Effects of feeding diets containing low crude protein and coarse wheat bran as alternatives to zinc oxide in nursery pig diets

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of crude protein (CP) level in diets containing coarse wheat bran (CWB) with or without pharmacological levels of Zn (provided by zinc oxide: ZnO) on growth performance and fecal DM of nursery pigs. In experiment 1, 360 barrows (Line 200 × 400, DNA, Columbus, NE, initially 5.6 kg) were allotted to 1 of 6 dietary treatments from d 0 to 21 after weaning with 5 pigs per pen and 12 pens per treatment. Treatments included a positive control diet (21% CP) with 3,000 mg/kg Zn in phase 1 and 2,000 mg/kg in phase 2; negative control (21% CP) with 110 mg/kg added Zn, and 4 diets containing 4% CWB and 110 mg/kg added Zn formulated to contain 21%, 19.5%, 18%, or 16.5% CP. The 2 control diets and 21% CP CWB diet contained 1.40% standardized ileal digestible (SID) Lys in phase 1 and 1.35% SID Lys in phase 2, while the 19.5%, 18%, and 16.5% CP diets contained 1.33, 1.25 and 1.20% Lys, respectively, in both phases. Pigs fed the positive control diet containing pharmacological ZnO had increased (P < 0.05) ADG and G:F compared with the negative control and the 21% CP CWB diet. Reducing CP (concurrently with SID Lys) in diets containing CWB decreased ADG and G:F (linear, P = 0.002); however, fecal DM increased (linear, P = 0.005). In experiment 2, two groups of 300 and 350 pigs, initially 7.0 and 6.2 kg, respectively, were used with 5 pigs per pen and 26 pens per treatment. The objective was to determine if adding back essential AA would improve growth performance of pigs fed the low CP diets. All dietary treatments were fed for 13 days, contained 4% CWB, and consisted of: (1) positive control with 2,000 mg/kg of Zn and 21% CP (1.35% SID Lys); (2) no ZnO and 21% CP; and 3 diets with no ZnO formulated to 18% CP and (3) 1.2% SID Lys; (4) 1.35% SID Lys by the addition of feed grade amino acids (AA), and (5) diet 4 with non-essential amino acids (NEAA; Gly and Glu). Pigs fed 21% CP with ZnO had increased (P = 0.001) ADG compared to those fed 18% CP (1.35% SID Lys) with high levels of feed grade amino acids or those fed the reduced SID Lys (1.2%) diet. Overall, G:F was improved (P < 0.001) for pigs fed 21% CP diets and those fed the 18% CP diet with NEAA compared to pigs fed 1.2% SID Lys and pigs fed high levels of feed grade amino acids. Fecal DM was increased for pigs fed the reduced SID Lys diet. In summary, pharmacological levels of Zn improve pig growth performance, but reducing CP (and subsequently SID Lys) decreased nursery pig growth performance.     

利用TPS夏播生产优质实生种薯的研究──夏播实生种薯和常规实生种薯的比较

通过夏播实生种薯和常规实生种薯的比较试验，揭示了夏播实生种薯具有带毒少、出苗率高、长势强、退化轻、晚疫病轻、产量和淀粉含量明显提高等特点．进一步证明利用马铃薯实生种子夏播生产优质实生种薯是效果显著，完全可行的。     

超临界CO2萃取小试设备工艺设计与设备选型

通过对超临界CO2萃取设备工艺流程的设计和对各种关键部件综合利弊的分析，得出1L超临界CO2萃取设备最佳最优的设备组合。     

Corn Genotypic Variation Effects on Seedling Emergence and Leaf Appearance for Short-Season Areas

Identifying corn ( Zea mays L.) genotypes with faster rates of seedling emergence and leaf appearance is important in developing a corn crop with earlier canopy closure and better seasonal light interception. A greenhouse experiment was conducted twice to investigate whether corn genotypes known to vary in canopy architecture and yield potential differed in rates of seedling emergence and leaf appearance. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design utilizing seven genotypes: five of the newly developed Leafy reduced-stature (LRS) types (LRS1, LRS2, LRS3, LRS4 and LRS5), one conventional type [Pioneer 3979 (P3979)], and one late-maturing big-leaf (LMBL) type. Five seeds were planted in each pot and seedling emergence was recorded every day until all seeds emerged. Leaf appearance was recorded from seedling emergence until the plants reached anthesis. There was variability among the genotypes for both seedling emergence and leaf appearance rate. Mean seedling emergence values of greater than 90 % were achieved by four of the five LRS genotypes, and the LRS types generally emerged more rapidly than the others. Leaf appearance rate showed linear increases over time; however, LRS genotypes (in particular LRS3, LRS4 and LRS5) had more rapid leaf appearance rates than the others. The LMBL hybrid ranked last for both seedling emergence (<80 %) and leaf appearance rate. Rapid seedling emergence and leaf appearance by early-maturing genotypes (LRS and P3979, especially LRS) may help these types of genotypes achieve earlier canopy closure and better use of the light available during the growing season, which is critical in a short growing season environment.     

中小水电机电设备科技进展（1）

随着小水电及农村电气化建设的发展，我国研制出了一批适用性强、针对性好的先进设备。文章集中介绍了在部分中小水电中使用的主机及辅机设备的新进展，并介绍了电站机电设备及输配电设备的近期配置模式。     

钵育大苗对水稻生育性状及产量的影响

为探讨水稻钵盘育苗不同秧龄秧苗对低温和盐碱的抵抗能力。采用田间调查和室内考种方法对不同播期的秧苗进行了全生育期的比较研究。结果表明；钵育大苗秧苗综合素质好，插秧后抗低温，抗盐碱能力强，比钵育中苗提早成熟3d，而且可提高产量10.7%。     

Varietal Differences in Development of Maize (Zea mays L.) Seedlings on Compacted Soils

Differences among open-pollinated tropical maize ( Zea mays L.) varieties in seedling development and establishment on compacted soils were studied. Soil dry density was used as an index of compaction. Three soil compaction levels and 12 traits associated with development and establishment of maize seedlings were investigated. A control (without compaction) was also included. Varietal differences were observed for most traits measured. Genetic differences for seedling development on compacted soil were detected. Varietal differences contributed about three times the contribution of compaction to total variability in the traits. Better seedling development and performance were obtained in moderately compacted soil than in the control. Shoot length, shoot dry weight and per cent dry matter in roots were good indicators of the tolerance of maize seedlings to compaction. A physiological strategy for maize seedling establishment on compacted soil was proposed. The implications of the results for seed testing were also highlighted. It was concluded that consideration should be given to the genotype of maize destined for use in ecologies prone to high soil densities. All varieties of maize grown in an agroecological zone could be screened to identify genotypes tolerant of higher soil densities. The seeds could then be multiplied and distributed to farmers.     

有色金属压铸成型工艺的模糊智能设计

介绍了专家系统产生式规则与模糊集合相结合的方法，阐述了压铸工艺经验表达的自然语言理解方式。此外，还开发了用以形成模糊专家系统框架核心的推理机制，并通过线性模糊矩阵代数运算予以实现。研究了有色金属压铸成型工艺模糊智能化设计中浇注温度和出模斜度的问题。结果表明，智能设计方法能够有效地表达和组织压铸工艺专家知识。     

大葱生产用种量试验研究

经过2000～2001年两年试验,育苗面积66.7m2,每定植667m2大葱生产田,用种100g育出的葱苗数量少,满足不了定植需求;用种150～250g育出的葱苗质量高,数量充足,生产出的鲜葱质量和产量较高,是适宜用种量范围;用种300～450g育出的葱苗质量不高,达到壮苗标准的葱苗较少,种子浪费较多,生产出的鲜葱质量和产量较低,不宜提倡.     

马尾松苗切根技术研究

通过马尾松苗切根试验，明显提高了苗木质量，切根的最佳时间为８月分，深度８ｃｍ左右，切根苗宜在砂质土壤上进行条播为好。