,比较几个品系在风口最前沿、近风口的生长和抗风表现,结果表明:风口基干林带修复采用"惠 ... 相似文献
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Many rice-growing areas are affected by high concentrations of arsenic(As). Rice varieties that prevent As uptake and/or accumulation can mitigate As threats to human health. Genomic selection is known to facilitate rapid selection of superior genotypes for complex traits. We explored the predictive ability(PA) of genomic prediction with single-environment models, accounting or not for trait-specific markers, multi-environment models, and multi-trait and multi-environment models, using the genotypic(1600 K SNPs) and phenotypic(grain As content, grain yield and days to flowering) data of the Bengal and Assam Aus Panel. Under the base-line single-environment model, PA of up to 0.707 and 0.654 was obtained for grain yield and grain As content, respectively; the three prediction methods(Bayesian Lasso, genomic best linear unbiased prediction and reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces) were considered to perform similarly, and marker selection based on linkage disequilibrium allowed to reduce the number of SNP to 17 K, without negative effect on PA of genomic predictions. Single-environment models giving distinct weight to trait-specific markers in the genomic relationship matrix outperformed the base-line models up to 32%. Multi-environment models, accounting for genotype × environment interactions, and multi-trait and multi-environment models outperformed the base-line models by up to 47% and 61%, respectively. Among the multi-trait and multi-environment models, the Bayesian multi-output regressor stacking function obtained the highest predictive ability(0.831 for grain As) with much higher efficiency for computing time. These findings pave the way for breeding for As-tolerance in the progenies of biparental crosses involving members of the Bengal and Assam Aus Panel. Genomic prediction can also be applied to breeding for other complex traits under multiple environments. 相似文献
105.
在当前智慧农业的大环境下,农作物生长过程的识别与监控问题一直是一项具有挑战性的任务,基于此提出一种基于物联网的远程温室视觉监控系统,系统通过LoRa无线通信技术监测温室内的温湿度、光照强度等环境参数,能够及时监测到农作物的生长状况,并实现自动通风、自动补光等功能。在PC端的Qt上位机实时监测温室内的环境信息并控制环境参数,通过OV9726摄像头对农作物进行监测,所获得的生长状态信息传输到S3C6410集中控制模块进行处理,结合克隆选择算法和朴素贝叶斯分类器对叶片进行识别处理。本系统采用LoRa模块进行自组网来实现环境监测,将Linux操作系统移植到集中控制模块,为视觉系统软硬件平台的搭建做准备工作,所使用的组合算法能够使得农作物叶片识别率达到95.3%,识别时间达到8.4 ms,对于叶片识别精度等方面有着明显的提升,经过实验充分验证本系统所使用的设备与算法的有效性。 相似文献
106.
Yasmin Vasques Berchembrock Ulisses José de Figueiredo José Airton Rodrigues Nunes Cacilda Borges do Valle Sanzio Carvalho Lima Barrios 《Grass and Forage Science》2020,75(2):145-152
Hybridization in the Urochloa humidicola breeding programme allowed to explore the genetic variability of the apomictic sources and, thus, to obtain new sexual and apomictic parents with compatible ploidy and/or superior progenies. However, given the high variability arising from crosses, there is a need to adopt efficient selection strategies among and within progenies. The aim of this study was to compare the selection methods among U. humidicola progenies with (t-BLUP) and without (BLUP) the weighting based on prediction error and subsequent selection within progenies by individual simulated (BLUPIS) or optimal individual BLUP. We evaluated seventy-one U. humidicola full-sib progenies from biparental crosses between nine sexual and ten apomictic parents. The experiment was set up in an incomplete block design with 64 blocks of 15 plots each, consisting of individual plants. Seven consecutive cuts were made and the traits total dry-matter, leaf dry-matter and regrowth scores were measured. Genetic variance was expressive for all traits. The selection procedure among progenies of U. humidicula based on t-BLUP proved to be more advantageous regarding the use of BLUP not weighted by the prediction error, resulting in higher selection gains, taking as reference the optimal procedure of the individual BLUP. Furthermore, the use of BLUPIS allowed an optimized selection of hybrids, allowing the breeder to explore with variable selection intensity the genetic variability within the selected full-sib progenies based on relative genetic merit. 相似文献
107.
Development and identification of glyphosate-tolerant transgenic soybean via direct selection with glyphosate
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GUO Bing-fu HONG Hui-long HAN Jia-nan ZHANG Li-juan LIU Zhang-xiong GUO Yong QIU Li-juan 《农业科学学报》2020,19(5):1186-1196
Glyphosate-tolerant soybean is the most widely planted genetically modified crop worldwide. However, soybean remains recalcitrant to routine transformation because of the low infection efficiency of Agrobacterium to soybean and lack of useful selectable markers. In this study, several Agrobacterium strains and cell densities were compared by transient expression of the GUS gene. The results showed that Agrobacterium strain Ag10 at cell densities of OD_(600) of 0.6–0.9 yielded the highest infection efficiency in Agrobacterium-mediated soybean cotyledonary node transformation system. Meanwhile, a simple and rapid method was developed for identification of glyphosate tolerance in putative T_0 transgenic plants, consisting of spotting plantlets with 1 μL Roundup~?. The whole cycle of genetic transformation could be shortened to about 3 mon by highly efficient selection with glyphosate during the transformation process and application of the spot assay in putative T_0 transgenic plantlets. The transformation frequency ranged from 2.9 to 5.6%. This study provides an improved protocol for development and identification of glyphosate-tolerant transgenic soybeans. 相似文献
108.
以39份玉米自交系为材料,2017—2018年在甘肃省张掖市设置田间自然抗旱鉴定试验,筛选抗旱鉴定指标,综合评价玉米自交系的抗旱性。结果表明:在干旱胁迫下,39份玉米自交系的粉丝间隔时间延长了0~3 d,株高、穗位高、穗长、穗粗、穗干重、籽粒干重、出籽率及百粒重均降低,其中,穗干重、籽粒干重和出籽率3个指标分别为正常灌水处理的81.5%、79%和88.5%。穗干重、籽粒干重和出籽率与平均抗旱系数呈显著正相关,可作为玉米自交系抗旱鉴定的主要指标。利用加权抗旱系数法综合评价筛选出强抗旱玉米自交系10份,其中自交系E28、DH351、陇1222、浚92-8和黄早四,抗旱性达到极强。本研究所筛选到的抗旱自交系可在选育抗旱新品种中加强利用。 相似文献
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110.
Pablo Bielza Virginia Balanza Dina Cifuentes Jos E Mendoza 《Pest management science》2020,76(11):3517-3526
Biological control is an efficient pest control method but there are still limitations that are hindering its wider adoption. Genetic improvement of biological control agents (BCAs) can help to overcome these constraints, but the choice of key attributes for better performance that need to be selected is still an open question. Several characteristics have been suggested but the harsh reality is that selective breeding of BCAs has received a lot of attention but resulted in very little progress. Identifying the appropriate traits to be prioritized may be the first step to reverse this situation. In our opinion, the best way is to look at the factors limiting the performance of key BCAs, especially generalist predators (pesticide compatibility, prey‐density dependence, non‐suitable crops, and extreme environmental conditions), and according to these challenges, to choose the attributes that would allow BCAs to overcome those limitations. The benefits of selection for higher resistance to toxins, whether artificially applied (pesticides) or plant produced (plant defenses); increased fitness when feeding on non‐prey food (supplemented or plant‐derived); and better adaptation to extreme temperature and humidity are discussed. In conclusion, genetic improvement of BCAs can bring about new opportunities to biocontrol industry and users to enhance biocontrol resilience. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献