ISO质量管理体系在湖南水文的建立

陈述了ISO9000质量管理体系在湖南省水文水资源勘测局的建立过程及带来的管理观念转变,分析了质量管理体系对本单位的利与弊。     

Analysis of the seed dispersal patterns of wild soybean as a reference for vegetation management around genetically modified soybean fields

There are concerns that genetically modified soybean might threaten the genetic diversity of the wild soybean populations that are distributed in East Asia because genetically modified soybean has no crossing barrier with wild soybean. A simple and effective method to prevent hybridization via pollen flow is spatial separation between the two species because their hybridization occurs only when they grow in close proximity. Therefore, the invasiveness of wild soybean needs to be known in order to secure the appropriate distances. As wild soybean seeds are dispersed mechanically by pod dehiscence, an experiment was conducted in which white sheets were placed on the ground, concentric circles were drawn around the parent plants, and the number of dispersed seeds within each 0.5 m‐wide zone were counted. About 40% of the produced seeds were dispersed and the number of dispersed seeds gradually declined as the distance from the parent plants increased. The model that explained the relationship between the number and distance of the dispersed seeds was produced by using a generalized linear model procedure. More than 95, 99, and 99.9% of the produced seeds stayed within 3.5, 5.0, and 6.5 m after natural pod dehiscence. Knowing these values is useful for evaluating the level of invasive risk by mechanical seed dispersal. The goal of the work is to efficiently and deliberately prevent hybridization by isolating genetically modified soybean fields and wild soybean populations by vegetation management, including weeding and setting up specific‐width buffer zones.     

不同绿豆品种萌发期的自毒作用研究

采用晋绿2号、豫绿2号、郑绿5号、中绿8号等4个绿豆品种的幼苗植株浸提液浸种处理后进行种子发芽试验,通过对种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数及幼苗叶绿素含量、根系活力和过氧化物酶(POD)活性等指标的测定,比较了不同绿豆品种萌发期的自毒作用.结果显示:与用蒸馏水浸种培养处理相比,发芽率和发芽指数变化不明显,种子活力指数、发芽势、叶绿素含量、POD活性和苗高下降,而幼苗根系活力升高,说明4个绿豆品种均有自毒作用;测定结果还表明,4个绿豆品种的自毒作用强弱有差异,自毒效应大小顺序为:晋绿2号＞郑绿5号＞中绿8号＞豫绿2号.     

The establishment of Taraxacum officinale plants in grassland

Factors involved in the establishment of Taraxacum officinale (dandelion) seedlings in grasslands and plant mortality in the first growing season were studied during 2008–2011. The study was conducted at 11 grassland sites that differed in the quantity of seed rain and the intensity of seedling predation by slugs. In April, of each study year, 10 plots open to the sedimentation of naturally dispersed seeds were established at each site, five plots of which were also sown with 250 T. officinale seeds each. The amount of natural seed rain, slug feeding activity and number of plants in each plot were then recorded at monthly intervals. Seed rain and seedling predation accounted for c. 50% of the variation in seedling establishment. Populations of established seedlings then declined through October, at which point they were at 25% of the original abundance on average. The percentage of plants that survived varied among sites and years. The temporal and spatial variation in T. officinale establishment and survival of young plants was enormous, even within a small area. Predation of seedlings by slugs can effectively prevent the establishment of T. officinale in grassland. This only occurred, however, at slug abundances not acceptable under conditions of public access.     

Penetration, Development and Emigration of Juveniles of the Nematode Meloidogyne arenaria in Myrobalan Plum (Prunus cerasifera) Clones Bearing the Ma Resistance Genes

Penetration, development and emigration of M. arenaria in the roots of three Myrobalan plum (Prunus cerasifera) clones genetically characterized for their resistance to root-knot nematodes (RKN) were studied during the 10 (penetration) and 15 (emigration) days following the date of inoculation (D) of 2500 juveniles (J2s) per plant into the soil. Miniaturized tests were conducted on the two resistant clones P.2175 (Ma1 gene) and P.1079 (Ma2 gene) and the susceptible clone P.2032 (recessive for both genes), obtained from micropropagated plantlets and grown in mini-containers under controlled conditions at 25°C in a growth chamber. For penetration and development studies, nematodes in the roots were recovered by the acid fuchsin-lactophenol staining technique. Equivalent numbers of J2s were recovered in all the clones at D+1 and D+2. Subsequently, the numbers increased rapidly in P.2032 and were significantly different from those in P.1079 and P.2175 that remained at a low level. No swollen larvae were observed in the resistant clones. In P.2032, the first swollen larvae were observed at D+4, the first females were observed at D+12, whereas the first females with attached egg sacs and the first new-generation J2s were obtained between D+21 and D+28. Our data suggest that the resistance phenomenon does not act on the very early nematode penetration but acts later by preventing feeding-site induction and development into the third-stage. For emigration studies, plants in which J2s had been allowed to penetrate for two days (from D to D+2) were washed free of soil, repotted and then, after various periods of growth, soil-free roots were placed under a mistifier to evaluate the numbers of emigrating individuals. Emigration of J2s from the roots occured mainly from D+2 to D+4 in all the genotypes and was very limited from D+4 to D+10. There was no significant differences in the number of emigrated juveniles between the resistant and susceptible clones, indicating that emigration cannot explain the difference in the numbers of nematodes recovered in the roots.     

种子超干贮藏对紫花苜蓿前期生长和生理特性的影响

采用硅胶室温干燥法对陇东紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa L. cv. Longdong）种子进行超干处理,使其含水量由9.03%（CK）分别降至7.09%～4.59%共八个不同含水量水平,用铝箔纸密封,常温下贮藏1年后,采用沙培盆栽试验,研究种子超干贮藏对苜蓿生长和生理的影响。结果表明,超干贮藏后,紫花苜蓿种子的出苗数、植株的株高比CK显著提高,MDA含量显著降低。播种第30天时,含水量为6.36%～4.59%处理种子的出苗数较CK提高25%～50%;播种第60天时,种子含水量为6.36%～5.46%处理的植株株高较CK提高11.02%～15.68%,各超干处理种子的植株MDA含量仅为CK的44.92%～70.29%;所有处理植株的根体积、地上干重、地下干重和可溶性糖含量仅为CK的55.36%～89.29%、63.06%～88.05%、50.71%～76.69%和63.35%～97.86%;除4.59%含水量处理的叶片数和5.18%含水量处理的根瘤数与CK比差异不显著,其它各处理的单株叶片数与根瘤数均显著低于CK,其中各超干处理的根瘤数仅为CK的63.00%～92.56%。说明超干贮藏能够提高苜蓿种子的出苗数、植株的株高和耐受性,但降低了植株的生物量及根体积,并影响了叶片生长及根瘤的形成。     

天山北坡经济带人口分布与经济发展研究

人口分布是影响经济发展的重要因素。人口分布与经济分布的最基本属性是不均衡性,人口与经济的空间集中化是区域发展的内在规律。本文从人口与经济发展的关系出发,通过对天山北坡经济带人口数量、人口密度、人口分布等因素与经济发展相关关系及动态演进的多方面分析,为天山北坡经济带进一步实施人口与经济空间集中化战略,建立起人口、经济与环境协调发展的区域格局提供一些理论依据与对策。     

包头市城市环境与经济协调发展分析与评价

运用层次分析法从综合环境效益和综合经济效益两个方面构建指标体系,建立研究模型,定性与定量相结合,从包头市城市环境与经济发展的协调度方面,确定包头市环境与经济协调发展的类型,对2001年-2005年以来包头市的城市环境与经济协调发展状况进行了分析与评价。     

淮安红椒产业现状及发展对策

结合淮安红椒产业发展现状、特色以及存在的问题,提出成立淮安红椒产业发展办公室、培植壮大龙头企业、建设规模的淮安红椒标准园、成立淮安红椒研发中心、发展淮安红椒文化产业等相应对策.     

种薯芽眼摆向不同对马铃薯性状的影响

以洛马铃薯8号为材料,设置种薯芽眼向上、向下、侧向3个摆向,研究其对早熟春播马铃薯性状的影响。试验结果表明,马铃薯薯块芽眼摆向不同对性状有较大影响,芽眼向下播种的马铃薯与常规播种(芽眼向上)相比,株高增高4.14 cm,芽眼根增多,匍匐根增加1.1条,地上茎增粗1.12 mm,地下茎增长3.68 cm,匍匐茎增加1.19条,块茎增加1.06个,产量增加272.48 kg/667 m2,而大中薯比例、商品率基本相同,绿薯率极低,品质改善。